胸主动脉瘤手术的体外循环管理

①目的探讨胸主动脉瘤手术的体外循环(CPB)管理方法.②方法 1991年9月～2001年9月在不同CPB方法下实施胸主动脉瘤手术52例.采用中低温完全CPB灌注法29例;降主动脉重建术4例,其中2例采用深低温停循环(DHCA),另外2例在常温部分CPB下完成;术中实施脑保护者19例,其中10例用DHCA+上腔静脉逆行灌注(RCP)法,另外9例用DHCA+右锁骨下动脉灌注(SCP)法.心肌保护方法改良式温氧合血停搏液持续逆行灌注法(温血组)9例,4∶1冷氧合血停搏液顺行或逆行间断灌注法(冷血组)27例,改良冷晶体St.Thomas停搏液顺行或逆行间断灌注法(冷晶组)16例.③结果 CPB时间(195±89)min,主动脉阻断时间(135±63)min,RCP时间(37±4)min,SCP时间(33±12)min.CPB期间平均鼻温(24.9±3.9)℃,肛温(27.7±3.5)℃.心脏自动恢复冲动率温血组67%,冷血组44%,冷晶组31%.住院死亡9例,平均CPB时间(302±109)min,主动脉阻断时间(249±120)min.其余43例病人术后(20±6)d痊愈出院.④结论采用DHCA+RCP及DHCA+SCP法是一种较好的脑保护措施,可降低术后卒中发生率和手术死亡率.胸主动脉瘤的CPB方法选择及术中保护各重要脏器功能是CPB管理的关键.     

体外循环中血浆一氧化氮和内皮素变化的临床观察

目的　观察体外循环 (CPB)转流前后血浆中一氧化氮 (NO)和内皮素 (ET)的含量变化。方法　选择CPB下心内直视手术病人 2 1例 ,分别在手术前、转流前、转流 5min、转流 30min、停止转流前、停CPB后 1h ,采血样 4ml,用于NO及ET测定。结果　手术前血浆中NO为 (3.6 4± 0 .6 1)nmol/ml,转流前及CPB5min时分别为 (3.6 2± 0 .6 4 )nmol/ml和 (3.5 7± 0 .72 )nmol/ml与术前比没有显著性差异P >0 .0 5 ,NO在CPB30min、停止转流前及停机后 1h明显升高为 (5 .90± 1.11)nmol/ml、(5 .82± 1.2 5 )nmol/ml和 (5 .71± 1.2 2 )nmol/ml,与术前比有明显升高P <0 .0 1。手术前ET为 (11.4 7± 2 .5 8)pg/ml,转流前及CPB5min分别为 (11.16± 2 .39)pg/ml和 (10 .89± 2 .4 3)pg/ml,与术前比无显著性差异 P>0 .0 5 ,CPB30min时ET降至最低点为 (6 .79± 2 .30 )pg/ml,与术前比有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,之后随转流时间增加ET逐渐回升 ,到停止转流前升至最高点为 (14 .6± 3.10 )pg/ml明显高于术前水平P <0 .0 1,停机后 1h为 (14 .34± 2 .97)pg/ml仍高于术前水平P <0 .0 1。结论　CPB是一个典型的缺血再灌注损伤过程 ,可诱发一系列复杂的全身性炎症反应 ,可导致血浆中NO、ET浓度显著升高 ,且持续至停机 1h。     

婴幼儿深低温低流量的安全灌注流量及时间探讨

目的　探讨婴幼儿深低温低流量体外循环 (CPB)的安全灌注流量及时间。方法　回顾性总结 1994～ 2 0 0 2年采用深低温低流量CPB方法行法乐氏四联症 (TOF)根治术 ,低流量灌注时间超过 6 0min的婴幼儿。全组 2 7例 ,年龄 2～ 36 (14 .6 1± 11.30 )m ,体重 5～ 13(8.2 5± 2 .31)kg ,全身降温至鼻咽温 18～ 2 3(2 0 .0 9± 1.84 )℃ ,低流量 2 5～ 5 0 (37.5 6± 6 .82 )ml/ (kg .min) ,持续灌注 6 0～ 130 (81.35± 18.4 0 )min ,低流量期间红细胞压积 (Hct) 0 .16～ 0 .2 8(0 .2 2± 0 .0 5 ) ,静脉血氧饱和度 (SvO2 )维持高于 6 5 %。结果　 2 7例婴幼儿 ,术后 1～ 5 (2 .39± 1.2 1)h清醒 ,未出现神经精神异常症状和体征。术后发生严重肺并发症 (灌注肺 ) 2例 ,2例因低心输出量综合征死亡。存活 2 5例 ,经治愈出院。结论　鼻咽温 2 0℃时 ,中度血液稀释Hct(0 .2 1～ 0 .2 4 ) ,婴幼儿低流量 4 0ml/ (kg .min)持续灌注 ,安全时间可达 90min甚至更长。     

新生儿和小婴儿心脏手术体外循环管理策略

目的　介绍 2 0 0 2年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 12月 62例 6kg以下新生儿、小婴儿心脏手术体外循环 (CPB)管理策略。方法　各种先天性心脏病心内直视手术 62例 ,年龄 2d～ 12m( 4.78± 2 .69)m ,体重 2 .3～ 6.0 ( 5 .18± 0 .96)kg均使用进口膜式氧合器 ,预充总量控制在 3 5 0ml,常温浅低温流量 5 7例 ,中度低温中流量 4例 ,低温低流量 6例 ,深低温停循环 1例。全部采用 4:1含血心肌保护液 ,术中和术后常规超滤与改良超滤。结果　主动脉阻断时间 0～ 13 2 ( 3 7.85± 2 6.5 2 )min ,CPB时间 3 8～ 2 5 8( 81.2 7± 5 6.5 1)min,心肌全部自动复跳 ,尿量排出满意 ,转流过程平稳 ,未出现与CPB相关故障和并发症 ,全部顺利脱机 ,5 8例痊愈出院 4例死亡。结论　低体重小儿应根据病情及手术操作的难易程度采取不同的CPB方法尽量减少预充量 ,积极排出体内多余水分和良好的心肌保护及脏器保护是确保CPB成功的关键     

低体重危重先心病婴儿的体外循环方法

目的　回顾 15 5例体重在 5kg以下危重先天性心脏病婴儿体外循环 (CPB)方法。方法　对 15 5例体重在 5kg以下的危重先天性心脏病婴儿进行了CPB下的外科纠治术。年龄为 ( 3 .5± 2 .4)m ,体重为 ( 4.4± 0 .7)kg。其中 44例采用深低温停循环方法 ;7例采用深低温低流量方法 ;2 3例采用深低温停循环结合低流量方法 ;18例为中度低温转流方法 ;3 7例为浅低温转流 ;另外 18例是采用常温CPB方法。 5 2例采用改良超滤 (MUF)方法 ,4例进行常规超滤 (CUF)方法 ,90例运用常规超滤结合改良超滤方法。结果　CPB时间为 ( 75 .7± 41.5 )min ,主动脉阻断时间是 ( 48.9± 2 4.1)min,停循环时间为 ( 3 3 .9± 15 .1)min,低流量时间为 ( 62± 2 8.9)min。 90例采用CUF和MUF方法相结合 ,在转流期间CUF方法滤出液体 ( 2 5 1.2± 13 8.3 )ml。死亡 13例 ,死亡率 8.3 %。结论　采取减少预充量、合适的灌注流量和转流方法、超滤、pHSTAT和αSTAT方法的血气管理可取得良好效果     

主动脉弓中断矫治术中体外循环管理体会

目的　探讨主动脉弓中断 (IAA)矫治术中体外循环方法。方法　IAA患儿 8例 ,男 4例 ,女 4例 ;年龄 1m～2岁 ,体重 3～ 8.3kg ;其中A型 4例 ,B型 4例。均在深低温体外循环下一期矫治IAA及其合并心脏畸形。除早期 1例采用单根主动脉灌注外 ,其余均采用上下半身同时灌注。早期 2例采用α稳态血气管理 ,后期采用 pH稳态和α稳态相结合的血气管理方式。结果　深低温停循环 (DHCA) 5例 ,深低温低流量 (DHLF) 2例 ,DHCA与DHLF相结合 1例。平均转流时间 (130± 13)min ,平均阻断时间 (72± 10 )min ,平均DHCA时间 (34.5± 10 .2 )min。死亡 1例 ,神经系统并发症 2例。结论　婴幼儿IAA宜在深低温体外循环下一期矫治 ,转流中采用持续脑灌注、控制停循环时间、pH稳态和α稳态相结合的血气管理等措施减少神经系统并发症。     

超滤在10公斤以下小儿体外循环中的应用

目的　总结婴幼儿先天性心脏病 (CHD)患儿体外循环 (CPB)中进行超滤的临床经验。方法　 1999年至2 0 0 2年 ,共进行 10kg以下小儿CHD心内直视手术 14 94例 ,其中复杂畸形 6 2 5例 ,所有病例都在手术中使用超滤。超滤方法包括常规超滤 (CUF)、改良超滤 (MUF)、平衡超滤 (BUF)以及联合应用等形式。部分病例测量转流前 ,转流结束和MUF结束时肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF) ,白介素 - 8(IL - 8)和E -选择素 (E -selectin)浓度。结果　14 94例患儿中未发现同超滤有关的并发症。采用CUF 2 1例 ,MUF 811例 ,BUF 2 0例 ,常规结合MUF 5 89例 ,BUF +MUF 5 3例。三种超滤方法时间分别为 (11.4 9± 6 .6 1)min ,(11.35± 2 .5 8)min和 (46 .0 4± 2 2 .4 1)min ,分别滤出液体 (135 .75± 4 0 .5 6 )ml,(332 .6 6± 112 .99)ml和 (5 2 7.2 7± 35 3.6 5 )ml。全组患者术中红细胞比积 (Hct)(0 .2 4 6± 0 .0 2 6 )L/L ,CUF结束时Hct(0 .2 6 1± 0 .0 2 5 )L/L ,MUF结束Hct为 (0 .339± 0 .0 34)L/L。TNF ,IL - 8和E -选择素测量结果显示 ,BUF能降低转流过程中炎症因子上升的幅度 ,MUF在浓缩血液的同时也增加了炎症因子的浓度。结论　超滤能够滤出炎性介质等有害物质。BUF法依靠置换作用可降低炎性介质的浓度。CUF和MUF都可浓缩血     

ROSS手术的体外循环管理

目的总结自体肺动脉瓣置换主动脉瓣,同时用同种异体肺动脉瓣行右室流出道成形术(ROSS)体外循环(CPB)特点及管理经验。方法1994年10月至2002年9月,11例主动脉瓣病变患者,全麻低温CPB下行ROSS手术,男9例、女2例,年龄8～58(33±16)岁。应用性能良好的人工心肺机、膜式氧合器。心肌保护7例应用晶体停搏液,4例应用4:1含血停搏液。复温时根据血色素应用超滤8例。2例应用洗血球机回收术中失血。结果CPB转机时间137～206(177.3±7.1)min,心肌血运阻断时间116—185(139.0±2.5)min。自动复跳率90.9％。转中超滤液400～1 800(1 112.5±478.7)ml。2例应用洗血球机共回收浓缩红细胞900ml。11例患者全部存活。结论ROSS手术应用膜式氧合器,采用浅中度低温,中度血液稀释,中等偏高流量转流是安全可靠的转流方法。转中注意心肌保护方法的综合应用;术中注意血液保护;应用超滤可灵活控制血液稀释度,减少组织水肿,有利于术后恢复。     

体外循环中应用血液透析的初步体会

目的　对 2 0 0 3年 3月～ 2 0 0 2年 9月间的 5例术前严重肾功能受损的心脏手术患者在体外循环 (CPB)中应用血液透析以减少手术风险。方法　常规进行CPB ,预充液中加入甲基强的松龙 5 0 0mg ,蛋白 2 5 g～ 40 g。采用低温、2 .4～ 2 .8L/ (min·m2 )高流量灌注 ,平均动脉压在 70mmHg以上 ,Hct保持在 2 2 %～ 2 5 %。CPB中应用血液透析 ,透析机为Gam -broAK90 (Sweden) ,透析器为SAXON(Germany) ,透析血流量为 15 0～ 2 5 0ml/min。结果　术中BUN下降到 ( 2 3 .8± 7.7)mmol/L与术前相比有及其显著差异 ( p<0 .0 1) ,术后f非蛋白氮 (BUN)为 ( 3 0 .5± 11.7)mmol/L ,与术前比仍有显著下降 ( p<0 .0 5 )。患者出院时肌酐 (Cr)为 ( 1.3 5± 0 .5 5 )mmol/L ,与术前比有显著下降 ( p <0 .0 5 )。 4例患者转流中尿少( 5 0～ 10 0ml)。 5例患者术中透析液量为 45 0～ 13 0 0 ( 975± 3 2 2 )ml。 2例患者在CPB后立即进行了肾异位移植术 ,1例在ICU透析 3d。 5例患者于术后 14～ 5 6d均康复出院。结论　CPB中恰当地使用血液透析对于具有CPB手术指征又伴有严重的肾功能不全的患者可降低BUN、排除分水 ,为术后进一步治疗创造良好条件     

38例急诊冠状动脉搭桥体外循环分析

目的　对急诊冠状动脉搭桥移植 (ECABG)体外循环 (CPB)过程的特殊性及处理要点加以总结 ,以减少CPB并发症 ,提高ECABG成功率。方法　对 1999年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 3月 38例急诊ECABGCPB过程 ,心肌保护措施 ,处理要点及行非体外冠状动脉ECABG时CPB准备方法进行分析总结。结果　 30例行CPB下急诊ECABG ,平均CPB时间 (119.0± 32 .5 )min ,平均阻断时间 (6 6 .2± 2 4 .3)min ,平均辅助时间 (45 .8± 13.6 )min ;2例行CPB辅助下不停跳搭桥 ,2 6例开放升主动脉后自动复跳 ,自动复跳率 92 .8%。 8例行不停跳搭桥。 1例于术后 10d死于呼吸衰竭 ,1例于术后第九日在病房猝死 ,考虑急性肺栓塞。 1例PTCA时致前降支穿孔、心包填塞的 81岁女性患者术后第四天死于循环衰竭。其余随访 2～ 2 5m无死亡及其它系统严重并发症 ,无明显心绞痛及心肌缺血表现。结论　合理的CPB管理是提高移植术 (ECABG)成功率的重要条件之一。     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Analysis of CK-19,PDX-1,Nestin,Ngn3 in different donor islet purity in rats

Objective: To investigate if there are the CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells in the donor islets of different purity in rats. Methods: Thirty male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Islets were isolated using digestion by ductal injection of collagenase. Group Ⅰ (n=10): Separating cell preparations were not purified, Group Ⅱ(n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% Ficoll400 ,Group Ⅲ (n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% and 11% Ficoll-400. The levels of protein of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin and Ngn3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and the mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 was amplified by RT-PCR. Results: After two different purification methods applied, three islet preparations of different purities were obtained. The difference of islet purity was significant among various groups (P＜0.05). Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the protein and mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin,Ngn3 were both higher in group Ⅰ; group Ⅲ was poorly expressed. Conclusions: The three different islet purity donor islet have different CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells within them, indicating that there are some islet stem cells in the purified donor islet.     

A preliminary screening study on the associated proteins in human psoriasis vulgaris by serum proteomics technologies

Objective：To investigate the optimum screening conditions of associated proteins in human psoriasis vulgaris by serum proteomics technique, and to screen the different expression proteins related with psoriasis vulgaris. Methods：Serum samples of peripheral blood were collected from newly diagnosed psoriasis vulgaris patients in the clinic, and 20 matched healthy persons. Serum albumin IgG was removed by filtering with ProteoExtract Albumin/IgG. After comparative proteomics analysis the different protein spots were identified using 2-DE and MS. Results ：Electrophoresis figures with high resolution and reproducibility were obtained. Three different expression proteins were found only in the serum from psoriasis vulgaris patients, while nine other different proteins expressing from healthy volunteers. Conclusion：The protein expression was different in the serum between the psoriasis vulgaris patients and healthy volunteers. It was hoped that we could find the biomarkers related to psoriasis vulgaris by using proteomics.     

A CASE OF HUGE GASTRIC DISOPYROBEZOAR

PYTOBEZOARS are common bezoars in gastrontestinal tract, commonly seen in stomach and mall intestine,1but huge disopyrobezoars are     

Acupuncture Treatment of Chest Bi Syndrome

CASE HISTORY A male,a retired officer of 61 years old,paid his first visit on May 12,2006.The patient stated that 2 weeks before he suddenly got paroxysmal precordial choking pain,with irregular attacks.Each attack would last several seconds to several minutes.The attack was accompanied with heavy oppressed sensation in the precordial region,palpitation,lassitude,and in severe cases,sweating,which was once diagnosed by a hospital as'coronary heart disease'.Recalling the case history,the patient said that several days before he got angry with others because of some affairs in work,and he was not so used to the life pattern since he had just retired from his busy working post.At usual times,he was quick tempered and peevish.In recent days,he had poor appetite,and loose stool.     

Instructions to Contributors

The English edition of Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine is edited and published by the Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Press.Original scientific papers of advanced clinical and experimental medicine in the field of complementary/alternative medicine or integrative medicine are expected.     

Development Is A High Level Inheritance for China Time-honored Brand Products

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