DNCB致敏/激发Nc/Nga小鼠特应性皮炎模型的建立

目的研究外用2,4-二硝基氯苯(DNCB)对Nc/Nga小鼠的致敏作用,探索建立特应性皮炎(AD)模型的方法。方法外用1%DNCB7周,间隔为1周,重复刺激并致敏7周大NC/Nga小鼠的双侧耳朵及背部皮肤。结果外用DNCB7周可以引起显著的炎症,并伴有高滴度的IgE和IL-4,利用HE染色进行组织病理分析,提示表皮炎性细胞明显增加。结论外用DNCB重复刺激Nc/Nga小鼠能产生AD样皮炎,可以作为研究AD病因及治疗AD的有效动物模型。     

特应性皮炎中西医结合治疗体会

特应性皮炎因其病因及发病机理复杂,往往经久不愈,反复发作.恰当采用中西医结合治疗,常可取得较好疗效.     

反相HPLC法测定吴茱萸碱及吴茱萸次碱的含量

建立了反相高效液相法（ＲＰ－ＨＰＬＣ）测定吴茱萸碱及吴茱萸次碱的定量方法,主要色谱条件为：色谱柱Ｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎｅｘ－ＯＤＳ;流动相为：水－乙腈－冰乙酸－四氢呋喃（１００：９０：０．２：２）（ｐＨ＝５．０）;流速为１．０ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ;检测波长２５４ｎｍ;线性范围０．０４￣０．２ｎｇ,吴茱萸碱及吴茱萸次碱浓度与峰面积具有良好相关性,ｒ值分别为０．９９９８,０．９９９５,加样回收率分别为９９．２５％,     

吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱和吴茱萸总碱的小鼠急性毒性

目的观察吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱和吴茱萸总碱的急性毒性,为吴茱萸碱类的深入研究提供实验依据。方法昆明种小鼠,清洁级,雌雄兼用,随机分为4组:空白对照、吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱和吴茱萸总碱组。各给药组分别单次灌胃给药2 g/kg,无小鼠死亡。然后进行单次灌胃最大给药量(5g/kg)实验,连续观察14 d。观察小鼠一般指标及体重变化;分别在给药后2 h、8 h、1 d、7 d和14 d测定血清谷氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、肌酐(Crea)和尿素(Urea)的浓度;同时进行心、肝、脾、肺、肾和脑组织病理学观察,并计算脏器指数。结果在观察的14 d内无小鼠死亡。与空白对照组比较,吴茱萸3种生物碱给药小鼠的皮毛、行为活动、呼吸、精神状态、饮食等均未见明显异常改变。测定药后2 h、8 h、24 h、7 d和14 d ALT、AST、Crea、Urea及主要脏器指数,与对照组没有明显差异。肉眼及组织病理学观察没有异常发现。吴茱萸碱组于给药后7 d和14 d时,体重较对照组呈下降趋势,但无统计学意义。结论小鼠分别单次灌胃吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱或吴茱萸总碱最大给药量5g/kg,连续观察14 d,未见明显毒性。     

特应性皮炎的临床治疗

目的 讨论特应性皮炎的治疗.方法 根据患者临床表现结合检查结果进行诊断并治疗.结论 尽量避免外来刺激,寻找并去除诱发加重因素.不要用力搔抓及摩擦皮肤.注意饮食及消化功能情况,不吃患者对之敏感的食物.保持精神愉快,避免过度紧张劳累等.     

HPLC同时测定吴茱萸中吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱和吴茱萸内酯的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法同时测定吴茱萸中吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱和吴茱萸内酯含量的方法.方法:采用高效液相色谱法,Hypersil ODS2 C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);流动相:甲醇-水梯度洗脱,0～30 min,甲醇-水(32∶68),30 min以后,甲醇-水(63∶37);流速:0.8 ml/min;检测波长:225 nm;柱温:32℃.结果:吴茱萸碱的回归方程:Y=4252.1X+16.231,R2=1,线性范围0.20～4.0 μg;吴茱萸次碱回归方程:Y=988.18X-18.269,R2=1,线性范围0.20～4.0 μg;吴茱萸内酯回归方程:Y=131.09X-9.113,R2=0.9992,线性范围0.363～7.26μg.吴茱萸碱平均回收率为97.8%,RSD1.11%;吴茱萸次碱平均回收率为97.3%,RSD1.17%;吴茱萸碱平均回收率为97.8%,RSD2.10%.结论:该方法稳定,重现性好,操作简单.     

表皮紧密连接在特应性皮炎发病机制中的作用

特应性皮炎(atopic dermatitis,AD)是一种以瘙痒和皮损渗液或干燥为主要表现的皮肤科常见病。该疾病发病机制复杂,免疫系统失衡和表皮屏障受损在其中起着重要作用。紧密连接(tight junction,TJ) 作为皮肤屏障中的重要调节分子,与其他各因素相互影响,促进着AD的发生、发展。本文将从紧密连接蛋白的结构及功能、紧密连接在AD中的病理表现、紧密连接失调在AD发病机制中的作用及靶向治疗等方面进行论述。     

特应性皮炎的发病机制研究进展

特应性皮炎(atopicdermatitis ,AD)是一种慢性复发性、瘙痒性、炎症性皮肤病,通常始发于婴幼儿,在儿童时期常表现出呼吸道过敏症状,约70 %的患者有过敏性家族史[1] 。近年来,AD的发病率有所上升,最近的资料表明其发病率已接近2 0 % [2 ] ,因病因和发病机制不明,缺乏特效治疗且发病率高、危害较大而成为研究的热点。本文就AD的发病机制研究进展简述如下。一、AD的发病机制　　目前认为,各种内因(基因异常改变等)和外因(感染、变应原等)作用于机体中免疫细胞(包括固定于皮肤中免疫细胞和其它动态进入皮肤的非固定免疫细胞) ,引起免疫反应…     

特应性皮炎发病机制的最新研究进展

特应性皮炎（AD）是一种具有慢性、复发性、瘙痒性、炎症性的多基因遗传性皮肤病，致病机制不明，多见于儿童和青少年。因其病因和发病机制不明，受多种内外源因素影响，缺乏特效治疗手段且发病呈上升趋势，从而成为近期研究的热点。本文就AD的发病机制的最新研究进展简要综述如下。     

派瑞松治疗特应性皮炎临床观察

特应性皮炎（AD），原称异位性皮炎，是一种难治性、慢性、炎症性皮肤病，全世界发病率在儿童为10％～20％，成人为1％～3％，好发于过敏性体质的婴幼儿及青少年。临床上以瘙痒、典型的皮疹与分布及慢性病程为特征，因其病因不明及发病机理复杂，目前尚缺乏一种较理想的治疗方法。我科于2003年6月至2005年6月采用派瑞松（西安杨森制药有限公司生产）治疗AD，取得满意效果，现报告如下。     

咪唑斯汀治疗特应性皮炎的疗效及可能机制

目的:探讨咪唑斯汀治疗特应性皮炎的疗效及可能机制。方法:收集2013年4月至2014年10月在我院门诊收治并确诊为特应性皮炎的患者168例,按入院的顺序随机分为2个组别,对照组81例,观察组87例。结果:观察组治疗1周、2周和3周后痊愈的例数分别为5、42和75例,较对照组多,观察组治疗2周的总有效例数较对照组多,两个组别未出现明显的不良反应。治疗前,两个组别血清IgE、IL-5、TNF-α和IFN-γ与嗜酸粒细胞(EOS)计数无显著差异(P>0.05),治疗2周和4周两个组别的血清IgE、IL-5、TNF-α和IFN-γ与EOS计数显著降低(P<0.05),与对照组比,治疗2周观察组的血清IgE、IL-5、TNF-α和IFN-γ与EOS计数降低显著(P<0.05),治疗4周,观察组的IgE较对照组低,两个组别血清IL-5、TNF-α和IFN-γ与EOS计数无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:咪唑斯汀治疗特应性皮炎安全有效,可能通过降低血清IL-5、TNF-α和IFN-γ与降低外周血EOS计数而发挥作用。     

国医大师禤国维治疗儿童特应性皮炎经验

国医大师禤国维治疗儿童特应性皮炎分为两个阶段:5岁以下的小儿,生长发育迅速,脏腑娇弱,脏腑机能未全,治疗上不可轻言大补大泻,亦不能过寒过热,应用药性平和的中药健脾和胃,补益肺气;5～10岁的儿童,脏腑功能基本稳定,生长发育速度逐渐减慢,在固护脾胃的基础上,侧重于疏肝补肾,使肝肾藏泄功能趋于正常。如若病情迁延,风湿热蕴积于肌肤腠理之间,则易化生为顽固毒邪,易致皮如脱瓦,黄水浸淫,严重者则出现红皮症状,体无完肤,此时应先治标后治本,需急攻之,以搜风活血,逐湿解毒之法驱逐毒邪,后再顾护脾胃之本。     

Observations on the Antipruritic Effect of Guanethidine in Atopic Dermatitis

Guanethidine, 0.75 to 1.25 mg. per kg. per day, was found to alleviate the pruritus of acute atopic dermatitis in 19 out of 20 patients. It was not effective in patients with other dermatoses. An apparent partial tolerance to this treatment developed in six out of 10 patients re-treated. It had little or no therapeutic effect in 10 patients with a variety of other pruritic dermatoses, suggesting that this drug has a specific antipruritic action in patients with atopic dermatitis. In a double-blind study, 11 of 12 patients with atopic dermatitis treated with guanethidine experienced relief of pruritus. Four out of 12 patients using a placebo had complete or partial relief. Guanethidine, 1% to 10%, used topically was therapeutically no more effective than placebo. In view of the reported side effects and the anesthetic hazard encountered with guanethidine, further long-term studies are indicated before this drug is adopted for clinical use in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. The findings support the hypothesis that atopic dermatitis may be a manifestation of a hereditary defect in cutaneous noradrenaline binding.     

余土根治疗湿热内蕴型特应性皮炎的临床经验

[目的]研究余土根医师治疗特应性皮炎（atopic dermatitis,AD）临床经验,以期为临床用药和对AD的研究提供参考。[方法]根据中医辨证论治,首先分析特应性皮炎的病因病机及临床表现,将其进行分型,分别对各型进行辩证分析,讨论余师对各型的治疗经验;举隅湿热内蕴证特应性皮炎的治疗经验,分析余师诊疗体系。【结果]特应性皮炎分为湿热内蕴、脾湿蕴肤、血虚风燥型,举案湿热内蕴型,经过辨证治疗,皮损基本消失,瘙瘁明显改善。[结论】余师治疗湿热内蕴型特应性皮炎的学术思想和临床经验为临床辨证治疗提供了较为完整的思路,以藉为更多的患者解除痛苦,提高生活质量。     

Herbal Medicines Prevent the Development of Atopic Dermatitis by Multiple Mechanisms

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is among the most common skin disorders in humans. Although a variety of regimens are available for the treatment of AD, preventive approaches are limited. Recent studies have demonstrated that certain naturally-occurring herbal medicines are effective in preventing the development of AD via divergent mechanisms, such as inhibiting cytokine and chemokine expression, IgE production, inflammatory cell infiltration, histamine release, and/or enhancement of epidermal permeability barrier function. Yet, they exhibit few adverse effects. Since herbal medicines are widely available, inexpensive and generally safe, they could represent an ideal approach for preventing the development of AD, in both highly developed and developing countries.     

Clinical Features of Adult/Adolescent Atopic Dermatitis and Chinese Criteria for Atopic Dermatitis

Background:

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by chronic recurrent dermatitis with profound itching. Most patients have personal and/or family history of atopic diseases. Several criteria have been proposed for the diagnosis of AD. Although the clinical features of childhood AD have been widely studied, there has been less large-scale study on adult/adolescent AD. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features of adult/adolescent patients with chronic symmetrical eczema/AD and to propose Chinese diagnostic criteria for adult/adolescent AD.

Methods:

A hospital-based study was performed. Forty-two dermatological centers participated in this study. Adult and adolescent patients (12 years and over) with chronic symmetrical eczema or AD were included in this study. Questionnaires were completed by both patients and investigators. The valid questionnaires were analyzed using EpiData 3.1 and SPSS 17.0 software.

Results:

A total of 2662 valid questionnaires were collected (1369 male and 1293 female). Of all 2662 patients, 2062 (77.5%) patients had the disease after 12 years old, while only 600 (22.5%) patients had the disease before 12 years old, suggesting late-onset eczema/AD is common. Two thousand one hundred and thirty-nine (80.4%) patients had the disease for more than 6 months. One thousand one hundred and forty-four (43.0%) patients had a personal and/or family history of atopic diseases. One thousand five hundred and forty-eight (58.2%) patients had an elevated total serum IgE and/or eosinophilia and/or positive allergen-specific IgE. Based on these clinical and laboratory features, we proposed Chinese criteria for adult/adolescent AD. Of all 2662 patients, 60.3% were satisfied with our criteria, while only 48.2% satisfied with Hanifin Rajka criteria and 32.7% satisfied with Williams criteria, suggesting a good sensitivity of our criteria in adult/adolescent AD patients.

Conclusion:

Late-onset of eczema or AD is common. The clinical manifestations of AD are heterogeneous. We have proposed Chinese diagnostic criteria for adolescent and adult AD, which are simple and sensitive for diagnosis of adult/adolescent AD.     

麻黄连轺赤小豆汤对特应性皮炎模型小鼠皮肤屏障功能的影响

目的:探讨麻黄连轺赤小豆汤对不同时期特应性皮炎(atopic dermatitis,AD)模型小鼠皮肤屏障功能的影响.方法:采用随机数字表法将120只雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、糠酸莫米松组和麻黄连轺赤小豆汤组.除正常组外,其余组小鼠采用2,4-二硝基氟苯(2,4-dinitrofluorobenzen...     

特应性皮炎的研究进展

特应性皮炎(AD)是一种慢性、复发性、炎症性皮肤病,临床表现为剧烈瘙痒,多于儿童期发病,患病率呈逐年上升趋势,严重影响了患儿的身心健康.本文介绍了AD的患病率,影响因素,对患儿、家庭和社会造成的影响以及该病的治疗和预后.     

特应性皮炎的治疗进展

特应性皮炎(AD)是一种常见的慢性复发性炎症性皮肤病,以复发性湿疹性皮损为特征,伴有皮肤干燥和难治性瘙痒。AD发病机制复杂,可能与皮肤屏障功能障碍、遗传易感性、免疫功能紊乱的相互作用有关,严重影响患者及其家属的生活质量。以抗炎脱敏、免疫调节、恢复皮肤屏障为基础的传统AD治疗方案的短期疗效好,但不能预防疾病复发,且对部分难治性AD的疗效欠佳,对润肤剂、光疗法、中草药制剂、益生菌、生物制剂和基因疗法的研究有助于探索新的AD治疗方法。     

异位性皮炎的诊治(下)

4 并发症及相关病变 4.1对生活质量的影响:异位性皮炎可对患者的精神-社会行为发生影响,在严重病例还可造成生长迟缓。 4.2细菌感染:易于继发皮肤葡萄球菌或链球菌感染。临床上急性水疱性发疹多提示有继发性感染。