《神农本草经》木香考

中药木香最早记载于《神农本草经》。通过考察多种本草文献,发现《神农本草经》中的木香可能不是现代菊科木香类植物,而是沉香,因为从形态、气味、功效等方面综合判断,沉香与《本神农草经》中的木香相吻合。《神农本草经》中只有“木香”,而无“沉香”,陶弘景将“木香”与“沉香”一并记载于《名医别录》中,为后人的误识埋下了伏笔。自《唐本草》始认为“木香”主要为菊科的木香类草本植物,这种认识一直影响至今。马兜铃科藤本青木香在《唐本草》和《本草图经》等本草著作的“木香”条中均有记载,但不做“木香”药用的主流。     

清代对《神农本草经》的研究略论

对《神农本草经》(以下称《本经》)的研究。始于宋代王炎。明代卢复的《本草正经》则为现存诸辑本中最早的。入清后,研究《本经》之风日盛,成为清代本草学的特色之一。宏观地看,这种研究大致可分为三类:一类是辑录,即从前代本草中录出《本经》原文,或加考证而成书;一类是注解,即对《本经》药物酌加损益,参以注解;再一类是杂著。兹列表于下(见下页)。 至于吴世铠《本草经疏辑要》,乃系将明代缪希雍《本草经疏》删繁节要再加增补而成。《本草经疏》是“从《证类本草》中录出二百六十余种而为之疏”,并非《本经》的注解本,所以《本草经疏辑要》也不是《本经》注本。     

《神农本草经》到《证类本草》的递嬗关系

<正> 《神农本草经》(以下简称《本经》)是我国最早的药物学专著,祖国本草学是在它的基础上发展起来的。《本经》分总论(序文)与各论(药物具体内容)两部分。总论以十三条文字概括了药性总论。各论记述365味药物的性味、主治、     

《神农本草经》七情考

什么叫做“七情”?古人把单味药的应用以及药与药之间的配伍关系,总结为单行、相须、相使、相畏、相恶、相反、相杀等七个方面,称为药物的七情。 七情从什么时候开始记载的?是从《神农本草经》(简称《本经》)开始的。《本经》序例中有七情的记载,由于原书已佚,它的内容还保存在今日《证类本草》的白字中。兹以1957年人民卫生出版社所出《重修政和经史证类备用本草》(以下简称《证类》)中的白字研究之。     

《神农本草经》目录的讨论(上)

本文揭示《唐本草》在编纂时,把陶弘景所并条的锡铜镜鼻、文蛤、薤、赤小豆四条分出,使《唐本草》中的《本经》药由365种增加为369种。后又把陶弘景分条的麻子归并到麻条中,又误升麻为别录药,使369减少两种,就成367种。《证类本草》沿袭《唐本草》旧例,其白字《本经》药总数亦是367种。又由于三品位置移动,所以《证类本草》白字《本经》药三品位置皆不符上品120种,中品120种,下品125种的要求。本文以《本经》三品定义,对照《本经》各药条文内容,重新确定各药三品位置,拟定一个《本经》目录。     

《神农本草经》中与神志相关的药物归类分析——胡随瑜教授《神农本草经》讲记(四)

中医学言"情志"多,论"神志"少.后者不仅包含七情,还涉及神、魂、魄、意、志等.本讲从神与五志入手,对《神农本草经》(以下简称为《本经》)中与神志相关的药物进行归类分析,以了解古圣如何认知及应用本草,改善或健全脑功能,校正失衡的心理与情志,达到维持神志健康的目的.     

《神农本草经》中出现时代的讨论

一般文献说《神农本草经》书名出现在先秦,通过《汉书．艺文志》、马王堆汉墓出土文物、古籍命名历史、经书名称出现时代等论证,从而否定先秦有《神农本草经》书名出现。“本草”二字到西汉才有。西汉设有方土、本草官。汉成帝曾罢方土、本草等待诏７０余人归家,汉平帝又复诏在诏者数千人。被诏的本草人,撰写本草书,并托名神农,扦能取信于上级,从而获得本草待诏的机会。所以《神农本草经》书名的出现,是在西汉本草待诏的时代     

《神农本草经》书名出现时代的讨论

一般文献说《神农本草经》书名出现在先秦,通过《汉书·艺文志》、马王堆汉墓出土文物、古籍命名历史、经书名称出现时代等论证,从而否定先秦有《神农本草经》书名出现。“本草”二字到西汉*才有。西汉设有方士、本草官。汉成帝曾罢方士、本草等待诏70余人归家,汉平帝又复诏之,应诏者数千人。被诏的本草人,撰写本草书,并托名神农,卑能取信于上级,从而获得本草待诏的机会。所以《神农本草经》书名的出现,是在西汉本草待诏的时代。     

从《神农本草经》古本佚文看"神农""本草"经文的差异

现在流传的《神农本草经》基本都辑录自宋代编成的《证类本草》,其根源又是梁代陶弘景所编的《本草经集注》,并不能完全反映该书的原貌。通过对《太平御览》《道藏》等古籍中保留的《神农本草经》古本佚文进行考察,可以发现古本《神农本草经》可大致区分为"神农"与"本草"两系不同的经文。"神农"一系经文主要是药物理论及神仙方术理论,"本草"一系经文则主要是对药物的分条目论述,二者大致对应于今本《神农本草经》的序录及正文,可以推测今本《神农本草经》或是由此两系经书融合而成。     

《神农本草经》目录的讨论(下)

三、对照《本经》序文三品定义来确定《本经》药物三品位置 《本经》云:“上品一百二十种,中品一百二十种,下品一百二十五种。” 但《证类本草》目录白字本经药,经统计,上品是一百四十一种,多二十一种;中品一百一十三种,少七种;下品一百零五种,少二十种。 为什么会有多有少呢?就是因为三品位置被移动的缘故,使《本经》药物三品数字不符。为着使《本经》药物三品数字符合,对《证类本草》白字本经药三品位置,必须重新研究。研究的方法,就是用《证类本草》白字序文上、中、下三品定义,对《证     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…