EXPRESSION CHANGES OF NUCLEAR FACTOR kBp65 AND CYCLIND1 IN 4-NITROQUINOLINE 1-OXIDE-INDUCED RAT TONGUE CARCINOGENESIS

Objective To observe the different expression of NF-kBp65 and cyclinD1 during oral carcinogenesis and to analyze the relationship between the abnormal expression of NF-kBp65 , cyclinD1, and the occurrence and development of oral carcinogenesis. Methods The streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase （S-P） immunohistochemical method was employed to detect the expression of NF-kBp65 and cyclinD1 protein in 38 rat tongue carcinogenesis specimens induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. Results With the progress of tongue carcinogenesis, the expression of NF-kBp65, cyclinD1 was up-regulated. In normal, mild epithelial dysplasia, moderate epithelial dysplasia, severe epithelial dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and squamous cell carcinoma （SCC）, the positive rate of NF-kBp65 was 20%, 20%, 50%, 62.5%, 50% and 83.33%, respectively. There was significant differences between normal and SCC （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; while the level of cyclinD1 was 20%, 60%, 62. 5%, 87. 5% , 100% and 83. 33%, respec- tively. There was significant differences between normal and severe epithelial dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and SCC （ P 〈0.01 or P 〈 0. 05 ）. There was a significant correlation between the increased levels of NF-kBp65, cyclinD1 and histopathological grade. The positive expression of NF-kBp65 was also associated with cyclinD1 in SCC （ r = 0. 7353, P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion The up-expression of NF-kBp65 and cyclinD1 protein may be correlated to the occurrence and the development of oral carcinoma ; activated NF-kB plays an important role in the overexpression of cyclinD1. Furthermore, NF-kB and cyclinD1 may be the useful biomarker of oral precancerous lesion.     

A scanning electron microscope study on the gallbladder mucosa in chronic cholecystitis

Three kinds of chronic cholecystifis were investigated with SEM.The results showed thatin the mild chronic cholecystitis,pathological changes represented mainly the collapse on the surfaceof the mucosa and the separation of the columnar cells;while in the moderate ones,erosivechanges on the surface of the epithelium were revealed and in the severe chronic cholecystitis,patchy desquamation of the columnar cells occurred as a result,the lamina propria and thefibro-connective tissue under lamina propria were exposed.In all the three types of the cholecysfitis,mucoid droplets and cholesterol crystals could be seen on the surface of the epithelium.Differentnumbers of lymphocytes were found in the lamina propria.     

Health related quality of life among patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease in China

Background Chronic graft-versus-host disease （GVHD）,the commonest long-term complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation （HSCT）,has a negative impact on patients＇ health related quality of life （HRQoL）.This study was designed to investigate the HRQoL in patients with chronic GVHD in China.Methods Two hundred and sixty-four patients with chronic GVHD who were ＞24 months post-HSCT and had been in continuous complete remission since HSCT were enrolled in this retrospective study.HRQoL was evaluated using an SF-36 questionnaire.Multivariate analysis was used to identify the factors that affect HRQoL in patients with chronic GVHD.Results HRQoL in patients categorized as having mild and moderate chronic GVHD was significantly better than in those in the severe category.In the moderate chronic GVHD category,markedly poorer HRQoL was observed in patients with both multiple organ involvement and more severe organ impairment than in those without these factors.According to multivariate analysis,chronic GVHD severity had the greatest significant negative impact on patients＇ HRQoL; whereas being female was associated with a negative impact on psychological health.Conclusion Chronic GVHD severity strongly correlates with negative impacts on patients＇ HRQoL.     

Effect of smoking cessation on airway inflammation of rats with chronic bronchitis

Background Smoking is the major cause of airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）, and smoking cessation is regarded as one of the important strategies for prevention and treatment of the inflammation. The inflammation of the chronic airway may be present and deteriorated even if the COPD patients stop smoking. Whether and how early smoking cessation affects the progress of inflammation is still obscure. This study was conducted to find the appropriate time for smoking cessation to terminate the airway inflammation in rats with smoke-induced chronic bronchitis. Methods A rat model of COPD was established by passively inhaling smoke mixture. Fifty-four young male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 9 groups with different periods of smoke exposure and different time points of cessation. The inflammation markers to be detected included inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF）, the myeloperoxidose （MPO） activity, the morphologic changes and the expression of ICAM-1 on the airway epithelium. Results When smoking was terminated at early stage, the inflammatory markers and related indexes were different from those of the typical chronic bronchitis group （group M7） （P〈0.01）. The pathologic score of group SC7 （2 weeks of smoking cessation after occurrence of typical chronic bronchitis ） was not different from that of group M7, and the level of ICAM-1 was still up-regulated （compared to group M7, P〉0.05）. Meanwhile, most of inflammatory cells in BALF were neutrophils compared to other groups （P〈0.01）.When smoking was terminated, the MPO activity was significantly lower than that of group M7 （P〈0.01）. Conclusions Smoking cessation at early stage can effectively inhibit the inflammatory reaction of COPD. Once chronic bronchitis occurs, little could be improved by smoking cessation.     

Application of a new-type sutureless anastomosis stent to the primary reconstruction of the bilioenteric continuity after acute bile duct injury in dogs

Objective： To evaluate the effect of a new-type sutureless magnetic bilioenteric anastomosis stent that was used to reconstruct the bilioenteric continuity （primarily under the circumstances of severe inflammation after acute bile duct injury in dogs ）. Methods： Establishing an animal model of acute bile duct injury with severe inflammation and bile peritonitis in dogs. The newtype sutureless magnetic bilioenteric anastomosis stent was used to reconstruct the bilioenteric continuity primarily. Results： The experiment group anastomosis healed well with a mild local inflammation reaction, and the collagen lined up in order without the occurrence of observable bile leakage and infection. Conclusion： It was safe and feasible to use the new-type anastomosis stent to reconstruct the bilioenteric continuity primarily under the circumstances of severe inflammation after acute bile duct injury in dogs.     

Two Hundred and Fifty-eight Cases of Hemoptysis Treated byInjection of Vitamin K3 into Chize Point

Injection of vitamin K_3 into Chize (LU 5) was used from 1980 to 1992 in 258 inpatients suffering fromdiseases of the respiratory system accompanied with hemoptysis. As a result, the effective rate was 83%for mild hemoptysis and 72.1% for moderate hemoptysis in the treatment group, as compared to 48.5%and 45.2% respectively in control group A, and to 83.8% and 75% in control group B. There was asignificant difference between the treatment group and control group A (P<0.01). However, the effectiverate was only 31.8% for severe hemoptysis in the treatment group, as compared to 81.3% in control groupB with a significant difference. It is therefor concluded that injection of vitamin K_3 into Chize is a goodtherapy for mild or moderate hemoptysis but not for severe cases.     

Fifteen infectious diseases have been enrolled in the national immunization drive

Background Several kinds of intercellular adhesion molecules closely relate to hepatitis B. The complex of CD2 and CD58 plays an important role in enhancing the adhesion of T lymphocytes to target cells, hyperplasia and activation of T lymphocytes. In this study, we explored the relationship between the expression of CD58 in liver tissue and chronic hepatitus B infection. Methods We determined the expression of the CD58 molecule on the surface of hepatoc~es by using immunohistochemistry and the levels of serum HBV DNA from patients with HBV infection and from normal controls. The biochemical parameters of hepatic function were analyzed as well. Results CD58 expression in hepatocytes significantly increased with the severity progression of chronic HBV infection. The IOD levels （log10） of CD58 in the control, mild, moderate, and severe chronic HBV infection groups were 0, （7.20±4.64）×10^3, （25.63±7.41）×10^3 and （37.47±11.17）×10^3 respectively （P〈O.05 compared with the control group, respectively） Conclusion CD58 probably increases cell mediated immunity to eliminate hepatitis B virus and leads to damage of hepatocytes.     

Surgical correction of hypertelorism. Report of 40 cases.

Forty patients with hypertelorism seen in the past 16 years were reviewed retrospectively. Combined intra- and extracranial surgical approach was used for 37 severe and moderate cases and subcranial approach (U-osteotomy) for 3 moderate cases. Gratifying results were obtained in patients with different types of hypertelorism by a multidisciplinary team. Complications were also reviewed. Of the 37 cases of intra- and extracranial corrections, 1 died, 4 had cerebrospinal fluid leakage and 4 had keratitis. No seizure, cerebral edema, meningitis, blindness, and ptosis occurred in this series. The average age was 13 years and two months. Operating time averaged 6 hours and 50 minutes. Hypertelorism was mostly attributable to craniofacial cleft, craniosynostosis, frontoethmoidal meningoencephalocele, frontonasal fibrous dysplasia, and trauma. Satisfactory esthetic appearance was achieved in most of the cases.

     

Fascin在膀胱尿路上皮癌中的表达及意义

目的 探讨Fascin在膀胱尿路上皮癌中的表达及意义.方法 采用免疫组化S-P法检测Fascin在10例膀胱癌旁粘膜、20例腺性膀胱炎及109例膀胱尿路上皮癌中的表达情况.结果 Fascin在10例癌旁粘膜组织中均不表达,在20例腺性膀胱炎中仅2例表达（2/20）,在109例膀胱尿路上皮癌中的表达阳性率为83.5％ （91/109）.癌旁粘膜组与腺性膀胱炎组织比较无差异（P＞0.05）、癌旁粘膜组与膀胱尿路上皮癌组、腺性膀胱炎组与膀胱尿路上皮癌组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;Fascin的表达与膀胱尿路上皮癌的组织学分级、临床分期及淋巴结转移有关（P＜0.05）,与患者的性别及肿瘤是否多发无关（P＞0.05）.结论 提示Fascin的表达与膀胱尿路上皮癌的侵袭转移有关,检测Fascin的表达有助于判断膀胱尿路上皮癌的预后.     

fascin蛋白在76例胃癌中的表达及其与临床、病理因素的关系

目的:探讨fascin蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法:收集76例胃癌病例的临床病理资料,用免疫组织化学方法检测胃癌组织及自身对照正常胃壁组织中fascin蛋白表达。结果:正常胃壁组织无fascin表达,76例胃癌中有24例(31.6%)fascin表达阳性,而且其表达与胃癌WHO病理组织学分类、TNM分期、浆膜侵犯、淋巴结转移及远处转移相关,与年龄、性别无统计学相关性。结论:fascin蛋白在部分胃癌中呈阳性表达,并与胃癌局部侵袭和转移相关;它有助于胃癌患者的预后判断。     

汕头地区鼻腔、鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤中人乳头状瘤病毒的表达及意义

目的：研究汕头地区鼻腔、鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤中人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）蛋白的表达,并探讨HPV在内翻性乳头状瘤发生、发展过程中的意义。方法：用免疫组化EnVision两步法对49例鼻腔、鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤和11例鼻慢性炎症及鼻炎性息肉石蜡标本进行HPV（广谱型）蛋白表达的检测。结果：①HPV蛋白在鼻腔、鼻窦单纯内翻性乳头状瘤和内翻性乳头状瘤癌变/乳头状癌两组中均有表达,总HPV阳性感染率为34.7%（17/49）,而11例鼻慢性炎症及鼻炎性息肉组织中均无表达。②HPV阳性感染率在34例单纯内翻性乳头状瘤组织中为38.2%（13/34）,在15例内翻性乳头状瘤癌变/乳头状癌中为26.7%（4/15）,其组间的HPV阳性率无统计学意义。③鼻慢性炎症及鼻炎性息肉组与鼻腔、鼻窦单纯内翻性乳头状瘤和内翻性乳头状瘤癌变/乳头状癌组组间的HPV阳性率均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：HPV感染可能与鼻腔、鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤和内翻性乳头状瘤癌变/乳头状癌的发生密切相关,但与鼻腔、鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤的癌变过程的关系有待进一步研究。     

p53蛋白和ki-67蛋白在食管鳞癌、癌前病变的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨食管鳞癌、癌前病变、正常黏膜p53蛋白和ki-67蛋白的表达及临床意义。方法应用免疫组织化学SP法检测35例食管鳞癌、18例轻度不典型增生、11例重度不典型增生、18例食管正常上皮p53蛋白和ki-67蛋白的表达。结果正常黏膜及轻度不典型增生与重度不典型增生、食管鳞癌p53阳性率比较差别有统计学意义（P〈0．01），正常黏膜与轻度不典型增生之间、重度不典型增生与食管鳞癌p53阳性率比较差别无统计学意义（P〉0．05），p53表达与鳞癌分级及淋巴结转移无关（P〉0．05）。正常黏膜与轻度不典型增生、轻度不典型增生与食管鳞癌ki-67阳性检出率比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）、轻度不典型增生与重度不典型增生ki-67阳性检出率比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05），重度不典型增生与食管鳞癌、中-高分化鳞癌与低分化鳞癌ki-67高表达率比较有统计学意义（P〈0．01，P〈0．05），ki-67表达与淋巴结转移无关（P〉0．05）。p53与ki-67表达呈正相关（P〈0．01）。结论p53基因的缺失或突变在食管鳞癌的早期阶段；联合检测P53与ki-67作为筛选癌前高危个体可能更有意义。     

宫颈脱落细胞中瘦素的表达在宫颈癌筛查中的应用价值

目的 寻求一种新的早期筛查官颈癌的方法。方法 免疫组织化学技术检测13例慢性宫颈炎、46例不同程度宫颈不典型增生、15例原位癌和20例官颈鳞癌组织中瘦素的表达情况，同时免疫细胞化学技术检测以上各病例宫颈脱落细胞中瘦素的表达。结果 慢性宫颈炎、不典型增生、原位癌至宫颈鳞癌组织、细胞涂片瘦素阳性表达率呈明显增加趋势；不典型增生与慢性宫颈炎组织中瘦素的表达无显著性差异（P〉0．05），原位癌、宫颈鳞癌组织中瘦素表达与慢性宫颈炎相比，差异有极显著性意义（均P〈0．01）；宫颈脱落细胞中轻、中度不典型增生与慢性宫颈炎组织瘦素表达无差异（均P〉0．05），重度不典型增生、原位癌及宫颈鳞癌与慢性宫颈炎瘦素阳性表达差异均有极显著性意义（均P〈0．01）。结论 瘦素是官颈癌中的生物标记物，宫颈脱落细胞中瘦素表达的测定可能成为一种筛查宫颈癌高危人群的方法。     

Fascin在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及临床意义

目的检测Fascin在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达情况,并探讨其临床意义。方法用免疫组织化学法检测72例乳腺浸润性导管癌及配对癌旁组织中Fascin蛋白的表达和定位,以21例乳腺良性病变（10例乳腺纤维腺瘤、5例单纯性乳腺导管上皮增生和6例乳腺小叶增生）做为对照,收集病例临床病理资料,统计分析浸润性导管癌中Fascin的表达变化及与临床病理参数的相关性。结果Fascin蛋白在浸润性导管癌、癌旁乳腺组织、乳腺良性病变中的表达阳性率分别为26-39％（19／72）、0．14％（1／72）和0％（0／21）,浸润性导管癌中Fascin蛋白的表达明显高于癌旁乳腺及乳腺良性病变（P值均〈0．01）;浸润性导管癌中Fascin的表达与临床TNM分期、肿瘤病理分级和淋巴结转移相关（P值均〈0．05）;ER或PR阴性的浸润性导管癌病例Fascin表达阳性率更高（P值均〈0．05）。结论Fascin蛋白的检测对评价乳腺浸润性导管癌生物学行为和预后具有一定的参考价值,也有望成为一个乳腺癌的治疗靶点。     

Fascin蛋白在肿瘤中的表达及其临床应用价值研究进展

Fascin蛋白是一种肌动蛋白结合蛋白,主要表达于间叶组织和神经系统。近年来研究发现,很多人类肿瘤出现fascin蛋白的阳性表达,并且与肿瘤的侵袭转移以及患者的预后密切相关。而fascin基因在正常组织中却呈现低表达或不表达。本文讨论fascin基因编码的fascin蛋白表达上调对肿瘤细胞生物行为的意义并探讨其判断患者预后标记物和治疗靶点的前景。     

E-cadherin和Fascin在子宫内膜样腺癌联合表达的临床病理意义

目的 探讨上皮性钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)和肌动蛋白聚合蛋白(Fascin)在子宫内膜样腺癌及前驱病变组织中的表达及临床意义。方法采用免疫组化法检测50例子宫内膜样腺癌、20例非典型子宫内膜增生、20例不伴非典型性子宫内膜增生和20例正常增殖期子宫内膜组织E-cadherin和Fascin蛋白表达,并与子宫内膜样腺癌的临床病理特征相联系。结果E-cadherin在子宫内膜样腺癌和非典型内膜增生组织中的异常表达明显高于其它内膜病变(P<0.05);Fascin蛋白高表达仅见于子宫内膜样腺癌,表达程度明显高于正常内膜和前驱病变(P<0.05)。E-cadherin异常表达和Fascin高表达均与肌层浸润深度及FIGO分期相关,但与淋巴结转移无关(P>0.05)。结论E-cadherin和Fascin协同参与子宫内膜腺上皮癌变过程,两者联合检测有助于鉴别子宫内膜样腺癌及其前驱病变。     

肿瘤转移生物标记物——Fascin基因研究进展

Fascin蛋白是一种肌动蛋白结合蛋白，主要表达于间叶组织和神经系统。近来研究发现，很多人类肿瘤出现fascin基因的阳性表达，并且与肿瘤的恶性程度以及患者的生存率密切相关，而fascin基因在正常组织中却表现出低表达或不表达。本文将讨论fascin基因在肿瘤中表达上调对肿瘤细胞生物行为的意义以及探讨fascin基因作为新的早期诊断标记物和治疗靶点的前景。     

不同类型鼻内乳头状瘤与HPV感染的关系

目的 :探讨不同类型的鼻内乳头状瘤与人乳头状瘤病毒 (HPV)感染的关系。方法 :按照 1991年WHO的上呼吸道肿瘤分类法 ,鼻内乳头状瘤病理标本 30例中 ,外生性乳头状瘤 7例 ,内翻性乳头状瘤 18例 ,柱状细胞乳头状瘤 5例。采用多聚酶链反应 (PCR)和免疫组化 (IH)法分别检测标本中与HPV相关的DNA和PV结构的抗原 ,并以 5例鼻息肉为对照。结果 :7例外生性乳头状瘤组织中 5例 (72 % )HPV阳性 ;18例内翻性乳头状瘤仅 1例 (5 .8% )阳性 ;5例柱状细胞乳头状瘤及对照组鼻息肉 5例中均未检出阳性。外生性乳头状瘤组中HPV的检出率与其他各组差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :HPV感染与外生性乳头状瘤的发生过程密切相关 ,与内翻性乳头状瘤和柱状细胞乳头状瘤的病因无明显相关性。对内翻性乳头状瘤的治疗目前采用干扰素及转移因子等药物治疗效果有待进一步探讨 ,以手术治疗为主较妥。