经皮穿刺弹簧圈封堵动脉导管未闭临床应用的初步报告

目的：评价经皮穿刺弹簧圈封堵动脉导管未闭（PDA）的方法和疗效。方法：PDA最狭窄处1。7～4．0mm（3．15±0．52mm），PDA长度3．0～12．6mm。采用Jackson可控制脱离、回收弹簧圈，经皮穿刺封堵动脉导管未闭（PDA）。结果：封堵术后PDA完全闭塞；无并发症发生．；3～12个月随诊未见残余分流及再通发生，疗效满意。结论：本方法是-安全、少创、有效的非开胸手术治疗PDA新方法。     

应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗先天性心脏病68例

目的：评价Amplatzer封堵器在继发也型房间隔缺损（OSD）和动脉导管未闭（PDA）的介入治疗中的可靠性、安全性和疗效。方法：采用Amplatzer封堵器治疗38例OSD与30例PDA患者，术后24小时，1，3，6月及1年行超声心动图检查，观察封堵效果及无并发症。结果：37例（97．4％）OSD患者成功置入Amplatzer封堵器，其中34例（91．9％），显示即刻封堵完全，3例（8．1％）存在微－少量残余分流。1例28岁男性术后第4天发生无Q波心肌梗死。随访中，未见封堵器移位及再通，右心房、室有不同程度缩小，2例残余分流消失；PDA最窄处直径为2．5－12（平均5．3）mm。29例用PDA封堵器，1例有重度肺动脉高压的粗大PDA采用Amplatzer房封堵器治疗。19例（63．3％）显示即刻封堵完全，所有病例术后24小时（1例48小时）的彩色多普勒检查均未见残余分流。1例发生机械性溶血。随访期中，未出现封堵器移位，、残余分流及再通。结论：用Amplatzer封堵器治疗OSD和PDA是一种安全有效的非外科手术方法，操作简便，创伤小，成功率高。超声心动图在术前、术中、术后均发挥了重要作用。近期疗效满意，远期效果尚需进一步观察。     

蘑菇伞封堵器介入治疗婴幼儿动脉导管未闭的临床疗效研究

目的：评价蘑菇伞封堵器经导管介入治疗婴幼儿动脉导管未闭（patent ductus arteriosus,PDA）的临床疗效．方法：2002—12／2008-06我科对婴幼儿PDA78（男28,女50）例实施经导管介入治疗,年龄8—36（15．8±5．6）mo,体质量7．8—17．5（12．0±4．3）kg;行右心导管检查测定肺动脉压力、主动脉压力,行主动脉弓降部造影,确定PDA位置、形状及大小,PDA最窄处内径1．5—14．3（4．3±3．1）mm．以蘑菇伞堵堵器行介入治疗．术后24h及1,3,6,12mo行彩色多普勒超声心动图检查．结果：78例患儿中74例（94．9％）封堵器植入成功．1例主动脉造影后PDA粗大（14．3mm）,呈C型,采用最大型号封堵器轻易拉过PDA,该例放弃封堵术,转外科手术治愈．1例为PDA封堵器主动脉侧过大,导致降主动脉局部狭窄、迂曲变形而放弃封堵．1例PDA并发重度肺动脉高压试封堵后30min肺动脉收缩压无下降,反而有轻度上升,考虑为阻力性重度肺动脉高压,撤出封堵器．1例封堵术后封堵器周围大量残余分流,行外科手术治疗．余74例术后30min主动脉弓降部造影显示52例（70．3％）封堵完全,22例（29．7％）可见极少量残余分流,术后24h心脏彩超复查71例（95．9％）封堵完全,3例（4．1％）有少量残余分流,术后1mm彩超复查皆无残余分流;无再通和堵闭器移位等并发症发生．结论：在严格选择适应证的条件下,应用蘑菇伞经导管封堵治疗婴幼儿PDA是一种安全、简便、有效、创伤小、恢复快的方法,值得推广应用．     

Amplatzer法封堵治疗房间隔缺损及动脉导管未闭--附56例临床观察

目的探讨应用Amplatzer法封堵治疗房间隔缺损及动脉导管未闭的临床疗效及价值。方法回顾性分析我院收治的56例患者的临床资料。结果56例患者，其中房间隔缺损11例，动脉导管未闭45例，年龄5个月至70岁，均在X线透视、造影及经胸超声心动图监视下经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器治疗。术后48小时、1个月，3个月及6个月行经胸超声及X线胸片检查随访，全组56例封堵器置入均获成功，技术成功率100％。术后即刻经胸超声及造影显示38例(67．9％)无残余分流，18例(32．1％)存在微～少量残余分流。48小时后心脏超声显示分流完全消失53例(94．6％)，微量残余分流3例(5．4％)。术后随访6个月，所有病例无残余分流及封堵器脱落。但有1例PDA封堵后8小时并发溶血，经过内科治疗无效，术后48小时外科手术取出封堵器并进行缝合治疗。结论Amplatzer法是治疗房间隔缺损和动脉导管未闭的一种操作简单、技术成功率高、疗效可靠易行的介入方法。     

应用国产Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭26例疗效观察

目的评价国产Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗动脉导管未闭即刻和近期疗效。方法全组经导管堵闭PDA26例，男9例，女17例，年龄（3—54）岁，体重（8～72）kg。均经超声心动图确诊。5F、6F或7F置入Amplatzer封堵器。术后10min行左侧位降主动脉造影，术后24～72h、1周、1个月、6个月行超声心动图检查观察封堵效果及有无并发症。结果全组技术成功率100％。术后即刻所有患者胸骨左缘第二肋间连续性杂音消失，10min后行左侧位降主动脉造影示24例完全堵闭（92．3％），2例存在极少量残余分流，但无溶血。且48h后超声心动图示该分流消失。动脉导管最狭窄处直径为2．9～12．0mm。术后l周、1个月、6个月行超声心动图检查无残余分流及动脉导管未闭再通。结论应用国产Amp1atzer封堵器治疗PDA是一种安全、微创的介入性治疗方法，近期疗效可靠，成功率高，操作简便，是目前治疗动脉导管未闭最理想的方法。     

超声心动图对蘑菇伞封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭的随访

目的　探讨超声心动图在随访蘑菇伞封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭 (PDA)中的作用。　方法　选择经蘑菇伞封堵器治疗后的 PDA患者 2 4例 ,应用超声心动图进行封堵疗效观察及心脏功能变化随访 ,平均随访 10个月。　结果　 2 DE:在位封堵器呈“工”字形 ,在主、肺动脉侧应无占位作用。本组未见封堵器占位效应。CDFI:可见中央性分流和 /或边缘性分流。本组有 1例封堵后边缘性残余分流宽度为 3mm ,未予更换封堵器而出现术后溶血 ;1例边缘性残余分流宽度为 2 .5 m m ,术后 2 0个月仍有残余分流 ;1例术后有少量残余分流 ,10天后分流消失。封堵术后 10个月随访肺动脉压、左房室内径均显著下降。　结论　超声心动图对 PDA封堵治疗术后残余分流观察、血流动力学评价有较好的应用价值     

应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭疗效观察

目的　应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭 (patentductusarteriosus ,PDA)并评价其临床疗效。 方法　 7例患者 ,女 2例 ,男 5例 ,年龄 2 .5～ 5 6岁 ,体重 10 .0～ 73 .5kg ,均经超声心动图确诊。术中行右心导管测压后 ,进行主动脉弓降部造影 ,以确定PDA的位置、形状及最窄直径。选择大于所测PDA最窄直径 3～ 6mm的封堵器 ,于透视下经输送鞘管将其封堵于PDA处。 10分钟后重复造影 ,若封堵器形状、位置满意 ,无或仅有微～少量残余分流时 ,可释放封堵器。术后 1周 ,1～ 6个月行超声心动图、心血管摄片检查 ,观察残余分流情况、封堵器位置及心脏大小的变化。结果　主动脉弓降部造影显示PDA均呈管型 ,PDA最窄直径平均为 5 .5± 3 .1mm ( 3 .0～ 11.8mm )。均有肺动脉高压 ,其中轻度 6例 ,重度 1例。 7例封堵器均放置成功。造影示 6例即刻完全封堵 ,1例有微量残余分流 ,此患者术后 18小时发生急性溶血 ,经内科保守治疗治愈 ,术后 1个月彩色多普勒超声心动图示残余分流消失 ,随访 6个月 7例患者心脏均有不同程度缩小。结论　应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗PDA是一种方法简便 ,成功率高 ,近期疗效可靠的介入方法     

Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗小儿先天性心脏病23例

对18例小儿动脉导管未闭（PDA）、4例房间隔缺损（ASD）、1例室间隔缺损均经导管由静脉途径置入Amplatzer封堵器，术中即刻造影或心脏超声检查证实封堵完全，术后1d、1个月行超声心动图检查观察有无残余分流。结果：23例均封堵成功，24h复查心脏彩超提示21例封堵完全，2例PDA残余分流，1周和1个月后复查分流均消失。1例PDA合并Ps者，鉴于跨肺动脉瓣膜的压力阶差aP29mmHg，仅封堵PDA；1例外科修补术后残余分流的多发室间隔缺损，术中造影证实为上下位排列的2处、直径为2mm和5mm、较为接近的分流口，选择腰部直径为6mm的偏心型Amplatzer VSD封堵器封堵其中大的分流口，造影显示完全封堵其中大的分流口，同时部分性阻断小的分流口，超声和造影显示另一分流口直径在1～2mm以内，达到预期的效果。认为只需病例选择得当，经导管介入治疗PDA、ASD、VSD是适用于小儿的安全有效、操作简便治疗方法。     

经导管介入治疗先天性心脏病疗效分析

目的 评价封堵器经导管介入在治疗动脉导管未闭（PDA）、房间隔缺损（ASD）及室间隔缺损（VSD）中的疗效与安全性。方法 回顾性分析本院2000年1月至2005年6月应用封堵器经导管介入治疗的PDA、ASD及VSD患者55例临床资料。55例先天性心脏病患者（PDA33例，ASDl6例。VSD6例）均在X线透视及造影和超声心动图监视下经导管置入封堵器治疗PDA、ASD及VSD。术后分别于1～3d复查超声心动图，随访1个月～3年。结果 PDA封堵成功率94％，ASD封堵成功率88％，VSD封堵成功率100％。封堵成功的患者均于术后24h、1个月～3年行经胸超声心动图检查和随访，均无残余分流和并发症，右心房、右心室内径均有不同程度的缩小，左、右心室功能得到了改善，生活质量良好。结论 经导管置入封堵器是治疗PDA、ASD和VSD的一种操作简便、技术成功率和安全性高、创伤小、并发症少、疗效可靠的治疗方法，应用封堵器介入治疗应该成为PDA、ASD及VSD治疗的首要选择。     

应用国产封堵器介入封堵动脉导管未闭的疗效观察

目的评价国产封堵器介入封堵动脉导管未闭(PDA)的疗效及安全性。方法应用国产封堵器介入封堵31例PDA患者,PDA最窄处φ为2·4~15·1(5·9±2·4)mm。术后平均随访3~36(15·4±10·2)月,超声心动图(UCG)评价封堵的效果并观察有无并发症。结果全组技术成功率为100%;术后肺动脉平均收缩压较术前显著降低(P<0·01);术后10min主动脉造影示,无残余分流26例(占83·9%),微量分流4例及少量分流1例(占16·1%),术后24~48h UCG示仅1例有极少量的残余分流,术后1月UCG示全部患者均无残余分流;所有患者均无并发症,随访期间增大的左室腔及心功能均改善。结论使用国产封堵器介入封堵PDA患者,近中期疗效确切、使用安全、适应证广、价格经济等特点。     

A Retrospective Study of 1526 Cases of Transcatheter Occlusion of Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Background:

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is one of the most common congenital heart diseases and began to get treated by transcatheter occlusion since 1997 in China. Since then, several devices have been invented for occluding PDA. This study aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility, safety, and efficacy of transcatheter occlusion of PDA with different devices.

Methods:

One thousand five hundred and twenty-six patients (537 boys, 989 girls) with PDA from January 1997 to September 2014 underwent descending aortogram and transcatheter occlusion procedure. We retrospectively analyzed data of these patients, including gender, age, weight, size and morphology of PDA, and devices used in transcatheter occlusion, outcomes, and postoperational complications.

Results:

Median age and median weight were 4.0 years (range: 0.3–52.0 years old) and 15.3 kg (range: 4.5–91.0 kg), respectively. Mean ductal diameter, aortic ductal diameter, ductal length, and pulmonary artery pressure were 3.50 ± 2.15 mm, 10.08 ± 2.46 mm, 7.49 ± 3.02 mm, and 30.21 ± 17.28 mmHg, respectively. Morphology of PDA assessed by descending aortogram was of type A in 1428 patients, type B in 6 patients, type C in 79 patients, type D in 4 patients, and type E in 9 patients according to the classification of Krichenko. Of all the 1526 patients, 1497 patients underwent transcatheter PDA closure, among which 1492 were successful. Devices used were Amplatzer duct occluder I (ADO I, 1280, 85.8%), Cook detachable coils (116, 7.8%), ADO II (ADO II, 68, 4.6%), muscular VSD occluder (12, 0.8%), and Amplatzer vascular plug (16, 1.0%).

Conclusions:

Excellent occlusion rates with low complication rates were achieved with all devices regardless of PDA types. With transcatheter occlusion technique and devices developing, more patients with PDA can be treated with transcatheter closure both safely and efficiently.     

Comparison of long-term clinical outcome between transcatheter Amplatzer occlusion and surgical closure of isolated patent ductus arteriosus

Background Transcatheter Amplatzer occlusion of patent ductus artertiosus （PDA） has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to surgical closure. The goal of this study was to compare long-term clinical outcomes between two procedures, especially on chronic residual shunt, late or very late procedure-related complications, and regression of pulmonary hypertension and left ventricular dilation.
Methods A total 255 patients having isolated PDA with a minimal diameter of ≥4 mm treated from January 2000 to July 2003 were included in this study and have been followed up until July 2008. The patients were assigned to either the device or surgical closure group according to the patients＇ and/or their parents＇ preference. Baseline physical exams, chest roentgenography, electrocardiography, and echocardiography were performed preprocedure and at each follow-up. Results Seventy-two patients accepted the transcatheter procedure （Group-TC） and 183 underwent surgical operation （Group-SO） for PDA closure, both groups were similar in their demographics and preoperative clinical characteristics. There were no cardiac deaths and late complications such as infectious endocarditis and Amplatzer duct occluder （ADO） dislodge in either group. More acute procedure-related complications were recorded in Group-SO （13.7%） compared with Group-TC （1.4%） （P=0.004）. The recovery time was （8.7±2.3） days for the Group-SO and （1.3＋0.5） days for the Group-TC （P〈0.001）. The survival freedom from persistent residual shunt, defined as residual shunt that can not resolve automatically, was 91.3% for Group-SO and 98.6% for Group-TC （P=0.037 by Log-rank test）. There was no significant difference in regression of pulmonary hypertension and left ventricular dilation; neither survival freedom from pulmonary hypertension nor abnormal left ventricular end-diastolic volume index were significantly different between the surgical group and the Amplatzer group.
Conclusions Our study confirmed the long-term safety and efficacy of transcatheter Amplatzer occlusion. In comparison to the time-proven surgical closure, transcatheter Amplatzer occlusion was less invasive and associated with fewer complications and residual shunt, and as effective in the regression of pulmonary hypertension and left ventricular dilation.     

TRANSCATHETER CLOSURE OF PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS

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Transcatheter Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Atrial Septal Defects Using the Amplatzer Occluder

ＩＮＴＲＯＵＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌｏ ｃｌｌｕｓｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅ ｐａｔｅｎｔｄｕｃｔｕｓａｒｔｅｒｉｏｕｓｕｓ(ＰＤＡ )ｉｎ1967[1] ,ｖａｒｉｏｕｓｄｅｖｉｃｅｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄａｎｄｔｅｓｔ ｅｄｂｕｎｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｉｓｆｕｌｌｙｓａｔｉｆａｃｔｏｒｙ .ＴｈｅＡｍ ｐａｌａｔｚｅｒｏｃｃｌｕｄｅｒｉｓａｎｅｗｄｅｖｉｃｅｗｉｔｈｅａｓｙｐｌａｃｅｍｅｎｔ.Ｉｔｉｓｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｔｏｈａｖｅｈｉｇｈｅ…     

经导管封堵治疗儿童动脉导管未闭

目的:观察不同封堵器治疗儿童动脉导管未闭(patentductusarteriosus,PDA)的结果。方法:体检及经胸二维超声心动图(trans-thoracicechocardiograph,TTE)诊断为PDA的儿童,用原所报道过的方法作心导管检查、降主动脉造影及PDA封堵术。0.7~14岁的儿童行封堵术者78例,其中行螺旋弹簧(coil)治疗者16例;行Amplatzerductoccluder(ADO)治疗者9例;行国产PDA封堵器治疗者53例。结果:78例封堵成功,术后次日TTE检查,76例PDA完全堵塞,2例用coil堵塞者有少量残余分流。术前64例左室舒张末期内径增大者术后明显缩小。用ADO和PDA封堵器堵塞的62例无残余分流。3月末TTE检查,77例PDA完全堵塞,左室内径完全正常,1例用coil堵塞者仍有少量残余分流,且持续4年以上。追踪3~80平均(30±8)月,77例PDA完全堵闭,左室大小正常,降主动脉、左肺动脉口无明显狭窄,无封堵器械脱落。结论:用ADO,国产PDA封堵器和coil可安全有效地治愈儿童PDA。因创伤小,并发症少,远期无不良反应,可替代开胸手术。     

经导管介入治疗动脉导管未闭的疗效评价

目的观察经导管封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭(Patentductusarterious,PDA)的临床疗效。方法对31例PDA患者应用国产蘑菇伞动脉导管封堵器,经静脉途径行封堵治疗,合并肺动脉瓣狭窄者,先行球囊扩张术,再行PDA封堵治疗;合并房间隔缺损者,先行PDA封堵治疗,后行房间隔缺损封堵术。术后即刻X线造影观察疗效,24h、1个月、3个月、1年应用超声心动图评价治疗效果。结果31例患者植入封堵器均获成功,全组技术成功率100%;术后肺动脉平均压较术前明显下降。术中无任何严重并发症,随访1个月至3年,未发现残余分流、封堵器移位、溶血、血栓或主、肺动脉狭窄。结论经导管法介入治疗PDA,安全有效,创伤小,成功率高,操作简单。     

经导管应用双盘状封堵器治疗膜部室间隔缺损56例临床研究

目的 :探讨经导管应用双盘状封堵器治疗膜部室间隔缺损 ( VSD)及其疗效。方法 :对 5 6例 VSD直径为 3.0～ 1 0 .0 mm2～ 1 5岁患儿 ,经导管置入双盘状封堵器 ,封堵后即刻行左心室造影 ,术后 1 d、3d、7d及 1月行超声心动图检查观察有无残余分流及封堵器位置。结果 :全组 5 6例封堵器植入成功 ,技术成功率 1 0 0 %。术后即刻左心室造影存在微量至少量残余分流 6例 ( 1 0 .7% ) ,5 0例 ( 89.2 % )封堵完全无残余分流。术后 2 4～ 48h超声心动图示分流完全消失 5 4例 ( 96.4% )、微少量残余分流 2例 ( 3.6% )。 1例封堵术后 2 4 h发生溶血 ,经过7d内科保守治疗治愈。2例封堵术后 3d发生 °房室传导阻滞 ,经过 4～ 1 0 d内科保守治疗痊愈。 1月超声心动图未见残余分流及再通。结论 :应用双盘状封堵器治疗室间隔缺损是一种安全有效的介入方法。     

Experience with percutaneous closure of ductus arteriosus using the Amplatzer duct occluder in 243 consecutive patients and long-term results—A single centre study

Background:

Percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with Amplatzer duct occluder (ADO) has become increasingly popular in many cardiovascular centres. This study analysed the long-term results of percutaneous closure of PDA with ADO in a single centre.

Materials and Methods:

Between May 2004 and January 2013, 243 patients with median age of 2.5 years (range = 30 months to 38 years) and median weight of 10 Kg (range 4.5–80.5 Kg) underwent percutaneous closure of PDA using the ADO. The devices were implanted under fluoroscopic guidance. Patients were followed-up for any complications.

Results:

The mean diameter of narrow part of PDA was 6.4 ± 2.2 mm. The mean diameter of devices was 7.8 ± 2.3 mm. The devices were successfully implanted in 239 (98.3%) cases. At immediate, 1 day, 1, 6, 12 months and late follow-up, the complete occlusion rate was 33% (79 case), 97.1% (236 case), 97.5% (237 case), 98.3% (238 case), 98.3% (238 case) and 98.3% (238 case), respectively. Residual shunt remained in one case at late follow-up. The device embolisation occurred in five patients. The devices were successful retrieved in three patient and second larger devices were inserted. Two other devices were surgically retrieved and PDAs were ligated. Moderate left pulmonary artery stenosis (LPA) in one child and mild LPA stenosis in one infant were detected. Mild aortic obstruction occurred in one infant.

Conclusions:

Long-term follow-up of patients indicate that percutaneous closure of PDA using ADO is a safe and effective procedure. However, some complications, including device embolisation, left pulmonary stenosis and aortic obstruction may be observed in some cases.