慢性脑低灌注状态对大鼠学习记忆功能及脑组织自由基代谢的影响

目的探讨双侧颈总动脉结扎所致的慢性脑低灌注状态下大鼠学习记忆功能及脑组织自由基代谢的时程改变.方法雄性SD大鼠,行双侧颈总动脉结扎术,术后4h、24h、3d、7 d、2周、4周、8周分别取脑组织进行超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的检测,在脑缺血2周、4周、8周时进行Morris水迷宫实验.结果 Morris水迷宫实验结果表明,各缺血组大鼠在学习记忆功能上较对照组有显著减退,表现在逃避潜伏期[从(8.68±1.32)s延长至(23.95±4.76)s,P＜0.05]和游泳路径[从(171.99±23.12)cm延长至(573.68±124.22)cm,P＜0.01]均明显延长,缺血8周时仍不能恢复,表明双侧颈总动脉结扎所致的慢性脑低灌注状态可引起大鼠学习记忆功能明显下降.自由基代谢相关检测结果表明,缺血4h起,大鼠皮层SOD活性显著降低[从(257.97±10.79)Nu/mg蛋白降至(152.68±38.26)Nu/mg,P＜0.01],MDA含量明显升高[从(2.95±0.34)nmol/mg蛋白升至(5.31±1.68)nmol/mg,P＜0.05],缺血8周时仍不能完全恢复.结论双侧颈总动脉永久结扎后形成的脑部慢性低灌注状态可导致脑组织自由基代谢紊乱,并进一步引起学习记忆功能减退.     

慢性脑缺血大鼠海马Notch1表达的动态变化

目的 观察慢性脑缺血大鼠海马Notch信号通路的表达变化,初步探讨该通路在慢性脑缺血后对认知功能的调控作用.方法 SD大鼠,采用随机数字表法分为假手术组、缺血8周组、缺血10周组、缺血12周组,每组10只.采用双侧颈总动脉永久性结扎方法(2-VO)制备慢性脑缺血大鼠模型,Morris水迷宫法测定各组大鼠学习记忆功能...     

缺血缺氧性脑损伤对新生3日龄幼鼠学习记忆及情感行为的影响

目的 观察缺血缺氧对新生3日龄SD大鼠生长发育、学习记忆以及情感行为等的影响,建立早产儿缺血缺氧性脑白质损伤的动物模型.方法 结扎幼鼠右侧颈总动脉,2 h后再置缺氧仓缺氧处理2 h;对照组仅游离右侧颈总动脉.术后不同时间点对各组存活大鼠进行生长发育评价;术后第6周开始分别用Morris水迷宫和开场实验对大鼠学匀记忆能力和情感行为进行测评.结果 模型组大鼠存活率为80.6%,体重增长缓慢,从生后8～28 d与对照组相比均差异具有显著性(P<0.01);31.0模型组大鼠于7周内存在右侧眼睑持续闭合,对照组则无;同日龄8 d前翻正反射模型组大鼠所需时间较对照组长(P<0.05);Morris水迷宫实验显示模型组大鼠上台成功率较对照组显著降低(P<0.05),逃避潜伏时间较对照组明显延长(P<0.01);开场实验显示模型组大鼠后肢站立次数和中央区域驻留时间较对照组显著增加,两组间差异均存在显著性(P<0.01).结论 缺血缺氧损伤可导致新生幼鼠生长发育迟缓、学习记忆以及情感行为等障碍,用此法制作的动物模型可用于模拟新生儿缺血缺氧脑损伤的研究.     

不同脑缺血方式对大鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的建立一种合适的脑缺血动物模型对于探寻疾病的发生以及防治至关重要。方法本研究采用双侧颈总动脉(CCA)永久性结扎法、双侧椎动脉(VA)电凝并双侧颈总动脉反复夹闭法、双侧颈总动脉反复夹闭并全身低血压3种不同的脑缺血模型制作方法处理大鼠,并于术后15d、30d、60d、90d4个不同时间点进行Morris水迷宫测试,应用SPSS11.0统计软件分析各组大鼠的行为学检测结果,采用平均逃避潜伏期和搜索策略两个指标评价大鼠学习记忆能力。结果脑缺血30d以内,大鼠的学习记忆能力以双侧VA电凝并双侧CCA反复夹闭法和双侧CCA反复夹闭并全身低血压制作的模型组最差[术后30d,逃避潜伏期分别为:(29.23±5.39)s,(30.03±8.84)s;综合得分:(766.20±173.55)分,(610.20±73.81)分];脑缺血30~60d,以双侧CCA永久性结扎法和双侧VA电凝合并双侧CCA反复夹闭法制作的模型组最差[术后60d,逃避潜伏期为:(18.56±4.15)s,(20.61±4.87)s,综合得分:(449.4±95.45)分,(437.4±80.22)分];60d以上,以双侧CCA永久性结扎法制作的模型组成绩最差[术后90d该组的逃避潜伏期:(16.63±3.00)s;综合得分:(410.8±92.37)分]。结论不同脑缺血方式对大鼠学习记忆能力的影响和不同的缺血时间密切相关,适合于不同病因诱发的脑缺血梗死疾病的研究。     

不同脑缺血方式对大鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的建立一种合适的脑缺血动物模型对于探寻疾病的发生以及防治至关重要.方法 本研究采用双侧颈总动脉(CCA)永久性结扎法、双侧椎动脉(VA)电凝并双侧颈总动脉反复夹闭法、双侧颈总动脉反复夹闭并全身低血压3种不同的脑缺血模型制作方法处理大鼠,并于术后15 d、30d、60d、90d4个不同时间点进行Morris水迷宫测试,应用SPSS11.0统计软件分析各组大鼠的行为学检测结果,采用平均逃避潜伏期和搜索策略两个指标评价大鼠学习记忆能力.结果脑缺血30d以内,大鼠的学习记忆能力以双侧VA电凝并双侧CCA反复夹闭法和双侧CCA反复夹闭并全身低血压制作的模型组最差[术后30d,逃避潜伏期分别为:(29.23±5.39)s,(30.03±8.84)s;综合得分:(766.20±173.55)分,(610.20±73.81)分];脑缺血30～60d,以双侧CCA永久性结扎法和双侧VA电凝合并双侧CCA反复夹闭法制作的模型组最差[术后60d,逃避潜伏期为:(18.56±4.15)s,(20.61±4.87)s,综合得分:(449.4±95.45)分,(437.4±80.22)分];60d以上,以双侧CCA永久性结扎法制作的模型组成绩最差[术后90d该组的逃避潜伏期:(16.63±3.00)s;综合得分:(410.8±92.37)分].结论不同脑缺血方式对大鼠学习记忆能力的影响和不同的缺血时间密切相关,适合于不同病因诱发的脑缺血梗死疾病的研究.     

绿茶多酚对慢性脑缺血大鼠认知功能障碍的影响

目的 探讨绿茶多酚对血管性认知功能障碍的影响及其可能的作用机制.方法 健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组、2VO+生理盐水组、2VO+GTP100组[绿茶多酚100 mg/(kg·d)]、2VO+GTP400组[绿茶多酚400 mg/(kg·d)].采用大鼠双侧颈总动脉结扎(2VO)制备慢性脑缺血模型,结扎后从第4周开始给药,给药4周后通过Morris水迷宫观察大鼠的空间学习及记忆功能,并采用生化方法检测脑皮质的氧化应激性指标.结果 绿茶多酚缩短慢性脑缺血大鼠Morris水迷宫的逃逸潜伏期,400 mg/(kg·d)的绿茶多酚使大鼠的逃逸潜伏期从第3天开始就显著性缩短.绿茶多酚治疗后大鼠在空间探索实验中在平台区停留时间延长.绿茶多酚降低脑组织氧化性产物MDA的含量,增强SOD活性和组织抗氧化能力,400 mg/(kg·d)剂量的绿茶多酚的作用更显著.结论 绿茶多酚减轻慢性脑缺血大鼠的认知功能损害,其作用可能与抑制慢性脑缺血后的氧化应激反应,增强脑组织的抗氧化机制有关,尤其400 mg/(kg·d)的绿茶多酚效果更显著.     

艾地苯醌对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的:研究艾地苯醌对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆的影响及其机制。方法:将60只SD大鼠随机分为血管性痴呆干预组、血管性痴呆对照组、假手术组。采用双侧颈总动脉结扎建立血管性痴呆大鼠模型。水迷宫实验反映艾地苯醌对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆的影响,并测定大鼠脑组织中乙酰胆碱酯酶、胆碱乙酰转移酶、超氧化物歧化酶和丙二醛含量。结果:血管性痴呆干预组与血管性痴呆对照组比较,Morris水迷宫实验结果显示:大鼠寻找平台的潜伏期明显缩短(P<0.05),穿越平台的次数明显增多(P<0.05);生化指标检测:大鼠脑组织乙酰胆碱酯酶和丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05),胆碱乙酰转移酶和超氧化物歧化酶含量显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:艾地苯醌对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆障碍有显著改善作用,其机制可能与其降低脑组织中氧化应激水平及增加胆碱能神经功能有关。     

颈总动脉结扎联合半乳糖注射制备老年期痴呆大鼠模型及行为学评价研究简

目的 探讨不同制备方法对痴呆大鼠模型学习记忆能力的影响,为药效评价提供老年期痴呆大鼠模型.方法 40只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为5组：分期双侧颈总动脉永久结扎后D-半乳糖注射组（A组）;D-半乳糖注射后分期双侧颈总动脉永久结扎组（B组）;单次双侧颈总动脉永久结扎组（C组）;D-半乳糖注射组（D组）,正常对照组（E组）,每组8只.除E组外,A组左侧颈总动脉结扎,间隔1周后行右侧颈总动脉结扎术;并于结扎术1周后行D-半乳糖腹腔注射（60 mg/kg体重,每天1次）,共连续注射42 d;B组腹腔连续注射D-半乳糖（60 mg/kg体重）42 d后,再行双侧颈总动脉永久结扎术;C组仅行双侧颈总动脉永久结扎术42 d,腹腔不注射半乳糖;D组：仅连续腹腔注射D-半乳糖（60 mg/kg体重）42 d,不接扎其双侧颈总动脉.最后采用Morris水迷宫行为学测试法进行定位航行及空间探索实验;取各组大鼠海马CA1区进行电镜观察.结果 与C、E组相比,A、B及D组游泳时间与距离均明显缩短,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;而A组与B、D组之间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;比较正常组各模型组海马CA1区锥体细胞有不同程度的丢失,且脑组织病理学改变明显.结论 采用双侧颈总动脉永久结扎联合半乳糖腹腔注射方法,制备的老年期痴呆大鼠模型,记忆力明显减退,且脑组织病理学显著改变,能有效重现老年期痴呆患者的发病特点.     

MCAO模型大鼠学习记忆特征

目的观察MCAO模型大鼠的学习记忆行为学特征.方法对Zea Longa和Nagasawa法加以改进,采用同侧颈总动脉永久结扎大脑中动脉线栓法制备MCAO模型大鼠,造模1个月后利用Morris水迷宫检测模型大鼠空间学习记忆能力.结果 Morris水迷宫定位航行试验结果显示,从第5次游泳训练开始,模型组大鼠的逃避潜伏期[(73.9±50.5)s]和游泳路径[(1631.0±1267.1)cm]显著大于假手术组[(31.6±21.4)s/(677.0±400.9)cm]和正常组[(29.0±20.2)s/(602.0±328.3)cm]大鼠的逃避潜伏期和游泳路径.模型组大鼠空间探索试验中平台象限游泳时间和路径(tP/tT值)与总游泳时间和总路径之比(dP/dT值),[tP/tT值(0.261±0.068)和dP/dT值(0.274±0.054)]显著小于正常组[(0.351±0.065)/(0.352±0.057)]和假手术组[(0.350±0.0662)/(0.349±0.058),P <0.05].结论同侧颈总动脉永久结扎大脑中动脉线栓法VaD模型大鼠空间学习记忆能力明显下降,与脑缺血记忆障碍特征相似,是研究脑缺血后神经损伤理想的动物模型.     

大鼠血管性痴呆模型的制作

目的制作存活时间长且有明显临床症状的大鼠血管性痴呆(Vasculardementia,VD)模型。方法夹闭双侧的颈总动脉5 min后,复灌1 h,连续3次,末次再灌注1 h后永久性结扎双侧的颈总动脉。结果缺血再灌注后结扎双侧颈总动脉方法制作VD模型动物存活率高,海马神经元损伤明显,行为学异常。结论缺血再灌注后结扎方法制作大鼠VD模型成功。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…