FACTORS AFFECTING REMOVAL AND PROGNOSIS OF THYMIC TUMORS

One hundred and ten cases of thymic tumors were intervened surgically, including 92 thymoma, 8 thymie earcinoid, and 10 thymic carcinoma. In this series, 50. 9 % of the cases were complicated with various syndromes, 44. 5 % with myasthenia gravis (MG). Resection rate was correlated with the size and invasion of the tumor. There was significant difference in resection rate among thymoma, thymic carcinoid and thymic carcinoma. The degree of invasiorl undoubtely influenced on resection. The 3-, 5- and 10- year suvival rate of the thymoma were 82. 7 %, 68. 1 % and 40. 0 %, respectively. The prognosis depended on the pathoioglcal classification and the severity of the neighbouring invasion, but MG had no sianificant effect on prognosis. Recurrence and metastasis of the tumor were the main cause of late death.     

Anaplastic carcinoma of pancreas：report of 6 cases and literature review

Objective:To investigate clinicopathological features,diagnosis and treatment of anaplastic carcinoma of the pancreas and to review relevant literature on this entity. Methods..A retrospective clinical analysis was made in 6 cases of anaplastic pancreatic carcinomas admitted from 1989 to 2001. Results:Anaplastic pancreatic carcinoma was found in 5 men and 1 woman with a mean age of 61.5 years. Tumor location was in the head of the pancreas in 3 patients,body and tail in 3 cases. Tumors were surgically resected in all patients, by pancreaticoduodenectomy in 1, by pancreaticoduodenectomy combined resection and reconstruction of superior mesenteric vein (SMV) in 1, by pancreaticoduodenectomy combined resection and reconstruction of SMV and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in 1,by distal pancreatectomy in 2,by distal pancreatectomy combined total gastrotectomy in 1. Liver metastasis was found in one patient. Follow-up suggested the prognosis was poor with a mean survival of 5.5 months after operation. All patients were dead with tumor recurrence and liver metastasis. Conclusion:Histologically,anaplastic pancreatic carcinoma is characterized by pleomorphic cell carcinoma consisting of pleomorphic giant/small cells and spindle cells,or osteoclast-like giant cell tumor composed of pleomorphic small cells,or pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma with osteoclastoid giant cells,and demonstrates aggressive biological behavior. Invasions to adjoined organ and metastasis are usual. The prognosis of this tumor appears to be very poor.     

Multimodality therapy including surgical resection for limited small cell lung cancer.

From 1975 through 1990, 199 patients with limited small cell lung cancer (LSCLC) were subjected to multimodality treatment including surgical resection combined with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy in our department. The median postoperative survival time of the 199 patients was 39 months, and the 5-year survival rate was 26%, which was decreased with increase of tumor-stage. In comparison of the survival time of patients in Stage Ⅰ and those in Stage Ⅲa, there was a significant difference (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in survival rate of 3 and 5 years between the patients receiving chemotherapy prior to or after surgical resection. The improvement in survival was documented by surgical resection combined with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for LSCLC. The effect of multimodality treatment is correlated with tumor P-TNM staging, the involvement of lymph node, especially that of the mediastinal lymph node, is a negative factor influencing the prognosis. Surgical resection as an ini     

Apoxesis of primary tracheal tumor. A clinical analysis of 23 cases.

During a 17-year period, 23 patients with primary tracheal tumors underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, PUMC Hospital (11 cases of benign tumor of the trachea, 12 cases of low malignancies). Fourteen times of apoxesis were performed in 11 patients with benign tumors who were followed up for an average of 6.3 years. Fifteen operations were performed in 12 cases including local resection of the tracheal wall and tumor in 4, and curettage of tumor plus electric cauterization on the basis in 10. Eight of 9 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma received postoperative adjuvant irradiation, with a 5-year postoperative survival rate of 75% (6/8) and 3 cases survived over ten years. The desirability of apoxesis and local resection of tracheal tumor is discussed. The authors suggest that these two surgical patterns can be regarded as a simple and effective treatment for patients with primary tracheal tumors.

     

Management of primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus

Background Primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus is rare. Although surgery is successful in eradicating local tumor, the five-year survival rate of patients with primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus after resection is lower than that of patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical manifestations, pathological features and treatment of primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Methods A total of 73 patients with primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus who had been treated by surgery from 1984 to 2003 were analyzed retrospectively. Results In this series, the overall resection rate was 94.5% （69/73）, the radical resection rate 89.0% （65/73） and the operative mortality 1.4% （1/73）. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of patients were 50.7%, 13.7% and 8.2%, respectively. Conclusions Primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus is rare with a poor prognosis. Surgical resection is the leading method for patients with stage Ⅰ or Ⅱ primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Postoperative chemotherapy is beneficial to these patients. The patients of stage Ⅲ or IV should be given chemotherapy and radiation therapy.     

ADENOSQUAMOUS LUNG CARCINOMA： CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS,SURGICAL TREAMENT AND PROGNOSIS

Objective. The effectiveness of surgical resection of adennsqumnous carcinoma of the lung remains poorly defined because of the histology‘s relatively low frequency, the failure in most published series to separate adenesquamous carcinoma from the other variants of non-small cell lung carcinoma. To define the effectiveness of surgical treatment of adenosquamons carcinoma, we have retrospectively reviewed our hospital experience over a 12-year period. Methoods. Retrospectively reviewed 22 cases of adenosquamous carcinoma who were surgically treated,except one patient,in the PUMCH from Jan. 1985 to Aug. 1997.Tbis series constitutes the 1.9% of a total of 1245 patients with all types of surgical treatment for the primary lung cancer during the same time. Results. The adenosquanons carcinoma was mostly presented in the old patients with a mean age of 60 years and mostly located in the peripheral of lung(n = 20). The overall 5-year survival was 23%. Thoese with stage Ⅰ tumors survival was only 18 % (n = 13), stage Ⅱ 5 %. The survival in stage Ⅲ tumors was not longer than 25 months and in stage Ⅳ survival was not longer than 12 months. Conchtslbn. Our results suggest that adenosquamous carcinoma of lung was a virulent tumor, which exhibited highly aggressive biological behavior with early lymph nodes metastasis(46% ) and its prognosis was worse than that of both squamons cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.     

Theatment strategies for pediatric patients with primary cardiac tumors

<正>Objective To analyze the experience of treatment strategies for pediatric patients with primary cardiac tumors. Methods The clinical data of 27 patients with primary cardiac tumors which detected by echocardiography from May 1999 to May 2009 was analyzed retrospectively. There were 20 male and 7 female patients,aged from 24 d to 12. 6 years. There were 59. 2% less than 1 year old at the time of diagnosis. A single tumor were present in 22 cases and multiple in 5 cases. Surgery was performed on 22 patients due to the varied significant     

Nursing of adverse effects in patients treated with liver resection plus sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma： 5 cases report

There were very few reports of adverse effects in patients treated by liver resection in combination with sorafenib. We present 5 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma treated with liver resection plus sorafenib , trying to observing the adverse effects and seeking the nursing options to the adverse effects. The 5 patients were all males, and the mean age was (38.6±13.4) years. Tumor sizes were (6.7±2.2) cm, and liver function was Child-Pugh class A. Diagnosis of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was confirmed by postoperative pathology. During the follow-ups, all the 5 patients had different degrees of adverse effects, of which 5 patients had diarrhea, 3 had hand-foot skin reaction, 1 had hypertension and 1 had alopecie. Diarrhea seems common in these patients, and it appeared early after treatment. For those patients with adverse effects, management measures were given immediately, including nursing interventions and some medicines. Psychological and symptomatic nursing guidance can help patients overcome the adverse effects. No patients suffered dose reduction or treatment discontinuation.     

Radical surgery for Budd-Chiari syndrome through exposure of the entire inferior vena cava of the hepatic segment

Background Several kinds of radical surgery for the treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome （BCS） have been devised. We have described preliminary efforts to treat BCS using a novel radical resection technique to expose the entire inferior vena cava （IVC） of the hepatic segment. Methods Sixty patients with BCS were treated by radical resection, including 46 men and 14 women. BCS patients ranged in age from 11 to 62 years, with 3 months to 11 years since the BCS diagnosis. The lesions included membrane occlusion of the IVC in 16 patients, double membranes within the IVC in 2 patients, double membranes within the IVC and the hepatic vein （HV） in 3 patients, IVC membrane with distal thrombosis in 10 patients, long segment thrombosis of the IVC in 5 patients （organized thrombosis in 2 patients, fresh thrombosis in 3 patients）, occlusion of the outlet of the HVs due to mural thrombosis in 2 patients, segmental occlusion of the IVC in 3 patients, membranes within the HV with IVC stenosis due to protrusion of HV stent in 1 patient, HV membranes in 11 patients, extensive occlusion of HVs in 1 patient, the whole IVC tumor thrombus with tumor thrombus of 2/3 right atrium resulting from a posterior peritoneum tumor in 1 patient, IVC leiomyosarcoma in 2 patients, IVC leiomyosarcoma with tumor thrombus into 1/2 right atrium in 1 patient, IVC thrombosis extending into right atrium in 1 patient, compression of supra-hepatic segment of IVC due to fiber trabs in 1 patient. Results All lesions were successfully resected under direct supervision. Three procedures were performed under extracorporeal circulation, 52 patients with catheterization of the right atrium, 4 patients with a cell saver, and one patient with auto-retrieval of blood. The retrieved blood was from 300 ml to 4000 ml. Transfusion of banked blood was from 400 ml to 2000 ml for 14 patients. For the other patients no transfusion of banked blood was required. One patient died of renal failure peri-operatively. Newly formed IVC membrane was found for one recurrent patient whose IVC thrombosis was removed one year prior. Restenosis of the IVC was observed post-operatively without symptoms in one patient. In the other patients, no recurrent symptom was found during the follow-up periods. Conclusion This novel surgery provides a clear visual field during the procedure and yields satisfactory short and Iona-term results.     

Kidney,ureter,bladder

<正>209418 Surgical excision of isolated local recurrence for renal cell carcinoma/Cai Wei(蔡伟,Dept Urol,Chin PLA Gen Hosp,Beijing 100853)…∥Chin J Urol.-2009,30(6).-394～396Objective To sum up experience with surgical excision of isolated local recurrence for renal cell carcinoma.Methods From March 2004 to November 2007,7 patients(five cases underwent radical nephrectomy and two nephron-sparing surgery)with isolated local recurrence of renal cell carcinoma were treated at our department.All patients underwent extensive surgery for local recurrence.Results The mean patient age was 42 years(range 19 to 6).The mean time to local recurrence was 23.3 months(range 12 to 54).The mean size of the recurrent tumor was 5.2 cm(range 2.5 to 10.5).Peritoneal exploration was performed in 7 patients and 5 had complete en bloc excision of the renal cell carcinoma mass.2 patients gross disease was excised.The mean blood loss was 1 050(150-3 000)ml.Surgical complications occurred in 2 patients,iliohypogastric nerve injury in one and ileus performation in another one.All patients recovered finally.Six patients were followed and one lost follow-up.Mean follow-up time was 13(8-27)months.One patients died of metastatic disease at 22 months after excision of the renal cell carcinoma mass.Conclusion En bloc excision of isolated locally recurrent renal cell carcinoma is possible,and complete surgical resection could lead to prolonged disease-free survival.9 refs.     

贲门及胃上部癌61例手术体会

目的:探讨如何提高胃底贲门癌尤其是累及食管下段1～2 cm以内的贲门及胃上部癌经腹手术切除成功率,减轻手术创伤,辅以综合治疗,以提高疗效.方法:对61例贲门及胃上部癌中的29例采用术前高选择动脉插管化疗( HSAPC)及术中低渗温盐水灌洗加腹腔化疗等综合治疗.结果:治疗组29例中经腹手术28例(姑息仅3例),经胸手术1例(食道下段受累＞2 cm),1、3、5、10年生存率分别为93.1％、62.1％、48.2％、20.7％;而对照组32例中经腹手术19例(姑息达7例),经胸手术达13例.1、3、5、10年生存率分别为81.2％、40.6％、25％、9.4％.结论:胃上部及贲门癌部分累及食管下段,经术前HSAPC可以明显提高经腹手术切除成功率及术后生存期,综合治疗可减少复发.     

腔静脉节段切除术在处理侵犯腔静脉的肾肿瘤瘤栓中的应用

目的：探讨腔静脉节段切除术治疗侵犯腔静脉的肾肿瘤瘤栓的可行性、安全性和手术经验。方法：2015年5月至2017年7月,北京大学第三医院共收治92例肾肿瘤伴静脉瘤栓的患者,其中17例患者因瘤栓侵犯腔静脉壁需行腔静脉节段切除术。本组病例的特点为：男性15例、女性2例,平均年龄为（59.2±12.9）岁（31~84岁）;左侧6例,右侧11例;Mayo静脉瘤栓分级Ⅱ级10例、Ⅲ级３例、Ⅳ级４例;肾肿瘤最大径平均为（9.1±3.7）cm（3.0~14.5 cm）。结果：所有患者均成功完成手术,5例腹腔镜下完成（中转开放2例）,12例开放手术完成（伴体外循环2例）,平均手术时间为（430.4±120.7） min（284~694 min）,术中平均失血量为（2 918.8±2 608.2）mL（300~10 000 mL）。腔静脉内瘤栓中位长度为10 cm（3~21 cm）,手术切除范围是从瘤栓顶端水平到瘤栓底部水平。发生术后并发症患者11例,分别为Clavien分级Ⅰ级1例、Ⅱ级7例、Ⅳ级2例和Ⅴ级1例（术后第2天因大出血死亡）。术后肌酐中位数为116 μmol/L（79~645 μmol/L）,其中2例需术后床旁血液滤过或透析。术后病理为肾透明细胞癌10例、乳头状细胞癌2型5例、尿路上皮癌1例、梭形细胞肉瘤1例。中位随访时间为8个月（1~28个月）,1例围术期死亡,1例术后9个月因多发转移死亡,3例患者发现远处转移,2例术后随访3~6个月仍有双下肢水肿,其余患者恢复情况和治疗效果良好。结论：对于某些侵犯腔静脉的肾肿瘤瘤栓的患者,可行腔静脉节段切除完成手术,短期随访手术效果良好。     

甲状腺内胸腺癌临床病理分析

目的 探讨甲状腺内胸腺癌的临床病理学特征,免疫组织化学特点、诊治及预后。 方法 收集7例甲状腺内胸腺癌患者的临床资料,行组织学观察及免疫组织化学染色,采用EB病毒(EBV)原位杂交检测EBV感染情况。 结果 7例患者中,男5例,女2例,中位年龄54岁(40~71岁)。 肿瘤均位于甲状腺内,平均最大径(4.0±1.2)cm(2.2~6.0 cm)。所有患者均行甲状腺腺叶切除及局部淋巴结清扫术,术后均辅助放疗,其中5例接受化疗。6例患者获得随访,时间10~163个月,随访病例均存活,其中2例多次局部复发,1例同侧颈部淋巴结转移,其余病例未发现复发或转移。所有病例均阳性表达CK-pan、P63、CD5、CD117,不表达TTF-1、TG、CT和PAX8,其中1例弥漫表达SYN和CgA,Ki-67增殖指数在10%~90%。 7例EBV原位杂交均为阴性。 结论 甲状腺内胸腺癌是一种相对少见的惰性肿瘤,免疫组织化学CD5、CD117及单克隆PAX8组合有助于其诊断及鉴别诊断。EBV可能不参与甲状腺内胸腺癌的发生。手术腺叶全切加中央区淋巴结清扫是治疗甲状腺内胸腺癌的重要治疗手段,对有区域淋巴结转移和明显周围组织侵犯的患者,术后辅助放疗和/或联合化疗可有效延缓疾病进展。     

经尿道超脉冲等离子体双极电切术治疗膀胱移行细胞癌51例分析

目的:探讨经尿道超脉冲等离子体双极电切术(PKSP+TURBt)治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱移行细胞癌的临床疗效。方法:51例非肌层浸润性膀胱移行细胞癌患者采用PKSP+TURBt行膀胱肿瘤电切术。结果:手术时间5～65min,平均17.9min,出血量少,无经尿道电切综合征;21例侧壁肿瘤切除时,11例发生闭孔神经反射,2例膀胱穿孔;肿瘤病理分期:TI S2例,Ta 7例,T142例;病理分级:G137例,G214例;随访10～59个月,20例复发,12例行PKSP+TURBt,4例改行根治术。结论:PKSP+TURBt是一种治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱移行细胞癌安全、有效的手术方式。     

保留肾脏术式治疗原发性输尿管癌临床分析

目的探讨保留肾脏术式治疗输尿管癌的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析了保留肾脏术式治疗原发性输尿管癌的19例患者,其中男性10例,女性9例,平均年龄65.6岁。无痛性肉眼血尿14例,腰痛2例;B超偶然发现肾积水3例。结果 19例患者均行保留肾脏手术。行输尿管部分切除、输尿管端端吻合术的患者4例;输尿管下端及膀胱袖口状切除、输尿管膀胱再植术的患者11例;输尿管镜下切除的患者4例。病理均为移行上皮细胞癌,病理分级:G15例;G28例;G2～G33例;G33例。分期:Ta 1例;T15例;T29例;T34例。17例病例获得随访(89.5%),5年生存率为58.8%(10/17)。术后6个月～2年膀胱癌发生率29.4%(5/17);术后1年～6年同侧上尿路癌复发者29.4%(5/17)。3例患者于术后1～3年死于内科疾病。结论原发输尿管癌为少见的尿路上皮肿瘤,预后不佳。对低分级、低分期的肿瘤保留肾脏术式预后良好,但保肾手术有复发的风险,需密切随访。     

局部晚期分化型甲状腺癌临床特点和疗效分析

目的探讨局部晚期分化型甲状腺癌的临床特点及治疗方法,以期提高患者的生存时间及生存质量。方法回顾性分析南昌大学第二附属医院1996年1月至2005年12月治疗的23例局部晚期分化型甲状腺癌的临床病理资料,包括年龄、病理类型、肿瘤局部侵犯情况、手术方案、术后并发症及生存期等。根据随访结果进行疗效及预后分析。结果甲状腺乳头状癌15例,滤泡状癌6例,乳头滤泡状癌2例。肿瘤局部侵犯喉返神经8例,侵犯气管12例,侵犯气管及食道3例,合并侵犯颈前肌群8例。23例均行手术治疗,其中肿瘤根治6例,肿瘤剔除14例,姑息性切除3例（2例术后加行局部放疗）。全组1、3、5年总生存率为91．3％（21／23）、82．6％（19／23）、60．8％（14／23）。其中根治组和剔除组预后明显好于姑息组。结论局部晚期分化型甲状腺癌手术治疗后仍能取得较好疗效,重视保护局部器官功能是提高术后生存质量的保证。     

伴有淋巴样间质的微结节型胸腺肿瘤临床病理观察

目的 探讨伴有淋巴样间质的微结节型胸腺肿瘤的临床病理学特点及预后指标。方法 收集中日友好医院2014年1月至2018年1月间4例伴有淋巴样间质的微结节型胸腺肿瘤患者的临床资料,采用HE染色、免疫组织化学及原位杂交方法进行病理学观察。结果 患者平均年龄（66.5±10.4）岁,男性1例,女性3例,均表现前纵膈占位,不伴有重症肌无力或自身免疫性疾病。肿瘤细胞呈微结节状分布,间质内见丰富淋巴细胞及淋巴滤泡形成。其中2例肿瘤细胞异型、核分裂象增多。肿瘤细胞表达CK、CK5/6,异型肿瘤细胞表达CD5、CD117及Bcl-2。3例在肿瘤细胞周边见少数不成熟T淋巴细胞,另1例未见TdT阳性细胞。肿瘤细胞及淋巴细胞均未测到EB病毒。最后诊断2例患者为伴有淋巴样间质微结节型胸腺瘤（micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma,MNT）,1例为不典型MNT,1例为伴有淋巴样间质微结节型胸腺癌（micronodular thymic carcinoma with lymphoid hyperplasia,MNC）。术后随访4~42个月,无肿瘤复发。结论 伴有淋巴样间质的微结节型胸腺肿瘤是一种罕见的胸腺肿瘤,包括了由良性至恶性的系列病变,但预后良好。诊断应结合临床病理特征,排除其他类型的胸腺肿瘤,治疗方法可相对保守。     

颅鼻眶联合入路切除筛窦恶性肿瘤

目的总结经颅鼻眶入路治疗筛窦恶性肿瘤的临床经验。方法回顾性分析39例经颅鼻眶入路手术切除侵犯前颅凹及眼眶的筛窦恶性肿瘤的临床资料。39例中男29例,女10例,年龄20～65岁,平均42岁;肿瘤类型包括嗅母细胞瘤10例、腺癌8例、鳞癌7例、乳头状瘤6例、肉瘤4例、未分化癌3例、基底细胞癌1例。38例肿瘤侵犯前颅凹,其中31例侵犯眼眶、5例侵犯翼腭窝、3例侵犯中颅凹及海绵窦。临床表现包括鼻堵、鼻溢、鼻衄、鼻部肿物,突眼、视力下降,面部麻木,意识障碍等。结果肿瘤全切除32例（其中包括9例完整摘除）,近全切除7例。术后一过性脑脊液鼻漏5例,无颅内及切口感染。随访到27例（77．1％）,随访时间为3个月至7年,平均3年6个月。肿瘤局部复发8例,肺部转移1例。术后1个月至6年死亡4例。结论经颅鼻眶入路充分显露侵犯前颅凹及眼眶部的筛窦肿瘤,且能完整切除肿瘤,手术安全,并发症少。     

经肛局部切除术治疗低位直肠癌（附26例报告）

目的：总结经肛门局部切除术治疗低位直肠癌的经验。方法：回顾性分析1991～2000年收治的26例经肛门局部切除治疗的临床资料。结果：(1)26例均为直肠腺癌；(2)26例直肠癌T0 10例，T19例，T2期7例。(3)围手术期病死率为0。(4)术后特异性并发症仅有1例，占38．5％。(5)有4例局部复发。其中1例经局部切除治愈。另外3例经腹会阴联合切除术；(6)本组直肠癌病人经肛门局部切除术后，随访都超过2年，5年生存为83．4％。结论：经肛门局部切除治疗直肠癌适于T1～T2，N0M0、组织分化好，距肛缘6cm以内的肿瘤，但严格掌握适应证，完整的肿瘤切除，术中预防肿瘤种植是预防复发的关键。术后应进行密切随防，以尽早发现复发。