老年急性心肌梗死的临床特点及处理

目的 探讨老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)的临床特点。方法 对我院住院的老年AMI患的临床资料进行整理分析。结果 老年AMI患首发症状胸痛占36．8％,气促占28．9％,腹痛、牙痛占21．4％,无明显症状占2．7％,发病到就诊时间1～17d占21．1％,只有11．8％的患进行溶栓治疗,住院病死率17．1％。结论 老年AMI患发病症状呈多样性,病死率高,应引起重视。     

Life-Threatening Interaction of Mibefradil and {beta}-Blockers With Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers

Mibefradil is a T-type and L-type calcium channel blocker (CCB) released in the United States in 1997 for management of hypertension and chronic stable angina. Postmarketing surveillance revealed a potential serious interaction between mibefradil and -blockers, digoxin, verapamil, and diltiazem, especially in elderly patients. The manufacturer voluntarily withdrew mibefradil on June 8, 1998. We describe 4 cases of cardiogenic shock in patients taking mibefradil and -blockers who began taking dihydropyridine CCBs. One case resulted in death; the other 3 survived episodes of cardiogenic shock with intensive support of heart rate and blood pressure. Physicians who are preparing to switch patients' medications from mibefradil to other antihypertensive agents should be aware of these potentially life-threatening drug-drug interactions.      

38例急性心肌梗死患者急诊抢救体会

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)的抢救对策,以提高救治水平。方法回顾性分析2007年6月至2010年6月云阳县人民医院确诊的38例AMI患者的临床资料。所有患者入院后紧急予以吸氧、监护、输液、扩张冠状动脉、抗休克、抗心律失常、溶栓等抢救。结果 38例AMI患者经急诊抢救病情稳定,26例行静脉溶栓治疗,再通26例(100%),无死亡病例。结论早期识别,积极抢救,早期溶栓,合理用药及电除颤,可提高心肌梗死的抢救成功率。     

临床路径在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死中的应用及效果

目的 将临床路径应用于急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的诊治过程中,加快开展再灌注治疗,增加患者及其家属的服务满意度.方法 选取最新的、具有权威性的关于急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死诊治指南作为制定治疗决策方案及编写临床路径的依据,将应用临床路径开展再灌注治疗的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者作为观察组,实施路径管理前的再灌注治疗者作为对照组,对两组间静脉溶栓开始时间、直接冠状动脉介入治疗的术前急诊留观时间及再灌注治疗患者的服务满意度进行比较.结果 观察组静脉溶栓开始时间及直接冠状动脉介入治疗的术前急诊留观时间明显缩短,患者及其家属的服务满意度明显增加.结论 临床路径管理应用于急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死,可明显加快开展再灌注治疗,提高了患者及其家属对医护工作的满意度,是一种新的行之有效的服务管理模式.     

Meta-analysis of Trials Comparing {beta}-Blockers, Calcium Antagonists, and Nitrates for Stable Angina

Context  Which drug is most effective as a first-line treatment for stable angina is not known. Objective  To compare the relative efficacy and tolerability of treatment with -blockers, calcium antagonists, and long-acting nitrates for patients who have stable angina. Data Sources  We identified English-language studies published between 1966 and 1997 by searching the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases and reviewing the bibliographies of identified articles to locate additional relevant studies. Study Selection  Randomized or crossover studies comparing antianginal drugs from 2 or 3 different classes (-blockers, calcium antagonists, and long-acting nitrates) lasting at least 1 week were reviewed. Studies were selected if they reported at least 1 of the following outcomes: cardiac death, myocardial infarction, study withdrawal due to adverse events, angina frequency, nitroglycerin use, or exercise duration. Ninety (63%) of 143 identified studies met the inclusion criteria. Data Extraction  Two independent reviewers extracted data from selected articles, settling any differences by consensus. Outcome data were extracted a third time by 1 of the investigators. We combined results using odds ratios (ORs) for discrete data and mean differences for continuous data. Studies of calcium antagonists were grouped by duration and type of drug (nifedipine vs nonnifedipine). Data Synthesis  Rates of cardiac death and myocardial infarction were not significantly different for treatment with -blockers vs calcium antagonists (OR, 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67-1.38; P=.79). There were 0.31 (95% CI, 0.00-0.62; P=.05) fewer episodes of angina per week with -blockers than with calcium antagonists. -Blockers were discontinued because of adverse events less often than were calcium antagonists (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.60-0.86; P<.001). The differences between -blockers and calcium antagonists were most striking for nifedipine (OR for adverse events with -blockers vs nifedipine, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.47-0.77). Too few trials compared nitrates with calcium antagonists or -blockers to draw firm conclusions about relative efficacy. Conclusions  -Blockers provide similar clinical outcomes and are associated with fewer adverse events than calcium antagonists in randomized trials of patients who have stable angina.      

老年急性心肌梗死患者救治及预后的性别差异研究

背景 老年女性急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者可能在救治和预后方面有异于老年男性AMI患者。而目前中国关于老年AMI患者救治现状和预后的性别差异研究较少。 目的 分析不同性别老年AMI患者的救治情况、院内死亡率和1年心血管死亡率的差异。 方法 选取2017年1月至2019年6月于成都地区11家综合医院就诊的1 579例老年（>60岁）AMI患者为研究对象,其中男1 056例,女523例。比较不同性别AMI患者的临床特征、治疗现状及1年预后情况,采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制不同性别患者出院后1年内心血管死亡的生存曲线,采用多因素Cox比例风险回归分析探讨患者出院后1年内心血管死亡的影响因素。 结果 女性吸烟、饮酒、PCI史和COPD史、典型胸痛/胸闷症状发生的比例、肌酐水平、双联抗血小板药物及降脂药物的应用比例低于男性（P<0.05）,女性年龄、合并糖尿病史比例、心率、Killip分级≥Ⅱ级比例、三酰甘油、总胆固醇水平、症状发作至导丝通过的时间（S-to-B时间）、首次医疗接触至导丝时间（FMC-to-B时间）、院内全因死亡率高于男性（P<0.05）。女性出院后1年内心血管相关死亡率高于男性（P<0.05）。多因素Cox比例风险回归分析显示,性别〔HR=1.830,95%CI（1.029,3.255）,P=0.040〕、年龄〔HR=1.063,95%CI（1.031,1.095）,P<0.001〕、ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）〔HR=2.382,95%CI（1.380,4.113）,P=0.002〕、心源性休克〔HR=2.474,95%CI（1.259,4.859）,P=0.009〕、肌酐〔HR=1.004,95%CI（1.001,1.006）,P=0.003〕和PCI〔HR=0.228,95%CI（0.135,0.386）,P<0.001〕是老年AMI患者出院后1年内心血管死亡的影响因素。 结论 老年AMI患者院内行再灌注治疗措施的比例无性别差异,但救治效率和预后存在差异。女性AMI患者院内救治效率更低、心肌总缺血时间更长、药物使用比例更低,且院内全因死亡率和1年内心血管死亡率更高。