Transcatheter closure of a giant coronary artery fistula with patent duct occluder

Coronary artery fistula （CAF）, an uncommon form of congenital heart disease, is characterized by abnormal communication between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber or vessel. This disease is often found incidentally in asymptomatic individuals, and leads to cardiac failure, myocardial ischemia and angina, infective endocarditis, and heart rupture in later life. Both surgical repair and transcatheter closure were effective and safe in the treatment of CAF, but percutaneous management of CAF can obviate median sternotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass, and there may be less morbidity with transcatheter embolization techniques, including the use of occluders or microcoils. We report a successful percutaneous closure of a giant CAF from the left coronary artery to the right ventricle using patent duct occluder.     

RADIOLOGKC DIAGNOSIS OF CORONARY ARTERY FISTULA - WITH EMPliASIS ON THE EVALUATION OF PLAIN FILM MANIFESTATION

Radiologic findings of 14 cases of coronary artery fistula {CAb) are Pi'escnted with emphasis on the diagnostic significance of plain film manifestation. Right coronary artcry was i吐volved in 11 cases and Ieft coronary artery in 3 and the fistula drainetl int8 right heart- puhnonary artery (RH-PA) system in 10 and into the left ventricle in il. Hernodynamically, CAF draining int.o RH- PA system belongs to basal left to right, shunt of the Imart, and coronary artery-left vcntricle l:istula corresponds to that or aortic insuf- ficiency. The "niPPIC" like protrusion of the right cardiac bonlter and au ovoid opacity superimposed on the anterior cardiac region on lateral film formecl by tllO tOFtuorisly dilatecl coronarS' artery were found in 4 cases with right coronary artery-left ventricle fistula and one with right coronary artery-right ventricle fistula. are characteristic signs of CAF. In- tegrating these signs With the simulLaneous findings of left, to right, shunt and aortic in- sufficiency, the cliagnosis of CAF could he suggestcd. Corrclative analysis of radiologic and clinical findings is anot.her important diagnostic ciue. The confirmative diagnosis oi CAF as ivell as the demonstration of its ana,tomical details shocild rely on contras;t studies.     

Congenital coronary artery flstnlae in adults: diagnosis and surgical treatment

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and surgical treatment results of congenital coronary artery fistulas (CAF) in adults. Methods Fourteen patients (8 men,6 women) ,aged from 18 to 60 years with a mean of 32 ±12 years, underwent surgical correction of CAF between March 1985 and April 2002. Eleven of the 14 patients (78. 57% ) were symptomatic. The diagnosis of CAF was made by echocardiography or angiocardioraphy preoperatiely. The fistulae originated from the right, left and double coronary arteries in 10 (71%),3(21%) and 1(7%) patient (s),respectively. The fistulae drained into the right ventricle (8 patients), left ventricle (4),right atrium (1) and pulmonary artery (1), respectively. The diameter of fistulae ranged from 0.30 tol.80 cm with a mean of (1.16±0.49)cm.There were 6 CAF patients associated with coronary artery aneurysms and 4 CAF patients with other coexisting cardiac defects. The distal fistulae were closed in 10 patients with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and     

Transcatheter coil embolization of multiple coronary artery-to- left ventricle fistulas: report of a rare case

Coronary artery fistula （CAF） is uncommon but remains the most frequent hemodynamically significant congenital coronary artery anomaly.The majority of fistula is single and drains into the right heart, only 3.5% into the left ventricle.^2 A large fistula requires closure to prevent complications such as myocardial ischemia resulting from coronary steal, congestive heart failure, endocarditis and potential aneurysmal dilatation and rupture.^3-5 Here we presented a rare case of CAF with multiple origins involving left anterior descending artery （LAD）, left circumflex branch （LCX） and right coronary artery （RCA）, and draining into the left ventricle, which was successfully closed by coil embolization.     

Surgical treatment of double outlet ventricle

Objective To study the results of surgical treatment for double outlet ventricle. Methods The results of 72 cases of double outlet ventricle were retrospectively analyzed. Results There were 71 cases of double outlet right ventricle, including 64 cases of type SDD, 3 type ILL, 3 type SDL, 1 type IDD. Only one case was double outlet left ventricle type ILD. Surgical procedures included left ventricle-aorta intraventricular tunnel connection in 61 patients,total cava-pulmonary artery connection in 2,left ventricle-aorta intraventricular tunnel and right ventricle-pulmonary artery extracardial tube repaired in 3. Six cases underwent bi-directional Glenn procedure. Two cases died from operation. Residue shunt of VSD was observed in one case and re-operation was done to repair the shunt. There were no long-term death and other complications. Conclusion It is important to choose the right time and proper procedure. Reconstruction left and right ventricle is the essential factor to the surgical success. 6 refs     

Comparison of long-term clinical outcome between transcatheter Amplatzer occlusion and surgical closure of isolated patent ductus arteriosus

Background Transcatheter Amplatzer occlusion of patent ductus artertiosus （PDA） has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to surgical closure. The goal of this study was to compare long-term clinical outcomes between two procedures, especially on chronic residual shunt, late or very late procedure-related complications, and regression of pulmonary hypertension and left ventricular dilation.
Methods A total 255 patients having isolated PDA with a minimal diameter of ≥4 mm treated from January 2000 to July 2003 were included in this study and have been followed up until July 2008. The patients were assigned to either the device or surgical closure group according to the patients＇ and/or their parents＇ preference. Baseline physical exams, chest roentgenography, electrocardiography, and echocardiography were performed preprocedure and at each follow-up. Results Seventy-two patients accepted the transcatheter procedure （Group-TC） and 183 underwent surgical operation （Group-SO） for PDA closure, both groups were similar in their demographics and preoperative clinical characteristics. There were no cardiac deaths and late complications such as infectious endocarditis and Amplatzer duct occluder （ADO） dislodge in either group. More acute procedure-related complications were recorded in Group-SO （13.7%） compared with Group-TC （1.4%） （P=0.004）. The recovery time was （8.7±2.3） days for the Group-SO and （1.3＋0.5） days for the Group-TC （P〈0.001）. The survival freedom from persistent residual shunt, defined as residual shunt that can not resolve automatically, was 91.3% for Group-SO and 98.6% for Group-TC （P=0.037 by Log-rank test）. There was no significant difference in regression of pulmonary hypertension and left ventricular dilation; neither survival freedom from pulmonary hypertension nor abnormal left ventricular end-diastolic volume index were significantly different between the surgical group and the Amplatzer group.
Conclusions Our study confirmed the long-term safety and efficacy of transcatheter Amplatzer occlusion. In comparison to the time-proven surgical closure, transcatheter Amplatzer occlusion was less invasive and associated with fewer complications and residual shunt, and as effective in the regression of pulmonary hypertension and left ventricular dilation.     

TRANSCATHETER CLOSURE OF LARGE SECUNDUM ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECTS WITH AMPLATZER SEPTAL OCCLUDER

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of transcatheter closure of large secundum atrial septal defects （ ASDs ） with Amplatzer septal occluder （ ASO ） . Methods A total of 26 patients （ age 16 to 67 years, median 43 years; body weight 52 to 102 kg, median 67 kg ） with large ASDs underwent an attempted transcatheter closure using ASO. Large ASD was defined as those with a balloon-stretched diameter of ≥ 30 mm. Another 81 patients with small-to-moderate ASD during same period who underwent closure served as controls. Results In patients with large ASDs, the ASD dimension means were （ 22.1 ± 3. 2 ） mm （ range from 16 to 30 mm） and （23. 8 ± 2. 6） mm（ range from 18 to 31 ram） assessed by transesophageal echocardiography （ TEE ） and transthoracic echocardiography （ TIE）, respectively. The mean balloon-stretched diameter of the ASD was （31.9 ± 2. 1 ） mm （ range from 30 to 37mm ）. The size of device was （32. 0 ±1.9 ）mm （ range from 30 to 36mm）. The transcatheter procedure was successful in all patients （ 100% ）. Seventeen deployments were performed using the conventional left atrium approach, and remaining 9 patients required the right upper pulmonary vein approach. Immediately after deployment, TEE revealed that complete closure rate was 73%. Procedure-related complications were recorded in 3 patients （12%）, including device embolization in one patient, pericardial effusion in one patient, and large hematoma at puncture site in one patient. During follow-up, the complete closure rate increased to 88% at 24 h after procedure and 100% at 6 months. The procedural success rates, immediate TEE results and TTE results at 24 h and 6 months after procedure, were not significantly different between patients with large ASDs and those with small-to-moderate ASDs. Conclusion Transcatheter closure of large ASDs using ASO is technical feasible and relatively safe. Proper care selection and specific technique modification such as the right upper pulmonary vein approach is vital for the implantation success.     

Transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect using an Amplatzerseptal occluder

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Amplatzer septal occluder for transca theter closure in patients with secundum atrial septal defect (ASD Ⅱ). Methods Patients with clinically confirmed ASD Ⅱ were recommended for transcatheter clo sure of ASD Ⅱ. Results 30 ASD Ⅱ patients (20 females) underwent transcatheter closure at a median age of 18.4 years(5-55 years). Both the stretched diameters of ASDs and the sizes o f the devices were from 18 to 34 mm (25±7 mm). The successful placement rate was 100%. The rest shunt documented by color Doppler, was immediately after im plantation in 40% of patients, in 9.9% after 24 hours, and in 3.3% trace at 3 months. No serious complications were observed. There was improvement in symp toms and in cardiac size. Septal motion abnormalities normalized in all patient s after 3 months follow- up. Conclusion The Amplatzer septal occluder is a safe and effective device for transcatheter c losure of ASD Ⅱ. Long- term follow- up is still required before widespread cli nical use can be recommended.     

Application of interventional diagnostic and therapeutic technique for coronary artery fine branch fistula

Objective：To explore the value of angiographic diagnosis and interventional therapy of the coronary artery fine branch fistula. Methods：All of the 18 patients with coronary artery fine branch fistula underwent selective coronary arteriography, 7 underwent interventional therapy, while 8 underwent prosthesis for coronary artery fistula （CAF） under extracorpored circulation. Results：Among 18 cases of coronary artery fine branch fistula, 7 happened in right coronary artery （38. 9%）, 11 in left coronary artery （61. 1%）. Among the 11 cases in left coronary artery,5 happened in descending anterior branch, 5 occurred in left circumflex branch, 1 arised from both left anterior branch and left circumflex branch. Among the 18 cases, there are 10 cases of coronary-to-pulmonary artery fistula （55.6%）, 5 cases of fistula draining into right atrium （27.8%）, 2 cases of fistula draining into left atrium （1 1.1% ） and 1 draining into right ventricle （5.6%）. Interventional treatment was successful in 7 patients. During the 12 months＇ follow-up, there was no cardiovascular events. Conclusion： Selective coronary angiography is the first choice for diagnosing the coronary artery fine branch fistula. In respect of therapy, besides of surgical treatment, intervention is still a rather good measure presently.     

Long-term follow up of interventional therapy of secundum atrial septal defect

Background  The percutaneous transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) is increasingly a widespread alternative to surgical closure. The aim of this study was to assess long-term results of percutaneous closure of secundum-type atrial septal defect (ASD II).

Methods  Between January 2001 and December 2005, 61 patients underwent a successful percutaneous closure of ASD II; including 25 male and 36 female. All were included in the patient study and were followed up to monitor by electrocardiogram and echocardiography, at intervals of 3 days, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 5 years after operation.

Results  Three days after percutaneous transcatheter septal closure (PTSC), the right atrium diameter, right ventricular end-diastolic left-right diameter and right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) decreased significantly (P <0.05). Right ventricular end-diastolic anteroposterior diameter (RVEDD), right ventricular end-systolic volume (RVESV) and right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) also decreased (P<0.01). During the period from 3 to 6 months, the size of the right atrium and right ventricle returned to normal range. Three days after PTSC, the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular-systolic volume (LVSV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were significantly increased (P <0.05). At 1 year, the size of the left atrium, left ventricle and left cardiac function returned to normal range (P <0.01). There were no deaths or significant complications during the study. At five year follow-up, all defects were completely closed and remained closed thereafter. 

Conclusion  Transcatheter closure of ASD II effectively eliminated the abnormal shunt and, subsequently improved the dimensions of each chamber and cardiac function.

     

先天性巨大冠状动脉右室瘘的介入治疗

目的 探讨经导管法封堵先天性巨大冠状动脉瘘的技术方法及其有效性与安全性.方法 对1例先天性粗大、迂曲右冠状动脉右室瘘患者进行经导管封堵治疗.选择性冠脉造影后,建立动-静脉轨道,再沿轨道钢丝经股静脉送人长鞘经瘘口至右冠状动脉,沿鞘管将动脉导管未闭封堵器置于右冠状动脉瘘口处,确定封堵器位置合适后将其完全释放.结果 瘘口完全堵闭,术后无并发症,复查心脏超声示各心腔内径缩小.结论 对迂曲、粗大的冠状动脉瘘,用国产器械经导管封堵治疗安全、有效.     

TRANSCATHETER CLOSURE OF PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS

Ｒ啨ｓｕｍ啨　　 Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｆ　Ｅｘｐｌｏｒｅｒｌ ｅｆｆｉｃａｃｉｔ啨ｄｅｌａｆｅｒｍｅｔｕｒｅｔｒａｎｓｃａｔｈ啨ｔ啨ｒｉｅｎｎｅｄｅｌａｐｅｒｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅｄｕｃａｎａｌａｒｔ啨ｒｉｅｌ (ＰＣＡ )ａｖｅｃｌａｓｐｉｒｅ (ｃｏｉｌ)ｄ啨ｔａｃｈａｂｌｅｅｔａｖｅｃｌｅｂｌｏｑｕｅｕｒＡｍｐｌａｔｚｅｒ (Ａｍｐｌａｔｚｅｒｄｕｃｔｏｃｃｌｕｄｅｒ,ＡＤＯ) ,ｄｉｓｃｕｔｅｒｌｅｓｆａｃｔｅｕｒｓｉｍｐｌｉｑｕ啨ｓ .　Ｍ啨ｔｈｏｄｅｓ　Ｌａｆｅｒｍｅｔｕｒｅｔｒａｎｓｃａｔｈ啨ｔ啨ｒｉｅｎｎｅ…     

应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗先天性心脏病68例

目的：评价Amplatzer封堵器在继发也型房间隔缺损（OSD）和动脉导管未闭（PDA）的介入治疗中的可靠性、安全性和疗效。方法：采用Amplatzer封堵器治疗38例OSD与30例PDA患者，术后24小时，1，3，6月及1年行超声心动图检查，观察封堵效果及无并发症。结果：37例（97．4％）OSD患者成功置入Amplatzer封堵器，其中34例（91．9％），显示即刻封堵完全，3例（8．1％）存在微－少量残余分流。1例28岁男性术后第4天发生无Q波心肌梗死。随访中，未见封堵器移位及再通，右心房、室有不同程度缩小，2例残余分流消失；PDA最窄处直径为2．5－12（平均5．3）mm。29例用PDA封堵器，1例有重度肺动脉高压的粗大PDA采用Amplatzer房封堵器治疗。19例（63．3％）显示即刻封堵完全，所有病例术后24小时（1例48小时）的彩色多普勒检查均未见残余分流。1例发生机械性溶血。随访期中，未出现封堵器移位，、残余分流及再通。结论：用Amplatzer封堵器治疗OSD和PDA是一种安全有效的非外科手术方法，操作简便，创伤小，成功率高。超声心动图在术前、术中、术后均发挥了重要作用。近期疗效满意，远期效果尚需进一步观察。     

先天性冠状动脉瘘的介入治疗效果的评估

目的总结先天性冠状动脉瘘（CAF）的临床解剖特征及介入治疗效果,探讨经导管介入治疗冠状动脉瘘方法及治疗原则.方法采用由动脉系统送入输送长鞘及堵闭器堵闭法和经静脉系统逆行送入输送长鞘及堵闭器堵闭法,应用弹簧圈、动脉导管未闭堵闭器以及室间隔缺损封堵器进行介入手术治疗.结果 13例均成功封堵,术后随访1～18个月,无残余分流及其他并发症.结论经导管介入治疗对先天性冠状动脉瘘疗效良好,但应严格掌握手术适应症,根据冠状动脉瘘的临床解剖特征合理选择封堵器械,减少手术并发症,提高手术成功率。     

儿童动脉导管未闭介入堵闭术的临床疗效评价

目的评价分别运用弹簧圈（Coil）和Amplatzer封堵器（ADO）堵闭小型和中一大型动脉导管未闭（PDA）的临床疗效。方法对1998年5月至2006年1月在我院接受介入封堵术的112名PDA患儿进行回顾性队列研究。结果植入Coil和ADO的患儿分别为19例和93例。AIX）组患儿PDA最窄处直径为1．7～11．0mm，（平均3．53mm），显著高于Coil组患儿1．0～3．3mm（平均1．76mm），P〈0．001。全部患儿均成功完成介入封堵术（100％）。1年随访期中，残余分流率在不同随访时间点分别为Coil组31．6％（即刻）、26．3％（24h）、5．3％（1～3月）、5．3％（9～12月）和ADO组21．5％、6．5％、2．2％和1．2％。近期并发症2例，溶血1例，心律失常1例。远期随访中无溶血、PDA再通和左肺动脉或降主动脉狭窄；无患儿因残余分流需要再次接受介入治疗。结论选择合适的堵闭器经导管介入封堵治疗儿童PDA疗效确切，安全性好。     

先天性冠状动脉瘘20例临床分析

目的 总结先天性冠状动脉瘘的临床特点及诊断、治疗方法.方法 回顾分析2001年9月至2006年7月我院收治通过选择性冠状动脉造影确诊的20例先天性冠状动脉瘘患者的临床资料.结果 冠状动脉瘘来自左冠状动脉12例(60%),包括左主干至肺动脉瘘2例和左前降支至肺动脉瘘10例;来自右冠状动脉7例(35%),包括4例至肺动脉瘘和3例至右心室瘘;1例(5%)来自双侧冠状动脉,也均瘘入肺动脉.主要表现有胸闷、胸痛的9例(45%),劳累性气促7例(35%),心悸4例(20%).心电图表现正常8例,左心室肥大3例,右心室肥大4例,有心肌缺血表现5例.8例行介入封堵治疗,6例行外科手术治疗,其余6例未做治疗 .20例患者随访1个月～5年,预后良好.结论 先天性冠状动脉瘘可经选择性冠状动脉造影确诊,手术治疗或介入治疗均安全、有效,远期效果良好.     

Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭

目的：评价Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭（PDA）的疗效。方法：经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器施行PDA封堵术22例，术前均经胸超声心动图（TTE）检查确诊。术后3天、3个月分别行TTE检查以评估疗效。结果：22例均获成功，术后即刻所有患者心前区连续性杂音消失，15min后胸主动脉造影示18例（81.8%)动脉导管完全封闭，4例有微量或少量的残余分流。术后3天TTE检查示9例有由左向右的少量分流（一年后完全消失），3个月后TTE随访检查仅发现1例存在微量分流，所有病例左心室直径均缩小，未发现封堵器移位、动脉导管再通或肺动脉狭窄等；除1例出现少量心包积液外，未发现其他并发症。结论：应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗PDA操作简便、成功率高、适应证广，是一种治疗PDA的理想方法。     

经皮介入封堵治疗70例冠状动脉瘘疗效分析——单中心经验

目的 评估经皮介入封堵术治疗冠状动脉瘘的疗效,并总结单中心经验.方法 回顾性分析2009年8月至2015年8月在第二军医大学长海医院成功行经皮冠状动脉瘘封堵术治疗的70例患者的临床资料.结果 70例患者中男性42例(60.00％),女性28例(40.00％),平均年龄为(56.30±15.54)岁(15～83岁).共有101个瘘,其中瘘管起源于左主干9例(8.91％),前降支43例(42.57％),回旋支15例(14.85％),右冠34例(33.67％);瘘终止于肺动脉79例(78.22％),右心房16例(15.84％),右心室2例(1.98％),其他4例(3.96％).瘘管的平均直径为(3.95±2.61) mm,均封堵成功,其中使用弹簧圈封堵60例(85.71％),平均植入弹簧圈(2.55±1.76)枚;动脉导管未闭封堵器封堵5例(7.14％),plug封堵2例(2.86％),肌部室间隔缺损封堵器封堵2例(2.86％),封堵器的平均直径为(13.33±4.32) mm;带膜支架封堵1例(1.43％).术后服用阿司匹林肠溶片3～5 mg/(kg·d)6个月,随访1～73个月,平均(33.94±20.93)个月,患者均未发生出血、溶血、栓塞、胸痛及其他不良反应.结论 经皮介入封堵冠状动脉瘘是安全、有效,手术创伤小,可在临床推广应用.     

经导管介入治疗瓦氏窦瘤破裂的临床疗效及其安全性

目的 探讨经导管介入治疗瓦氏窦瘤破裂的临床疗效与安全性.方法 用导管法对1例瓦氏窦瘤(右冠窦)破人右心房患者进行封堵治疗.术后定期随访,复查心脏超声及心电图等,对封堵术前后心脏杂音、各心腔压力、心腔大小变化等进行回顾性分析研究.结果 用12/14 mm的国产PDA封堵器成功封堵.术后即刻心脏杂音消失,右心房、右心室及肺动脉压力分别由术前的21/10、52/2、50/14 mmHg下降为14/5、34/0、33/15 mmHg,左心室内径术前为57 mm,术后第3天复查为49 mm;无并发症发生.结论 经导管介入治疗瓦氏窦瘤破裂是一项安全、有效的新技术,对适合进行介入治疗的患者,可以取代外科手术治疗.