急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者肺内和肺外源性因素分析研究

目的 分析急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者肺内和肺外源性因素。方法 回顾性分析60例ARDS（急性呼吸窘迫综合征）患者临床资料。结果ARDSp（由肺部原因引起的急性呼吸窘迫综合征）患者19例,ARDSexp（由肺外原因引起的急性呼吸窘迫综合征）患者41例;ARDSexp组氧合指数要比ARDSp组高,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;ARDSp组患者主要为肺炎14例,ARDSexp组患者肺外原因主要为急性重症胰腺炎12例;ARDSp组的肺损伤评分、APACHE II评分要比ARDSexp组高,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;ARDSp组死亡10例,ARDSexp组死亡19例,差异不具有统计学意义。结论 对急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者肺内和肺外源性因素分析发现,虽然ARDSexp的患病率较高,但是病情程度较轻,死亡率要比ARDSp组低。     

74例老年急性呼吸窘迫综合征肺内和肺外源性因素分析

目的比较老年患者中肺部原因诱发的急性呼吸窘迫综合征（acute respiratory distress syndrome of pulmonary origin,ARDSp）和肺外原因诱发的ARDS（ARDS of extra-pulmonary origin,ARDSexp）临床特征差异性。方法回顾性研究本院2000年1月-2012年6月收治的符合2012年ARDS柏林定义且年龄〉60岁的老年患者临床资料。结果 ARDSp患者以肺炎最多见,占肺部原因的77.6%;ARDSexp最多见的是脓毒症,占43.8%。ARDSp与ARDSexp组入选时APACHEⅡ评分分别为20.4分和20.7分（P=0.898）,肺损伤评分分别为2.7分和2.5分（P=0.385）,序贯性器官功能衰竭（sequential organ failureassessment,SOFA）评分分别为6.1分和8.4分（P=0.013）,住院病死率分别为58.6%及43.8%（P=0.289）。两组主要死亡原因均为多器官功能障碍综合征和严重呼吸衰竭。结论老年ARDS患者中,尽管ARDSexp组器官功能衰竭重于ARDSp组,但两组在APACHEⅡ评分、肺损伤评分、住院病死率以及主要死亡原因等方面无显著差异。     

肺源性和非肺源性急性呼吸窘迫综合征早期的顺应性及呼吸功比较

目的观察肺源性和非肺源性急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）早期病人应用不同水平呼气末正压（PEEP）时静态呼吸系统总顺应性以及呼吸功的差异。方法将22例ARDS患者分为肺源性ARDS组（ARDSp,10例）和非肺源性ARDS组（ARDSexp,12例）。通过肺监测仪和呼吸机记录食道压变化值（△Peso）、平台压、呼气末压力、呼吸功,通过公式计算静态呼吸系统总顺应性的数值。结果随着PEEP水平的提高,两种原因ARDS的呼吸功均增大;ARDSp的呼吸功大于ARDSexp,除了在15cmH2O水平：在不同PEEP水平时,ARDSp和ARDSexp的静态呼吸系统总顺应性差异无统计学意义。结论ARDSp的呼吸功大于ARDSexp,两者的呼吸系统总顺应性差异无显著性。     

C-反应蛋白下降率对判断严重脓毒症患者预后的作用

目的：探讨治疗后 C-反应蛋白（CRP）下降率对评估严重脓毒症患者预后的作用。方法选择确诊为严重脓毒症的103例患者,根据治疗3 d 后 CRP 下降率分为 A 组（治疗3 d 后 CRP 较治疗前下降＜30％）、B 组（治疗3 d 后 CRP 较治疗前下降30％～50％）、C 组（治疗3 d 后 CRP 较治疗前下降≥50％）,比较3组患者机械通气带机时间、ICU 平均住院天数、平均 ICU 住院费用、平均总住院天数及28 d 病死率。结果A 组患者与 B、C 组患者机械通气平均带机时间、ICU 平均住院天数、平均 ICU 住院费用、平均总住院天数及28 d 病死率比较差异均有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。B 组患者机械通气平均带机时间、ICU 平均住院天数、平均 ICU 住院费用、平均总住院天数及28 d 病死率均高于 C 组,但差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。判断脓毒症患者存活的治疗后3 d CRP 下降率的最佳界点值为31．48％,敏感性为86．54％,特异度为100％。结论严重脓毒症抗感染治疗3 d 后 CRP 下降率是一个敏感性好、特异性强的用于判断患者预后良好的指标。     

兔肺内、外源性急性呼吸窘迫综合征血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液中炎性介质的表达

目的：比较肺内、外源性急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）兔血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中炎性介质的表达。方法：健康新西兰家兔24只，随机分为肺内源性ARDS（ARDSp）组和肺外源性ARDS（ARDSexp）组，每组12只。稀盐酸气管内滴入法制作ARDSp动物模型，静脉注射油酸法制作ARDSexp模型。测定基础状态和注药后静脉血及肺泡灌洗液肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α），白细胞介素1β（IL-1β），IL-6水平。结果：两组动物均在注药后3h内达到ARDS诊断指标；损伤后两组动物血清及BALF炎性介质水平均有增高，ARDSp组动物以BALF中炎性介质表达为主，ARDSexp组动物以血清炎性介质表达为主。结论：由不同原因引起的ARDS由于其发病机制和损伤部位不同，其炎性介质表达和病理改变是不同的，ARDSp的炎性介质表达以BALF为主，病理改变以肺泡水肿、炎细胞浸润为主；ARDSexp的炎性介质表达以血清为主，病理改变以肺间质水肿为主。     

小潮气量加肺复张对甲流重症肺炎的疗效观察

目的:观察比较小潮气量加肺复张(recruitment maneuver,RM)持续时间的选择对肺内/外源性急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDSp/ARDSexp)的影响.方法:选择甲流重症肺炎呼吸衰竭患者10例(ARDSp),外源性急性呼吸窘迫综合征16例(ARDSexp),两组均给予容量-压力控制模式辅助呼吸,甲流呼衰组(ARDSp)在容量-压力控制模式下给予间歇高呼气末正压(PEEP)加小潮气量的RM,评价RM的不同持续时间对ARDSp(ARDSp组,10例)、ARDSexp(ARDSexp组,16例)的影响,比较二者间的差别.结果:RM持续时间≥60s时平均动脉压(MAP)降低、HR加快,较RM前差别有统计学意义,RM停止后恢复正常.与RM前比较,气道平台压(Pplat)、呼吸系统顺应性(Crs)在RM实施时即明显增加(P＜0.05);氧合指数(OI)在RM持续时间≥40s的三个时间段明显增加,SpO2在RM持续时间≥30s的四个时间段明显增加(P＜0.05);在RM持续时间≥60s时,Pplat增加显著,而Crs、OI、SpO2较(40～59)s未见明显增加;对RM反应ARDSexp组优于ARDSp组,两组比较差别有统计学意义(P＜0.05).ARDSp组出现气胸1例,皮下气肿3例;ARDSexp组出现皮下气肿2例,均发生在RM持续时间≥60s.结论:间歇高PEEP加小潮气量的肺复张对甲流重症肺炎呼吸衰竭有效,持续时间宜在(40～59)s,对肺外源性肺损伤比肺内源性肺损伤效果好.     

静脉输注丙种球蛋白治疗急性特发性血小板减少性紫癜32例疗效观察

目的 探讨静脉输注丙种球蛋白（IVIG）治疗急性特发性血小板减少性紫癜（AITP）的疗效。方法 将48例符合AITP患儿分为IVIG治疗组和糖皮质激素（激素）治疗对照组。结果 IVIG治疗组和激素对照组有效率均为95％，但IVIG治疗组血小板回升时间中位数为3．2d，血小板达峰值8.1d，出血症状控制时间为3.5d，对照组的此三项指标为9.2d,12.1d,7.4d，两者比较有显著性意义（P＜0．01）。同时住院天数IVIG组平均为12d，对照组为19d，亦有明显差异。结论 IVIG为治疗AITP理想的药物。     

糖皮质激素与感染造成外周血白细胞计数升高的鉴别

目的：探讨患者应用糖皮质激素后出现白细胞升高是糖皮质激素的作用还是感染加重,注意分析可避免抗菌药物的滥用,节约医疗成本。方法收集2011年1月至2012年12月于该科住院和门诊治疗的74例患者,根据其病种及治疗方案分为非感染激素组（n＝15）、感染非激素组（n＝29）和感染激素组（n＝30）,分别在糖皮质激素和（或）抗菌药物治疗0、3、7 d时采集静脉血,对其外周血白细胞计数（WBC）、C反应蛋白（CRP）及外周白血细胞形态进行检测。结果与治疗同期感染非激素组比较,感染激素组在应用糖皮质激素3 d和7 d后WBC显著升高（P＜0．01）;两激素组在应用糖皮质激素3 d和7 d后WBC无显著差异（P＞0．05）,两激素组外周血涂片可见较多分叶核中性粒细胞（P＜0．05）。而感染激素组与感染非激素组比较,CRP变化无显著差异（P＞0．05）。结论糖皮质激素升高外周血白细胞,以升高中性粒细胞为主,可以以CRP及外周血涂片结果为参考指标了解患者感染控制情况。     

脑出血并发高钠血症18例临床特点分析

152例脑出血患者按血钠水平分为高钠血症组（18例）和对照组（134例），对两组进行对照分析，结果高钠血症组死亡11例，病死率61．11％；对照组死亡26例，病死率19．40％，两者差异有显著意义（P＜0．01）。丘脑出血发生率，高钠血症组明显高于对照组（P＜0．05）；空腹血糖浓度≥6.1mmol/L、血白细胞计数≥10.0g/L、血压≥23.9/14.6kPa、体温≥39℃及血肿破入脑室者百分比，高钠血症组均明显高于对照组（P＜0．01）。结果表明，脑出血并发高钠血症主要与其自身病理生理机理有关；其病死率高，多预后不良。     

NP方案与MVP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效比较

目的：比较NP方案与MVP方案对晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的治疗效果。方法：86例患分别用NP（NVB 25mg/m^2,iv,d1.8;DDP50mg/日，iv,d1-3）或MVP（MMC6－8mg/m^2,iv,d1;vds3mg/m^2,iv,d1.8;DDP50mg/日，iv,d1-3)方案治疗1。结果：NP组总有效率47．5％（19／40），CR3例，PR16例；MVP组总有效率43．5％（20／46），无CR，PR20例。两组总有效率无显性差异（P＞0．05），分析影响疗效的因素发现，病期早较病期晚好（P＜0．05）初治较复治好，但统计学无显性差异（P＞0．05）。骨髓抑制为限制性反应，白细胞下降分别为100％和91．3％，Ⅲ度以上下降分别为55％和24％。注射局部毒性反应在NP组72．2％，Ⅲ度8．3％。MVP组无此反应。结论：对晚期非小细胞肺癌，选用NP方案和MVP方案疗效均较好且相似，值得临床采用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.