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1.
陈成 《卫生职业教育》2011,29(7):99-100
目的了解脑膜垂体干的起始、走行、分布及变异情况,为鞍区肿瘤手术时保护该动脉及为治疗颈内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤提供解剖学依据。方法成人头颅灌注标本60例,显微镜下对脑膜垂体干进行解剖观察和测量。结果脑膜垂体干绝大部分起源于后曲段附近的管壁,出现率为100.0%,起始处直径为0.62~1.24(0.86±0.20)mm,发出3个分支,分别为垂体下动脉、脑膜背动脉和小脑幕动脉。2种分支类型:典型三分支型占70.0%,非典型三分支型占30.0%。结论了解脑膜垂体干显微结构为鞍区手术时保护该动脉及治疗颈内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤提供依据。  相似文献   

2.
目的:研究扩大经鼻入路颈内动脉海绵窦段的显微解剖特征,为相关手术提供形态学依据.方法:采用10例防腐尸颅,按经鼻路径在显微镜下进行解剖,观测颈内动脉与蝶窦外侧壁和垂体的关系,颈内动脉海绵窦段及其分支的走行、分布情况,测量颈内动脉海绵窦段各分段与中线的距离.结果:前鼻棘到颈内动脉隆起最凸点的连线长度为(74.5±3.1)mm,颈内动脉海绵窦段可分为鞍旁部和斜坡旁部,主要有2个分支;前垂直段、前曲段、水平段、后曲段、后垂直段内侧壁与中线的距离分别为(7.4±1.0),(9.0±1.3),8.3±2.5),(7.6±1.4)和(8.9±1.5)mm.结论:采用扩大经鼻入路可处理侵袭海绵窦内侧腔的病变,颈内动脉海绵窦段及其分支是扩大经鼻入路处理海绵窦病变所遇到的主要解剖结构,熟悉相关动脉的解剖学特点,对于减少术中出血、安全处理海绵窦病变有重要意义.  相似文献   

3.
目的:探讨神经内镜单鼻孔蝶窦入路在垂体腺瘤显微手术中的应用。方法:回顾分析经鼻蝶入路显微切除垂体腺瘤患者17例的临床资料。结果:17例垂体腺瘤全切14例(82.35%),次全切3例(17.64%)。术后6例出现一过性尿量增多,1例出现尿崩,2例发生脑脊液鼻漏。神经内镜可观察鞍底及周围重要结构(颈内动脉隆凸、海绵窦、鞍结节、斜坡等),并了解肿瘤切除情况。结论:单鼻孔经蝶垂体腺瘤显微切除术中应用神经内镜可做到二者优势互补,提高肿瘤切除率及减少并发症。  相似文献   

4.
目的为临床开展鼻内镜下上颌窦及经上颌窦翼腭窝或海绵窦手术提供上颌窦裂孔区解剖学数据。方法收集骨性鼻腔外侧壁保存完好的成人颅骨69具,鼻内镜下确定上颌窦裂孔大体标志和主要结构,测量前鼻嵴至上颌窦裂孔前缘的最上、中、下三点距离,以及前鼻嵴与上颌窦裂孔前缘最上、下两处连线与以鼻底作为水平线的夹角。根据上颌窦裂孔的解剖参数,自行设计出上颌窦盥洗针头并应用于鼻内镜下鼻窦开放术后系统随访,随访过程中使用上颌窦盥洗针头进行鼻窦盥洗,并进行鼻内镜检查,完成系统随访6个月后判断治疗效果。结果右侧前鼻嵴至上颌窦裂孔前缘的最上、中、下三点距离分别为(3.016±0.228)、(2.753±0.311)、(3.031±0.298)mm,左侧为(2.976±0.264)、(2.849±0.216)、(3.036±0.277)mm;前鼻嵴与上颌窦裂孔前缘最上、下两处连线与以鼻底作为水平线的右侧和左侧的夹角分别为(50.000±9.058)°、(39.078±9.541)°,(49.670±8.345)°、(40.980±8.709)°,左右侧距离及夹角比较,差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。上颌窦盥洗针头尺寸和大小、角度均有较好的设计,系统随访发现:使用上颌窦盥洗针头结合鼻内镜检查的随访技术,为鼻内镜下鼻窦手术的愈后带来良好效果。结论鼻内镜下前鼻嵴至上颌窦裂孔前缘的距离约3 cm,前鼻嵴与上颌窦裂孔前缘最上、下两处连线与鼻底水平线的夹角30°~60°。上颌窦盥洗针头的应用结合鼻内镜下鼻窦术腔的微处理模式能对鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的预后产生理想效果。  相似文献   

5.
目的为鼻内镜下扩大经蝶蝶鞍区手术中准确定位及避免损伤鞍区重要解剖结构提供解剖学参数。方法在鼻内镜下对20例头颅标本解剖,并对蝶窦后壁进行分区,准确定位蝶鞍、颈内动脉隆凸、视神经管。显微镜下观察、测量相关解剖结构。结果沿颈内动脉隆凸两侧缘分别画2条直线,4条直线将蝶窦后壁分成5个区域。测量了蝶鞍不同部位的厚度:鞍结节[2.20±0.19(0.63~6.90)]mm,鞍前壁[0.71±0.06(0.36~2.78)]mm;鞍底[0.94±0.18(0.23~2.81)]mm。垂体的横径为[14.72±1.07(10.92~18.38)]mm,前后径为[10.13±0.92(9.37~12.51)]mm,上下径为[5.13±0.74(2.37~7.91)]mm。结论内镜下扩大经蝶蝶鞍区手术时,按以上方法将蝶窦分成5个区域可准确定位鞍区的解剖结构,参考上述解剖数据有利于术中提供安全区域,避免损伤重要解剖结构。  相似文献   

6.
目的 探索内镜下经扩大蝶窦人路显露斜坡区的可行性,为切除斜坡区病变提供解剖学资料.方法 在10例成人头部固定标本上,模拟内镜扩大经蝶窦手术入路显露斜坡,观察有关显微解剖结构;收集40例成人头颅神经导航影像学资料并在神经导航仪中测量相关解剖距离.结果 扩大经蝶窦内镜入路在硬膜外可显露从鞍后到斜坡、枕骨大孔前缘的中线附近结构;在硬膜下可显露椎基底动脉及其分支、后交通动脉及其与大脑后动脉汇合处、动眼神经、脑干腹侧等结构.在神经导航仪中测得以下数据:前鼻棘至蝶窦口、鞍底、颈内动脉隆突、视神经管隆突、咽结节、枕骨大孔前端的距离分别为(57.61±5.18)、(72.83±6.75)、(67.27±6.27)、(68.89±6.51)、(78.27±5.74)、(91.08±5.20)mm;双侧破裂孔间距、颈静脉结节间距、颈静脉孔间距、颈内动脉管外口间距、内耳门水平岩枕裂间距分别为(21.12±4.78)、(21.37±2.16)、(38.26±3.45)、(50.14±5.54)、(24.27±4.31)mm.结论 内镜下扩大经蝶窦手术人路可清晰显露鞍后一斜坡的解剖结构,适用于此区病变的手术治疗.神经影像导航系统可应用于颅底解剖测量,简单、精确,优势明显.  相似文献   

7.
目的:研究颈内动脉海绵窦段的外科解剖特点,为临床海绵窦相关手术提供解剖学依据.方法:16具成人尸头,在手术显微镜下观察颈内动脉海绵窦段的走行、分支及其与海绵窦内脑神经、周围结构的关系.结果:颈内动脉海绵窦段分5段,主要分支有3个.颈内动脉前曲段内侧缘距垂体中线10.13~15.02 mm,平均(10.86±2.56) ...  相似文献   

8.
目的 探讨采用经鼻蝶向鞍底两侧扩大切除侵入海绵窦的垂体腺瘤的术中护理方法.方法 对20例经鼻蝶向鞍底两侧扩大切除侵入海绵窦的垂体腺瘤手术的护理资料,进行回顾性分析.结果 本组20例手术过程顺利,术中全部切除18例,次全切除2例.无感染、昏迷及死亡.结论 精心的术中护理可提高治疗效果,正确完善的护理配合可降低手术并发症的发生率.  相似文献   

9.
经蝶海绵窦手术静脉腔隙的解剖学研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
目的 探讨经蝶海绵窦(CS)手术中相关静脉腔隙的解剖位置和形态特点.方法 取血管灌注的尸头标本10例,经蝶入路暴露鞍底硬膜和CS下壁并切开,确定前、下海绵间窦在鞍底的相对位置.对CS静脉腔隙进行观察和测量,分析可利用的静脉空间.结果 4例标本有明显的前海绵间窦,5例有下海绵间窦,前海绵间窦位于视神经隆突下方,而下海绵间窦位于鞍底隆突向斜坡压迹转折处.CS分为内侧、下外侧和背外侧静脉腔,内侧和下外侧腔在经蝶手术中能方便使用,但背侧腔由于鞍旁段颈内动脉上水平部的阻挡,对经蝶入路影响较大.结论 经蝶海绵窦手术时,了解海绵间窦在鞍底的相对位置,并合理利用各CS静脉腔隙,能减少不必要的静脉出血,避免血管、神经的损伤.  相似文献   

10.
目的探讨内镜或内镜辅助下的经鼻-蝶窦入路治疗海绵窦内病变的解剖学基础。方法乳胶灌注汉族成人尸头湿标本10例,2例矢状位沿中线切开,在手术显微镜下解剖海绵窦内侧壁。8例在神经内镜下模拟经鼻中隔旁入路、中鼻甲切除入路和经中鼻道入路暴露双侧海绵窦内侧壁。结果垂体侧方的海绵窦内侧壁只有一层硬膜结构。蝶窦后壁的斜坡凹陷是全鞍型蝶窦常见而且确定的解剖标志,打开海绵窦内侧壁,内镜下可清晰观察海绵窦内结构:颈内动脉及其分支,外展神经,动眼神经,滑车神经和眼神经。结论采用单纯内镜经鼻-蝶窦入路可清楚地显露海绵窦内侧壁的结构,这一入路对手术器械、设备和手术者的技术均有较高要求。  相似文献   

11.
Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P< 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P< 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.  相似文献   

12.
Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P < 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (>0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P <0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P < 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.  相似文献   

13.
Objective: To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods: SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer's was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava (IVC) inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results: Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion: This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.  相似文献   

14.
Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.  相似文献   

15.
Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.  相似文献   

16.
A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care(~'4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.  相似文献   

17.
Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.  相似文献   

18.
FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…  相似文献   

19.
Journal of Nanjing Medical University (English Edition) JNMU, sponsored by Nanjing Medical University, was established in 1987. It is a bimonthly comprehensive English medical journal published locally and abroad.Since 2007, Journal of Nanjing Medical University (English Edition )was granted Elsevier the full publishing and distribution rights worldwide for the Electronic Edition, excluding the People's Republic of China.  相似文献   

20.
目的:评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(PPCI)术后生活质量的影响.方法:将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组(术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次)和对照组(仅接受基础药物治疗).所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表(MIDAS)、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果:入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异(P>0.05);出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低(P<0.05);组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低(P<0.05).两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血(P>0.05).两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异(P>0.05).结论:PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.  相似文献   

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