细胞间黏附分子-1表达对背驮式肝移植供肝质量评价的实验研究

目的 探讨背驮式肝移植供肝缺血再灌注损伤中细胞间黏附分子-1(intercell adhesion moleculer-1,ICAM-1)表达对评价供肝质量的应用价值.方法 Wistar大鼠30只随机分为A、B、C 3组,制备大鼠PBLT缺血再灌注损伤模型,A组为缺血30min组,B组为缺血60min组,C组为缺血120min组.根据肝组织中水变性、脂肪变性坏死肝细胞的百分比分为3个不同的损伤程度组(轻度损伤组、中度损伤组、重度损伤组),分析3组大鼠血清中ALT的浓度变化与肝组织中ICAM-1分子表达的关系.结果 随着缺血再灌注损伤程度的加重大鼠血清中的ALT也呈梯度升高,各纽之间差异有显著性(P＜0.05);肝组织中ICAM-1分子的表达也呈梯度增高,各组之间差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 该实验显示,ICAM-1分子的表达对评价供肝质量分级标准有重要的意义.     

HSP70在大鼠肝移植缺血预处理中的变化及其保护效应

目的:研究热休克蛋白70(heat shock protein,HSP70)在大鼠肝移植供肝缺血预处理中的变化及其产生的保护效应.方法:建立大鼠原位肝移植缺血预处理模型.随机分成3组:未行肝移植对照组(C组)、肝移植(liver transplantation,LT)组和缺血预处理肝移植(ischemic precondition,IP)组.术后在分析各组供肝组织HSP70表达变化的同时,检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)活性,供肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、ATP含量,并在光镜下观察各组肝细胞形态学改变.结果:与C组相比,LT组HSP70表达量轻度增高,而IP组显著升高(P＜0.05).LT组血清ALT、AST活性显著高于C组,肝组织SOD、ATP含量呈相反变化(P＜0.05);与LT组相比,IP组血清ALT、AST活性明显降低,肝组织SOD、ATP含量显著升高(P＜0.05).光镜下观察到LT组供肝细胞形态学出现明显损伤性改变,而IP组改变较小.结论:缺血预处理可以诱导大鼠原位移植肝高表达HSP70,后者可能是减轻缺血再灌注对供肝损伤的一个重要保护分子.     

银杏叶提取物在大鼠肝移植缺血再灌注损伤中的预处理效用

目的:探讨银杏叶提取物对大鼠移植肝缺血再灌注损伤模型的预处理效用.方法:采用Kamada's袖套法建立大鼠缺血再灌注原位肝移植模型.将大鼠随机分成假手术组(SO组)、生理盐水对照组(NS组)、银杏叶提取物预处理组(EGb组).各组分别观察移植肝再灌注后2 h、6 h和24 h肝组织中TNF-α、IL-1含量及血清ALT和AST含量和肝组织学变化.结果:SO组与NS组血清ALT和AST含量,肝组织TNF-α和IL-1活性明显升高(P＜0.01),肝细胞形态学发生异常变化.EGb预处理组,上述指标的异常变化均明显减轻,与NS组比较差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01).结论:银杏叶提取物可通过抑制Kuffer氏细胞激活减少释放TNF-α和IL-1始动因子并调控缺血再灌注因子水平达到保护供肝作用.     

银杏叶提取物预处理对大鼠移植肝的保护作用

目的探讨在大鼠移植肝缺血再灌注损伤中TNF-α,IL-1的表达及银杏叶提取物的保护作用.方法采用Kamadas袖套法建立大鼠原位肝移植模型.将大鼠随机分成假手术组(SO组)、生理盐水对照组(NS组)、银杏叶提取物预处理组(EGb组).观察移植肝再灌注后2 h、6 h和24 h肝组织中TNF-α、IL-1含量及血清ALT、AST活性和肝组织学变化及银杏叶提取物对上述指标的影响.结果移植肝缺血再灌注损伤时血清ALT、AST含量,肝组织TNF-α、IL-1活性明显升高(P＜0.01),肝细胞形态学发生异常变化.银杏叶提取物预处理组,上述指标的异常变化均明显减轻,其差异有显著性(P＜0.01).结论TNF-α、IL-1是肝缺血再灌注损伤(Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuq,HIRI)的重要发病因素,银杏叶提取物可通过降低TNF-α、IL-1,减轻HIRI.对供肝有保护作用.     

双重血流同时开放减轻大鼠肝移植胆管I/R损伤的研究

目的 探讨门静脉、肝动脉双重血流同时开放对大鼠肝移植胆管缺血/再灌注(I/R)损伤的保护作用.方法 选用雄性SD大鼠建立大鼠自体原位肝移植模型,根据肝脏恢复血供时门静脉、肝动脉血流是否同时开放,将大鼠随机分为双重血流同时开放组(P组)和门静脉先开放组(N组),另设假手术作对照组(S组).分别于供肝再灌注后2、6及24h处死各组动物.检测血清ALT、AST、GGT、AKP、TBiL及DBiL水平,HE切片作病理组织学检查,比色法测定髓过氧化物酶(MPO)的含量,RT-PCK法检测胆管组织TNF-a及ICAM-1 mRHA的表达.结果 肝脏再灌注后6、24 h两个时点P组的GGT水平明显低于N组水平(P＜0.05);肝脏再灌注后24 h.P组的AKP、TBiL、DBiL水平及胆管损伤病理学评分明显低于N组水平(P＜0.05);再灌注后6 h,N组大鼠肝组织的MPO含量明显高于P组(P＜0.05);供肝再灌注后2 h、6 h,P组大鼠肝组织TNF-a及ICAM-1 mRNA的相对表达水平明显低于N组(P＜0.05).结论 门静脉、肝动脉双重血流同时开放.有利于减轻肝移植物胆管组织的I/R损伤;其机制可能与TNF-a和ICAM-1表达水平的降低以及中性粒细胞浸润的减少有关.     

丹参对大鼠移植肝脏再灌注损伤中TNF α及IL 1水平的影响

目的探讨丹参对大鼠原位肝移植供肝缺血-再灌流损伤中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)及白介素1(IL 1)的影响。方法将40只SD大鼠分为对照组、丹参组及假手术组,建立原位肝移植模型,在供肝灌注冷保存时,以4?℃乳酸林格氏液为基液,丹参组灌注保存液中加丹参注射液(60?mL/L),对照组不加丹参。保存5?h后置入受体。移植后6?h处死大鼠取样,检测血清中AST、ALT水平;测定肝组织中丙二醛(MDA)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)及白介素1(IL 1)的含量,并对比观察病理形态学的改变。结果对照组、丹参组较假手术组肝移植术后AST、ALT明显升高,肝组织中MDA含量、TNF α和IL 1明显升高,但丹参组上述指标的异常变化均明显减轻,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。丹参组较对照组肝组织的再灌注损害程度明显减轻。结论丹参可以降低大鼠移植肝脏再灌注损伤中TNF α及IL 1水平,对移植肝脏缺血-再灌注损伤具有保护作用。     

缺血预处理对大鼠原位肝脏移植供肝的保护作用

目的；研究缺血预处理对大鼠肝移植供肝的保护作用。方法：将大鼠随机分为对照组（A组，未行肝移植术），肝移植组（B组）和缺血预处理肝移植组（C组），术后检测各组血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT），谷草转氨酶（AST），乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性和肝组织ATP，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），丙二醛（MDA）含量，通过光镜和透射电镜分别观察各组肝脏组织细胞形态学改变，结果：术后B组血清ALT，AST，LDH活性及供肝组织MDA含量显著高于A组，而C组升高不明显，并且随着缺血预处理次数增加而递减，B组供肝组织中ATP和SOD含量显著低于A组，而C组降低不明显，并且随着缺血预处理 次数增加而接近A组含量，细胞形态学检查结果表明，与B组比较，C组供肝组织细胞结构改变较小，结论：适当的缺血预处理可以减轻大鼠供肝缺血再灌注损伤，增强对供肝的细胞保护作用。     

单唾液酸神经节苷脂对大鼠缺血再灌注脑损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨单唾液酸神经节苷脂（monosialoganglioside 1，GM1）对老年大鼠缺血再灌注脑损伤的保护作用及机制，为体外循环围手术期尤其是老年患者寻找有效的脑保护剂。方法：选择鼠龄4～5月和鼠龄11-12月健康雄性Wistar大鼠各18只，分为成年组和老年组，各组再随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注组、GM1治疗组3组。采用Pulsinelli四血管阻断法制备缺血再灌注脑损伤模型，再灌注后24h取脑，测定脑组织含水量、丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）含量并行脑组织形态学观察。结果：与成年组相比，老年组大鼠脑组织含水量差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），但MDA含量明显升高（P〈0．05）；缺血再灌注后，各组脑组织含水量和MDA含量均高于假手术组，且老年组大鼠脑组织含水量和MDA含量均高于成年组（P〈0．01）；GM1治疗组大鼠脑组织含水量和MDA含量均明显低于缺血再灌注组（P〈0．05—0．01），病理改变亦明显减轻，但GM1治疗组大鼠脑组织含水量和MDA含量仍高于假手术组（P〈0．05—0．01）。结论：GM1通过减轻脂质过氧化和脑水肿，可明显改善老年大鼠缺血再灌注脑损伤。     

抑肽酶对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨抑肽酶对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法:将48只Wastar大鼠随机分成假手术组、缺血再灌入组和预防性抑肽酶组,检测不同时间血浆或肝组织中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量变化及肝组织病理变化。结果:用抑肽酶处理组大鼠血清ALT及肝组织中MDA含量明显低于缺血再灌注(P<0.01)而肝组织中SOD含量则高于缺血再灌注组(P<0.01)肝细胞形态学异常改变较缺血再灌注组也明显减轻。结论:抑肽酶对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤起保护作用。     

实验性大鼠原位肝移植供肝热缺血损伤研究

目的:探讨肝移植中供肝热缺血再灌注损伤发生机制。方法:建立大鼠动脉化肝移植胆道外引流模型,测定术后24h移植肝组织学、肝功能和移植肝细胞间粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)mRNA转录水平的变化。结果:随着供肝热缺血时间的延长,移植肝损伤加重,血清ALT、AST、LDH、GGT、DBIL和ICAM-1mRNA转录水平显著升高。结论:肝移植中供肝热缺血主要损伤肝细胞,血清ALT、AST、LDH是反映供肝热缺血造成肝细胞损伤的指标。ICAM-1可能是导致移植肝缺血再灌注时肝细胞损伤的主要因素。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…