Transmission of the Y chromosome microdeletion to a baby boy conceived after intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Subfertility can be caused by acquired or genetic factors. Y chromosome microdeletion is one of the genetic factors associating with male infertility.1 Azoospermia factors (AZFa, AZFb and AZFc) have been mapped to different subregions in Yq11.2 So far, two gene families, RNA-binding motif (RBM) and deleted in azoospermia (DAZ) from interval 6, were proposed as candidate spermatogenesis genes for AZF.3,4 Recent studies demonstrated that microdeletions were detected at a frequency of 5% to 18% in the AZF region of oligospermic and azoospermic men.5-7 With the development of assisted reproductive technologies, particularly intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), these men can now father a child and the genetic abnormalities in defective spermatozoa could be transmitted to future offspring. To examine the possible transmission of the Y-chromosome microdeletion to the offspring via ICSI treatment, we performed both cytogenetic and molecular analyses of the Y chromosome on both an infertile patient with Y chromosome microdeletion and his offspring.     

High risk genetic factor in Chinese patients with idiopathic male infertility: deletion of DAZ gene copy on Y chromosome

Idiopathic azoospermia or oligozoospermia affects approximately 2%-4% of all married males. Recently studies have confirmed that the deletion of DAZ in AZF cregion of Y chromosome may be one of the important genetic aetiologies of Caucasian male infertility. To determine the relationship between DAZ gene deletion and idiopathic male infertility in Chinese population, we analysed the DAZ gene copy number of AZFc region in patients with idiopathic azoospermia or oligozoospermia,as well as fertile Chinese men.     

Histology and Immunohistochemistry Study on Mianbu Fang Healing Immunological Infertility of Male Mice

Recently,immunological infertility due to As Ab attracted greatinterests amongdomestic and oversea scholars. Traditional Chinese Medicine ( TCM) have been usedin curing the immunological infertility by domestic scholars,butmostly in clinic[1 - 2 ] .Meanwhile,experimental studies on immunological infertility were carried out re-cently[3 ,4] .LIANG Guo-zheng etal,[3 ] used theindex of serum As Ab of rat,LAIAn-ni[4] used the index of serum As Ab and cytotoxic antibody to sperm in female m…     

Cupping Therapy for Diseases: An Overview of Scientific Evidence from 2009 to 2019

Cupping therapy has been accepted worldwide, and many studies have been conducted to reveal its curative effects and mechanisms. To comprehensively evaluate the effect of cupping therapy, database including China Network Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journal Database VIP, Wan Fang Database, Chinese Biomedicine (CBM), PubMed and Web of Science were searched from 2009–2019. We summarized all the meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials and the mechanisms studies of cupping therapy in the previous 10 years, hoping to provide a reference for the clinical applications and studies.     

Change in cholesterol absorption and synthesis markers in patients with coronary heart disease after combination therapy with simvastatin plus ezetimibe

Background Statins and ezetimibe have been reported to change the balance of cholesterol metabolism,but few studies have been performed on Chinese patients.The aim of this study was to evaluate changes...     

Understanding the viscera-related theory that the lung and large intestine are exterior-interiorly related

Pairing of the viscera and bowels is an important theory,which provides guidance to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) clinical practice.Investigating this theory has been the focus of research on the basic theory of TCM.Recently,researchers have performed many studies on the theory that the lung and large intestine are exterior-interiorly related,which is a different point of view to that of previous literature,recent clinical studies and experimental studies,and these recent studies have enforced the theoretical connotation of the statement.However,there are problems in some of these studies including recent clinical studies and experimental studies.In the current article,literature on the viscera-related theory of the lung and large intestine are exterior-interiorly related is reviewed from physiological,pathological,and clinical views,and some opinions on the current research status are discussed.     

Clinical signs and genetic sequencing of benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis

Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis （BRIC） is a Prare autosomal recessive liver disease characterizedby intermittent attacks of cholestasis that was first reported by Summerskill and Walshe in 1959.1 A few reports on patients with BRIC in China have been described in recent years, however, it is still a challenge to give the patients a correct diagnosis. Therefore, we collected five cases in the Beijing Friendship Hospital and the China-Japan Friendship Hospital in the past two years to summarize their clinical features, and explore the mutation region of the ATP8B1 gene from Chinese patients with BRIC.     

Enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis: A nationwide data from the Chinese Registry of Psoriatic Arthritis (CREPAR)

Background: The clinical features of enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have been reported in some Western countries, but data in China are very limited. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of enthesitis in Chinese patients with PsA and compared them with those in other cohorts.Methods: Patients with PsA enrolled in the Chinese Registry of Psoriatic Arthritis (CREPAR) (December 2018 to June 2021) were included. Data including demographics, clinical characteristics...     

Male infertility: polymerase chain reaction-based deletion mapping of genes on the human chromosome

INTRODUCTION: Y chromosome microdeletions are common in about 10-15 percent of men with azoospermia or severe oligospermia. These microdeletions are too small to be detected by karyotyping. They can be easily identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Most of the microdeletions that cause azoospermia or oligospermia occur in the non-overlapping regions of the long arm of the Y chromosome. These regions, also called azoospermia factor regions (AZF), are responsible for spermatogenesis. The loci are termed AZFa, AZFb and AZFc from proximal to distal Yq. Several genes located in AZF regions for spermatogenesis is viewed as "AZF candidate genes". This study aims at PCR-based rapid analysis of Y chromosome microdeletion, which is a cause for male infertility. METHODS: PCR amplification using Y-specific STS (sequence tagged sites) of AZF regions for AZFa: DBY and sY84, AZFb: RBM1 and sY127, and AZFc: BPY2 and sY254, were conducted. RESULTS: Of the 30 infertile men, 17 were azoospermic and 13 were severely oligospermic. Severe oligospermia was diagnosed in those patients who produced only one-third the concentrations of the sperm of that found in fertile men. Four patients showed a deletion of one or more STS. Two patients had complete deletion of AZFc loci, three patients had complete deletion of AZFa loci and two patients had complete deletion of AZFb loci. CONCLUSION: The frequency involving the microdeletion in the AZF region was found in four out of 30 azoospermic and severely oligospermic infertile men, i.e. 13.3 percent of the total deletions.     

严重少精子和无精子的不育患者Y染色体微缺失的检测

目的 探讨男性不育患者Y染色体微缺失检测的临床意义.方法应用两个多重聚合酶链反应技术对南京医科大学第一附属医院2003年7月-2005年3月收治的143例严重少精子和无精子的不育患者（严重少精子症80例、无精子症63例）进行Y染色体微缺失检测.结果在143例患者中,我们发现21例（21/143,14.7%）微缺失,其中特发性不育患者12例（严重少精子症3例、无精子症9例）,非特发性不育患者9例（严重少精子症3例、无精子症6例）.21例微缺失患者中,1例位于AZFa区,2例位于AZFb＋AZFc区,2例位于AZFb区,16例位于AZFc区.21例微缺失患者中,4例睾丸病理显示为成熟阻滞,6例为严重精子发生低下,11例为唯支持细胞综合征.在特发性和非特发性患者中AZF微缺失发生的位置和范围差异无统计学意义.结论建议对特发性不育和非特发性不育患者,特别是那些寻求卵胞内精子注射治疗的患者,都应进行Y染色体微缺失的检测.     

中国南方地区不育男性Y染色体AZF区域微缺失分析

目的 检测并分析中国南方地区不育男性Y染色体上无精症因子（Azoospermia factor,AZF）区域的微缺失情况。方法 运用多重PCR技术选用18个STS位点分为四组,设置空白对照,并采用正常男性DNA标本为阳性对照,筛查在海南医学院附属医院生殖医学中心就诊的1 152例诊断为无精、少精及弱精男性的AZFa、AZFb、AZFc和AZFd 4个区域的微缺失情况。结果 1 152例男性患者中共检出67例AZF微缺失,缺失率为5.8%;其中,无精症13例,弱精症1例,少精症7例,严重少精症46例。上述患者中60例被检出AZFc合并AZFd区或AZFb合并AZFd区的双重缺失,1例被检出AZFc、AZFb合并AZFd区的三重缺失;就各区缺失率而言,AZFa为1.49%（1/67）,AZFb为4.48%（3/67）,AZFc为92.54%（62/67）,AZFd为95.52%（64/67）。结论 采用多重PCR技术进行AZF微缺失检测十分简单可行,该项检测对了解男性不育发生原因、帮助临床制定辅助生殖技术方案十分必要。     

特发性无精或严重少精症患者生精基因微缺失的检测及临床意义

目的：探讨特发性无精或严重少精症生精基因微缺失的检测方法和临床意义。方法：应用PCR技术对40例无精或严重少精的不育症患者进行Y染色体AZFa、AZFb和AZFc基因微缺失的检测。 结果：4例患者（10%）存在AZFa基因的微缺失,5例患者（12.5%）存在AZFc基因的微缺失,SRY基因PCR扩增结果均为阳性。阳性对照(正常已育男性)均无AZFa、AZFb、AZFc和SRY基因微缺失,阴性对照(正常女性)无基因扩增产物。 结论：在男性不育患者中,Y染色体AZFa、AZFb和AZFc基因微缺失是无精或严重少精症发生原因之一,生精基因检测可为正确诊断和合理治疗提供科学依据。     

特发性无精子症和少精子症患者无精子因子的研究

目的探讨国人特发性无精子症和少精子症患者Y染色体长臂近端无精子因子基因变异情况.方法运用聚合酶链反应技术对40例特发性无精子症和7例严重少精子症患者以及40例正常生育男性的Y染色体AZF区域的5个序列标签位点和Y染色体性别决定区进行检测. 结果在47例患者中发现5例(10.64%)存在缺失,SRY在所有的待测标本中存在,在40例正常生育男性中未发现有目标基因的缺失.结论 Y染色体长臂上的微小缺失是导致国人特发性无精子症和严重少精子症的危险因素之一;USP9Y可能对生精过程的调控作用有限;相对于AZFb区域,基因缺失在AZFc区域和AZFa区域发生较多,在ICSI术前应重点检测这两个区域的基因缺失情况.     

男性不育患者Y染色体AZF区微缺失分析

目的：探讨Y染色体上无精子因子(AZF)微缺失与男性不育的关系。方法：应用多重PCR技术,采用AZF区9个序列标签位点（STS）,对107例男性不育患者（83例无精子症和24例严重少精子症）和20例正常生育男性外周血进行微缺失分析。结果：在107例无精症和少精子症不育患者中11例AZF区域微缺失,缺失率10.3%,其中无精症组缺失率为9.6％（8/83）,少精子症组缺失率为12.5％（3/24）。11例微缺失患者中,单独AZFc区缺失患者5例（45.5%）, AZFc+d区缺失患者4例（36.4％）, AZFb+c区、AZFb+c+d区缺失患者各1例(9.1%);位点sY254和sY255缺失患者分别为72.7％（8/11）和100％（11/11）。20例正常生育男性未检测出Y染色体微缺失。结论：Y染色体AZF微缺失是导致男性不育患者精子发生障碍的重要原因。     

Relationship between microdeletion on Y chromosome and patients with idiopathi c azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia in the Chinese

目的：研究特发生无精症和严重少精症患与Y染色体微缺失或突变的关系,建立无精症和严重少精症患Y染色体微缺失的分子检测方法。方法：应用PCR技术对101例无精症和严重少精症患（其中无精症73例,严重少精症28例）进行Y染色体AZFa（sY84和USP9Y）、AZFb、AZFc/DAZ、SRY的微缺失或突变检测。结果：12例患（12％）有AZFc的微缺失（其中无精症8例占11％,严重少精症4例占14.3％）,其中1例无精症患为AZFb、AZFc的双重缺失;而未发现有AZFa的缺失;SRY基因PCR扩增均为阳性。60例已有生育的正常男性均未有AZFa、AZFb、AZFc、SRY的微缺失。结论：Y染色体微缺失,特别是AZFc/DAZ的缺失是引起无精和严重少精、造成男性不育的重要原因之一,在进行遗传咨询和ICSI时,有必要对不明原因的不育男性患进行Y染色体微缺失的分子检测。     

Multiplex PCR Screening of Y Chromosome Microdeletions in Azoospermic Patients

It is currently estimated that approximately 15% of the couples at reproductive age areinfertile, and nearly 50% of the infertilities are caused by male factor[1]. Defective spermato-genesis is the result of multiple causes, such as disease, malnutrition, endocrinological disorders,genetic defects and environmental factors[2]. Genetic defects, including gene mutation andchromosomal abnormalities, are estimated to be accounting for at least 30% of male infertil-ity[3]. Studies in recent 2 decad…     

特发性无精症患者Y染色体AZF基因微缺失检测

目的：特发性无精及严重少精患者Y染色体末端AZF基因微缺失情况.方法：应用PCR技术对107例无精及严重少精患者及20例有生育能力的正常男性进行Y染色体SRY、AZFa、AZFb、AZFc的微缺失检测.结果：11例无精症患者存在AZFc基因的微缺失,未检测出AZFa、AZFb及SRY基因的缺失,20例有生育能力的正常男性均无SRY、AZFa、AZFb、AZFc的微缺失.结论：AZFc是引起无精和造成男性不育的原因之一.     

不育男性无精子因子基因检测分析

目的筛查男性不育患者Y染色体无精子因子（AZF）区域微缺失情况,探讨AZF基因微缺失与原发无精、严重少精症之间的关系。方法采用多重聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术,对某市118例原发无精子症、84例原发严重少精症患者及66例正常生育男性进行Y染色体AZF基因家族AZFa、AZFb、AZFc三个区域微缺失分析。结果 66例正常生育男性未发现Y染色体AZF区域微缺失,202例生精障碍患者中发现AZF微缺失25例,总缺失率为12.4%。其中12例无精症患者和5例少精症患者的缺失发生在AZFc区域,缺失率为8.4%;1例无精症患者和2例少精症患者发生AZFb、AZFc双重缺失,缺失率为1.5%;1例无精症患者发生AZFa、b、c三个区域同时微缺失,缺失率为0.5%。生精障碍组与正常生育男性组比较Y染色体AZF区域微缺失率差异具有显著性（P〈0.001）。结论 Y染色体AZF区域微缺失是引起男性无精、少精子症的重要原因之一,对原发无精、少精子症患者在单精子注射（ICSI）之前进行微缺失筛查是必要的。