反de Sitter时空中的非拓扑孤立子

讨论了反de Sitter时空中的非拓扑孤立子,利用渐近级数展开法,证明了在该时空中,只有势函数满足一定条件的非拓扑孤立子才能存在。     

在FRW宇宙中的拓扑缺陷

在ＦＲＷ时空中，对畴壁、弦、单极子这三种拓扑缺陷导出了运动方程，其中考虑了标量场与标量曲率的耦合，特别是对ｄｅ Ｓｉｔｔｅｒ时空，可将偏微分方程简化为常微分方程。     

58岁女性孤立性上睑下垂

报道1例60岁女性患者,患孤立性上睑下垂2年,就诊时病情已稳定1年。个人及家族有角膜基质营养不良病史。通过临床、电生理、生物学及病史所见,诊断为线粒体性细胞病变。手术治疗上睑下垂以恢复视觉功能。本文讨论上睑下垂、角膜营养不良及线粒体细胞病变之间的关系。58岁女性孤立性上睑下垂@Tourbah A.$Fédération de Neurologie, Hpital de la Salp êtri ère, 47, boulevard de l’Hopital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France @Sedel F. @Miléa D. @邢咏新…     

大动脉血管中孤立子波的性质分析

目的分析大动脉血管中孤立子波的性质及意义。方法运用齐次平衡法求血管壁应变满足的Kdv方程的解。结果验证了大动脉血管中存在孤立子波。结论从临床应用的角度看,可以通过检测血管壁应力孤立子波的参数来辅助诊断大动脉血管病变。     

非小细胞肺癌孤立性转移处理共识

2007年3月8—10日．中国抗癌协会肺癌专业委员会召开了“第四届中国肺癌高峰共识会”，来自全国的40多位专家．讨论了非小细胞肺癌孤立性转移之诊断和治疗，形成了非小细胞肺癌孤立性转移处理之共识。     

酶免疫分析法测抗Scl-70抗体的检测分析

抗Scl-70抗体靶抗原为碱性非组蛋白，为DNA局部异构酶Ⅰ（topisomerase Ⅰ）亦称拓扑异构酶Ⅰ的降解产物，因最初仅在系统性硬化病患者中发现该抗体，且其抗原分子量为70000，故称抗Scl-70抗体。DNA拓扑异构酶Ⅰ天然分子量为100000，位于核浆及核仁，核仁中浓度最高，在DNA复制及转录中起松解局部螺旋的作用。抗Scl-70抗体是DNA拓扑异构酶抗原制备过程中的降解产物，又称为系统性硬化症的标记抗体。用酶免疫分析法对30例系统性硬皮病患者进行了抗Scl-70抗体的检测，现将结果报告如下。     

后腹腔镜下孤立肾采用肾动脉非阻断法行保留肾单位肾肿瘤剜除术的疗效评价

孤立肾合并肾肿瘤的早期发现和治疗在一定程度上提高了患者的生存质量，随着腹腔镜技术的发展，腔镜下保留肾单位手术（laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery, LNSS）成为孤立肾合并肾肿瘤的主要术式［1］。本研究回顾分析2015年1月至2017年12月收治的8例孤立肾合并肾肿瘤患者，行后腹腔镜下肾动脉非阻断法LNSS，疗效满意，现报道如下。     

糖皮质激素与新生儿

最近，苏格兰爱丁堡大学的研究人员发表了一篇文章（de Vries A et al．J Clin Invest．doi：10．1172／JC130982[2007年3月22日发表在网上]）称，灵长类动物（人类除外）的胎儿接触糖皮质激素可对心血管、新陈代谢、神经内分泌功能造成长期危害。此作用曾在啮齿类动物及其他非灵长类动物中有所述及，这次在非洲黑长尾猴中再度出现。     

影像学征象分析与应用-连载（三）

影像解剖学基础 乳突尖部假性孤立性异常信号是指MRI检查中，在颞骨的岩骨尖部可见假性孤立性异常信号，表现为两侧非对称性局部骨髓内脂肪组织或乳头蜂房内积液的异常信号（图1）。乳突尖部的含气与乳突蜂房气化程度有关，发育比较好的约占33％，乳突呈蜂窝状。如果乳突发育不良或完全未发育，在乳突尖部，MRI就可见骨质内的髓化脂肪信号。一般乳突气化呈左、右非对称性的比例约占4%～7％。     

整体性正骨正体法概论

整体性正骨正体法是整体观人、待人和施治的一种方法。在认识论上,强调人一身而天地,人既独立于天地时空,又联系于天地时空。故在方法论上,凡诊断、施治,外则要观气候、地理、时令,要因地、因时而辨证施治,内则要观人察心,因人而异、因心理而异辨证施治。人是一个有机的统一整体,身心整体而成人,没有孤立的人体,没有孤立于人体之外的心理,     

超声诊断脂肪肝66例结果分析

目的探讨超声诊断脂肪肝的临床意义。方法对358名健康体检中检出的66例脂肪肝患者的结果进行分析。结果 358名健康体检者中诊断脂肪肝66例,占18.4%,其中男性57例,占15.9%,女性9例,占2.5%,男性患病率高于女性。45岁以下201名,检出43例,占21.3%,45岁以上157名,检出23例,占14.6%。结论超声检查对诊断脂肪肝具有一定优越性,而且准确率高,有重要的临床应用价值。     

The functions of the thymus

In rodents the thymus performs at least two functions. It is a major site of lymphopoiesis in the embryo and newborn, with the resulting lymphocytes migrating from the thymus to seed the spleen, lymph nodes and other lymphoid organs. In addition, the thymus produces a hormone which has an immunotrophic effect, i.e. it endows cells having immunological potential with immunological competence. In some animals other organs, in addition to the thymus, are responsible for directing the normal development of the immunological system. These are the bursa of Fabricius in birds and the appendix in rabbits. In humans it has been postulated that the tonsillar tissues may play an analogous role. Animal experiments involving extirpation of the immunotrophic lymphoid tissues have led to a better understanding of immunological deficiency diseases in man.     

Oral presentation of an oesophageal mucosal tear

Tears of the oesophageal wall following sudden forceful vomiting are well documented in literature. In Boerhaave's syndrome there is transmural rupture associated with complications including pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, surgical emphysema and shock. In Mallory-Weiss syndrome mucosal tears are associated with haematemesis and shock. In neither of these conditions has intraluminal obstruction been described as an aetiological factor. We present a case with similar pathophysiology where oesophageal obstruction by a meat bolus followed by forceful vomiting led to an oesophageal mucosal tear and presentation of a band of oesophageal mucosa in the oral cavity. The patient did not develop any complications and made an uneventful recovery following conservative management.     

Progress towards a Leishmania vaccine

Leishmaniasis is a vector-born protozoan disease. Approximately 12 million individuals are affected worldwide with an estimated annual incidence of 1.5-2 million. Two clinical manifestations are recognized, cutaneous, and visceral, both of which are common in the Middle East. In both forms, infection is chronic, with potential deformities, persistence following cure, and lifelong risk of reactivation. Attempts to develop an effective human Leishmania vaccine have not yet succeeded. Leishmanization, a crude form of live vaccination historically originated in this part of the world. Experimental vaccination has been extensively studied in model animals in the past 2 decades. In this review, major human killed vaccine trials are surveyed, and modern trends in Leishmania vaccine development, including subunit vaccines, naked DNA vaccines, and transmission blocking vaccines are explored. Recent findings of a link between persistence of live parasites, and maintenance of long-term immunity suggest live vaccination with attenuated strains, as a future vaccination strategy.     

Decision trees: an overview and their use in medicine

In medical decision making (classification, diagnosing, etc.) there are many situations where decision must be made effectively and reliably. Conceptual simple decision making models with the possibility of automatic learning are the most appropriate for performing such tasks. Decision trees are a reliable and effective decision making technique that provide high classification accuracy with a simple representation of gathered knowledge and they have been used in different areas of medical decision making. In the paper we present the basic characteristics of decision trees and the successful alternatives to the traditional induction approach with the emphasis on existing and possible future applications in medicine.     

反应性代谢产物的研究进展

大部分药物经体内代谢转化为无活性产物排出体外，部分药物经药物代谢酶转化为活性代谢产物和反应性代谢产物，其中反应性代谢产物可与肝细胞内大分子共价结合，通过不同的机制造成药物诱导的器官损伤。鉴别这些反应性代谢产物对于设计候选新药的毒性控制以及临床用药非常重要，本综述概述了反应性代谢产物的分类、其引起的药物毒性以及目前高通量搜索和鉴定反应性代谢产物等相关实验进展，讨论了处理反应性代谢产物的策略及本领域未来的发展。     

Hypertriglyceridemia in diabetes. An approach to management.

Hypertriglyceridemia is not a common finding in well controlled patients with insulin dependent diabetes; however, in noninsulin dependent, or Type II diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia and coronary heart disease are a well recognized clinical triad. In the latter setting, hypertriglyceridemia is usually the result of an associated inherited hyperlipidemia, most commonly familial hypertriglyceridemia but also familial combined hyperlipidemia. In the former, one sees elevated triglycerides and a low HDL-cholesterol, in the latter the same phenotype may be present but often there is a high LDL-cholesterol. Irrespective of the pathogenesis of the primary hypertriglyceridemic disorder, the occurrence of poorly controlled diabetes will enhance the hypertriglyceridemia and even in the Type II diabetic, with triglycerides in the thousands, dietary and glycemic control, alone, will strikingly ameliorate the hypertriglyceridemia. In contrast to patients with hypercholesterolemia, no national guidelines have been proposed for the treatment of patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Yet both experimental and clinical data support an algorithm in which dietary and glycemic control are optimized with a resultant major improvement in triglycerides, followed by the introduction of drug therapy. Three agents are particularly useful in correcting the hypertriglyceridemia: gemfibrozil, niacin, and fish oils, with the first two having the added benefit of increasing HDL levels. Lovastatin is also useful in treating these patients, but primarily for lowering LDL-cholesterol while triglycerides are independently being brought under control. Correction of hyperlipidemia in diabetic patients can generally be achieved with judicious use of dietary, glycemic and drug therapy; however, maintenance of a favorable response requires a high level of patient compliance, which is usually difficult to sustain.     

The place of medicine in the American prison: ethical issues in the treatment of offenders.

In Britain doctors and others concerned with the treatment of offenders in prison may consult the Butler Report (see Focus, pp 157) and specialist journals, but these sources are concerned with the system in Britain only. In America the situation is different, both in organization and in certain attitudes. Dr Peter L Sissons has therefore provided a companion article to that of Dr Paul Bowden (page 163) describing the various medical issues in prisons. The main difference between the treatment of offenders in prisons in America and in Britain lies in the nature of the federal system which means that each state may operate a different system in a variety of prisons and prison medical services are as various. Nationally, the prison systems are 'structured to treat and cure the offender'. Therefore it follows that the prison medical officer is only one of the professionals concerned with this 'cure' of the offender. This principle also applies to any form of research: medical research in prisons is part of a programme which covers a wide field of social and judicial research. The prison medical officer (where there is one) has of course to look after sick prisoners, and the American idea of 'cure' is also expressed in the need for more corrective surgery where, for example, it is necessary to remove physical impediments to social rehabilitation. But a doctor is only found on the staff of those institutions which are large: in the smaller prisons there may be only first-aid facilities, and no specially appointed doctor in the community. Moreover medicines are often dispensed by medical auxiliaries who are sometimes prisoners themselves. Finally, in America prisoners are regularly invited to volunteer as subjects for medical and social research for which they are paid. In short, although it is hoped to 'cure' a prisoner he is a criminal first and a patient second.     

Giant Cell Tumor in the Cuboid

Giant cell tumors are uncommon in the hand or foot. Although several case reports with giant cell tumor in these locations are described, there have only been a few reported cases of this tumor type located in the cuboid of the foot. In this report, we present a case with giant cell tumor in the cuboid. A 19-year-old Japanese man was admitted with a three-month history of aching pain in his right foot. Radiographs demonstrated an osteolytic lesion in the cuboid. Magnetic resonance (MR) images showed that the lesion had homogeneously iso-signal intensity in T1-weighted images, and relatively high signal intensity in T2-weighted images. A biopsy specimen exhibited a proliferation of mononuclear round or oval cells and multinucleated giant cells, indicating a diagnosis of giant cell tumor. Curettage with cautery using 50°C high-temperature saline for 15 minutes followed by an artificial bone graft were performed. The patient has remained asymptomatic with no signs of local recurrence or pulmonary dissemination seven years after surgery.

Giant cell tumors typically occur in the epiphyseal/metaphyseal region of the long tubular bone but are uncommon in the hand or foot [1,2]. In English literature, several case reports with giant cell tumor in the hand or foot are certainly described, but there have only been a few reported cases of this tumor type located in the cuboid of the foot [2,3,4,5,6]. To our knowledge, no case of this type has been described in the Japanese literature. In this report, we present a 19-year-old Japanese man with giant cell tumor in the cuboid treated with curettage and cautery using high-temperature saline followed by an artificial bone graft. Radiological, histological differential diagnoses, and biological behavior are also discussed.