脱钙骨基质骨粒骨水泥复合自体红骨髓修复犬股骨缺损的实验研究

目的　探讨异体脱钙骨基质骨粒 (DBM)、骨水泥 (BC)、自体红骨髓 (RM)复合移植修复犬股骨骨缺损的疗效。方法　 30只家犬双侧股骨做成长×宽为 2 5mm× 10mm的骨缺损 ,将犬的自体红骨髓与异体DBM复合后再与BC混合成复合材料 ,植入犬的右侧股骨骨缺损处 ,左侧单纯植入骨水泥做对照。术后不同时期进行X线、组织形态学及生物力学研究。结果　X线观察 :骨缺损部位 1个月开始形成骨痂 ,3个月骨痂最丰富 ,6个月时复合材料与宿主骨边缘模糊。组织学观察 :3个月时复合材料内部有新生骨形成 ,6个月时边缘部分的DBM被新生骨替代 ,并与宿主骨融合。生物力学测定 :骨缺损部位的生物力学强度 3个月和 6个月分别接近正常骨的 60 %和80 %。结论　DBM、RM、BC复合材料极易塑形 ,具有明显的促进骨缺损修复作用 ,能用于修复各种形态的骨缺损并能满足早期负重的需要。     

异体脱钙骨基质骨粒复合骨水泥结构特征及其生物力学性能

目的：分析不同复合比例的异体脱钙骨基质骨粒复合骨水泥材料扫描电结构特征及其抗压抗弯等生物力学性能。方法：扫Ｕｒｉｓｔ等的方法制备异体钙骨基质肌粒,制备含脱钙骨基质骨粒与骨水泥质量经为０ｍｇ／ｇ,３００ｍｇ／ｇ,４００ｍｇ／ｇ的复合材料,扫描电不同复合比例材料的结构特征,Ｉｎｓｔｒｏｎ力学试验机测定不同抗压及抗率等生物力学性能。结果：脱钙骨基质骨粒水泥呈均匀混合分布并多点状结合,其中存在较多１００μ     

犬脱钙骨基质骨粒骨水泥复合材料的扫描电镜观察

目的：探讨不同复合比例的犬脱钙骨基质骨粒骨水泥复合材料扫描电镜下的结构特征,为临床应用该复合材料修复骨缺损提供理论依据。方法：铵Urist等的方法制备犬脱钙骨基质骨粒,将脱钙骨基质骨粒与骨水泥均匀混合制备成含脱钙骨基质骨粒质量比为400mg/g、500mg/g、600mg/g的复合材料标本,扫描电镜下观察不同质量比的复合材料的结构特征,利用计算机图像处理系统计算其孔隙率。结果：扫描电镜下,复合材料内部脱钙骨基质骨粒与骨水泥呈均匀混合分布多点面状结合,其中存在较多的300－600μm的不规则相互连通的自然孔浊。随骨粒所占质量比的增加,骨粒间相互接触联接及存在的自然孔隙增多,其复合材料的孔隙率也增大。骨粒质量比为400mg/g、500mg/g、600mg/g复合材料的孔隙率分别为35．34％、48．07％和56．85％。结论：犬脱钙骨基质骨粒骨水泥复合材料具有良好的赋形性,其间存在足够有利于新骨长入的相互连通的自然孔隙及潜在的骨粒通道,骨粒质量比越高,自然孔隙及骨粒通道越多,更有利限移植后新骨组织的长入,能作为支架材料有效地修复承重骨及大块骨的骨缺损。     

异体脱钙骨基质复合bBMP修复兔桡骨骨缺损

目的：探讨异体脱钙骨基质复合BMP修复节段性骨缺损的能力。方法：64只新西兰大白兔采用桡骨15mm节段性骨缺损模型，随机分为4组，A组植入异体脱钙骨基质(Demineralized Bone Matrix,DBM)与牛骨形态发生蛋白(Bovine Bone Morphogentic Protein,bBMP)复合材料，B组植入异体DBIM，C组植入异体骨粒，D组为空白对照组。术后4、8、12、16w，进行放射学检查、病理组织学检查和计算机图像分析新生骨面积。结果：异体DBM与bBMP复合材料组骨生成、新骨面积和骨连接情况明显优于异体DBM组、异体骨粒组和空白对照组。结论：异体DBM复合BMP材料通过骨诱导和骨传导两种方式修复骨缺损，是一种较为理想、具有高效成骨活性的植骨材料。     

同种骨基质明胶修复骨缺损实验性研究

本文用X线和组织学方法,研究了同种骨基质明胶(BMG)对24只家兔和大鼠胫骨缺损的修复效果。实验结果表明,同种骨基质明胶的排斥反应很小,而且诱导成骨作用明显。在术后第8周,植骨区已有大片新骨形成。因此同种骨基质明胶很有希望能成为一种新的植骨材料。     

同种异体脱钙骨修复肿瘤性骨缺损

同种异体脱钙骨修复肿瘤性骨缺损胡业丰，章锦，许加铭，丁昌明我科１９８８年～１９９３年用同种异体骨盐酸脱钙的方法，去除骨抗原性，治疗肿瘤性骨缺损２０例，效果满意，现报道如下。１材料与方法脱钙骨取材于新鲜的同种异体骨，即创伤截肢、截指（趾）无污染骨，股骨...     

犬脱钙骨基质颗粒骨水泥复合材料的生物力学性能

目的　研究不同质量比的犬脱钙骨基质颗粒骨水泥复合材料的生物力学性能 ,为临床应用该复合材料修复骨缺损提供理论依据 .方法　按 U rist等方法制备犬脱钙骨基质颗粒后 ,再与骨水泥混合制成含骨粒质量比为 0 ,40 0 ,5 0 0和6 0 0 m g·g- 1 的脱钙骨基质颗粒骨水泥复合材料 ,对其抗压极限强度、抗弯极限强度、抗扭转极限强度进行测定 .结果　含脱钙骨基质颗粒质量比为 0 ,40 0 ,5 0 0和 6 0 0 mg· g- 1的复合材料的抗压极限强度分别为 (81.0± 3.0 ) ,(5 0 .4± 5 .9) ,(4 8.8± 2 .0 )和 (33.8± 3.6 ) MPa;抗弯极限强度分别为 (6 5 .3± 6 .7) ,(4 2 .9± 8.1) ,(37.2± 2 .9)和 (2 5 .0± 2 .4) MPa;抗扭转极限强度分别为 (35 .5± 0 .8) ,(16 .3± 2 .2 ) ,(13.1± 2 .0 )和 (8.0± 1.4) MPa.结论　犬脱钙骨基质颗粒骨水泥复合材料具有良好的生物力学性能 ,易于塑形 ,能根据需要适应不同部位骨缺损的要求 ,其中含骨粒质量比为 5 0 0 mg· g- 1的复合材料生物力学性能及骨诱导活性最为适宜 ,能作为支架材料有效地修复大块骨缺损 .     

异体脱钙骨基质骨粒骨水泥骨形态发生蛋白复合材料的成骨诱导活性

目的：探讨异体脱钙骨基质（ＤＢＭ）骨粒、骨水泥（ＢＣ）及重组人骨形态发生蛋白－２（ｒｈＢＭＰ－２）复合骨制损修复材料成骨诱导活性。方法：小鼠股部股袋内植入复合材料,不同时间分别取材ＨＥ染色观察复合骨制损修复材料的异位诱导成骨活笥;检测不同复合质量比的复合材料的聚合温度。结果：第７日时材料外周即形成间充质组织包膜,并沿材料不规则裂隙向植入材料内部长入间充质组织。第１４日间充质组织继续大量长入且逐渐深     

Reconstruction of orbital defect in rabbits with composite of calcium phosphate cement and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2

Background Calcium phosphate cement （CPC） is a biocompatible and osteoconductive bone substitute, and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 （rhBMP-2） has strong osteoinductibility, therefore we developed a composite bone substitute with CPC and rhBMP-2 and evaluate its reconstruction effect in rabbit orbital defect.Methods Thirty-six rabbits were randomly divided into two groups and a 5 mmx5 mmx2 mm bone defect in the infraorbital rim was induced by surgery in each orbit （72 orbits in all）. The orbital defects were treated with pure CPC or composite of CPC and rhBMP-2. The osteogenesis ability of different bone substitute was evaluated by gross observation, histological examination, histomorphometrical evaluation, compressive load-to-failure testing, and scanning electron microscope （SEM）.Results Gross observation showed that both bone substitutes were safe and effective for reconstruction of orbital defect. However, histological examination, histomorphometrical evaluation and SEM showed that CPC/rhBMP-2 group had faster speed in new bone formation and degradation of substitute material than CPC group. Compressive load-to-failure testing showed that CPC/rhBMP-2 group had stronger compressive strength than CPC group at every stage with significant difference （P ＜0.05）.Conclusion Composite of CPC/rhBMP-2 is an ideal bioactive material for repairing orbital defect, with good osteoconductibility and osteoinductibility.     

脱钙人牙基质诱导急性创伤性颅骨缺损一次性自体修复的实验及临床应用研究

目的本研究旨在探索一种创伤性颅骨缺损自体修复的新材料及急性期术中一次性修复的新方法。方法采用弃用人牙提取脱钙人牙基质,利用其中的骨形态发生蛋白(bone morphogenetic protein,BMP),在动物实验诱导骨再生修复成功后,对22例创伤性颅骨缺损在急性期进行术中一次性修复。病人年龄8~64岁,颅骨缺损范围4~5 cm 14例,6~8 cm 8例;开放伤17例,闭合伤5例。颅骨缺损区用脱钙人牙基质2~6g,与颅骨碎粒及骨屑均匀混合平敷在硬膜外颅骨缺损区内,术后临床检查、X线评价,CT多点骨密度值测定。结果术后第3周修补区能耐受压力,X片见骨窗区骨碎粒逐渐融合,CT值由最初20~40Hu上升200~700Hu,1年后,900Hu。全部病例无感染发生,未显免疫排斥反应。结论从弃用人牙提取人的BMP,用此材料对创伤性颅骨缺损急性期术中一次性修复,简单、有效。变二次手术一次完成,有别于传统的颅骨修复方法,具良好的应用前景。     

超声波辅助脱钙技术用于猪脱钙骨基质制备的效果评价

目的以猪后腿骨干骺端为对象,考察超声波技术在脱钙骨基质制备过程中的作用。方法 6月龄公猪后腿骨清洗切片,分别用传统脱钙制备法和超声波辅助脱钙制备法进行脱钙骨基质的制备,超声波功率:220 W,频率:25 kHz。超声波处理时间:0～6h。以脱钙骨的脱钙率考察超声波对脱钙效果的影响;利用Micro-CT和显微镜观察脱钙骨的大体三维结构;测量其孔隙率和孔径大小;利用物性测试仪测量脱钙骨的压缩模量以表征其力学性能。结果脱钙骨脱钙率的测量结果显示,与传统脱钙法相比,超声波辅助脱钙制备法仅需6 h就可使脱钙率达到100%,脱钙时间可缩短45.5%;且制备的脱钙骨具有良好的孔隙率和互相连通的孔径结构,孔隙率达到85%以上,孔径大小为(348.18±64.86)μm,与传统制备方法无显著差异;并具有良好的力学性能,在脱除90%以上的钙后脱钙骨的压缩模量仍可达到(6.42±0.83)N/mm2。结论超声波辅助脱钙技术可以有效提高脱钙骨基质的制备效率,且制备效果良好。     

Reconstruction of orbital defect in rabbits with composite of calcium phosphate cement and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2

PURPOSE Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is a biocompatible and osteoconductive bone substitute, and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) has strong osteoinductibility, therefore we developed a composite bone substitute with CPC and rhBMP-2 and evaluate its reconstruction effect in rabbit orbital defect. METHODS Thirty-six rabbits were randomly divided into two groups and a 5mm×5mm×2mm bone defect in the infraorbital rim was induced by surgery in each orbit (72 orbits in all). The orbital defects were treated with pure CPC or composite of CPC and rhBMP-2. The osteogenesis ability of different bone substitute was evaluated by gross observation, histological examination, histomorphometrical evaluation, compressive load-to-failure testing, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS Gross observation showed that both bone substitutes were safe and effective for reconstruction of orbital defect. However, histological examination, histomorphometrical evaluation and SEM showed that CPC/rhBMP-2 group had faster speed in new bone formation and degradation of substitute material than CPC group. Compressive load-to-failure testing showed that CPC/rhBMP-2 group had stronger compressive strength than CPC group at every stage with significant difference (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Composite of CPC/rhBMP-2 is an ideal bioactive material for repairing orbital defect, with good osteoconductibility and osteoinductibility.     

同种异体表面脱钙骨基质明胶诱导成骨能力的实验研究

目的 :观察表面脱钙骨基质明胶诱导成骨能力 ,寻找自体骨移植的理想替代材料。方法 :用表面脱钙骨基质明胶修复大鼠颅骨 8mm的圆形缺损 ,同自体骨、骨基质明胶移植对比 ,术后不同时间行X线、组织学检查。结果 :表面脱钙骨基质明胶同骨基质明胶诱导成骨能力相似 ,但完全被新骨替代时间较长。结论 :表面脱钙骨基质明胶是修复大面积或节段性骨缺损的理想材料。     

表面脱钙骨基质明胶诱导成骨修复颅骨大面积缺损的实验研究

目的:寻找替代自体骨移植修复颅骨大面积缺损的理想材料。方法:用表面脱钙骨基质明胶修复大鼠颅骨8 mm的圆形缺损,术后不同时间行x线、组织学检查。结果:表面脱钙骨基质明胶具有诱导成骨能力,保留骨的部分生物力学特性,但完全被新骨替代时间较长。结论:表面脱钙骨基质明胶是修复大面积颅骨缺损的理想材料。     

Tissue-engineered calcium phosphate cement in rabbit femoral condylar bone defects

Background  Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is a favorable bone-graft substitute, with excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. However, its reduced osteoinductive ability may limit the utility of CPC. To increase its osteoinductive potential, this study aimed to prepare tissue-engineered CPC and evaluate its use in the repair of bone defects. The fate of transplanted seed cells in vivo was observed at the same time.

Methods  Tissue-engineered CPC was prepared by seeding CPC with encapsulated bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) expressing recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and green fluorescent protein (GFP). Tissue-engineered CPC and pure CPC were implanted into rabbit femoral condyle bone defects respectively. Twelve weeks later, radiographs, morphological observations, histomorphometrical evaluations, and in vivo tracing were performed.

Results  The radiographs revealed better absorption and faster new bone formation for tissue-engineered CPC than pure CPC. Morphological and histomorphometrical evaluations indicated that tissue-engineered CPC separated into numerous small blocks, with active absorption and reconstruction noted, whereas the residual CPC area was larger in the group treated with pure CPC. In the tissue-engineered CPC group, in vivo tracing revealed numerous cells expressing both GFP and rhBMP-2 that were distributed in the medullar cavity and on the surface of bony trabeculae.

Conclusion  Tissue-engineered CPC can effectively repair bone defects, with allogenic seeded cells able to grow and differentiate in vivo after transplantation.

     

微孔同种异体表面脱钙骨基质明胶诱导成骨能力的实验研究

目的 :观察微孔制备对表面脱钙骨基质明胶诱导成骨能力的影响。方法 :用有微孔和无微孔表面脱钙骨基质明胶修复大鼠颅骨直径为 8mm的环形骨缺损 ,术后不同时间行组织学和X线检查。结果 :有微孔制备的表面脱钙骨基质明胶诱导成骨能力优于无微孔的表面脱钙骨基质明胶。结论 :微孔制备能提高脱钙骨基质明胶的诱导成骨能力