首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
采用两步一锅法,在聚砜(PSF)主链上键联了末端基为磺酸根基团的侧链,获得了疏水主链与磺酸根基团“微相分离”结构的磺化改性PSF。以氯乙基异氰酸酯(CEIC)为亲电试剂,使PSF主链上的苯环发生付-克烷基化反应,制得侧链含有活性基团—NCO的中间产物聚合物PSF-eic;通过活性基团—NCO与对羟基苯磺酸钠(HBSAS)生成氨基甲酸酯的较快速的反应,获得了侧链末端为磺酸根基团的磺化改性聚砜PSF-sas。 采用FT-IR、1H-NMR及紫外分光光度法对目标产物聚合物PSF-sas的化学结构进行了表征。以PSF-sas为膜材,采用流延法制备了PSF阳离子交换膜,测定了交换膜的基本性能,包括离子交换容量、吸水率及质子传导率。研究结果表明,在路易斯酸催化剂作用下,CEIC与PSF主链上苯环之间的付-克烷基化反应可顺利进行,生成中间聚合物产物PSF-eic;以强极性的二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)为溶剂,反应24 h,PSF-eic分子链中乙基异氰酸酯(eic)的键合量可达2.43 mmol/g。在此基础上进行第2步反应,可得到磺酸根基团含量为2.23 mmol/g的目标产物PSF-sas,所制备的阳离子交换膜,具有高的离子交换容量,适当的吸水率与高的质子传导率。  相似文献   

2.
在甲磺酸体系中,将具有较好紫外吸收性能的3,4,5—三甲氧基苯甲酸分子键接到甲壳素的分子链上,制得了3,4,5—三甲氧基苯甲酰甲壳素。采用红外光谱、^1H-NMR、广角X—射线衍射、紫外光谱等表征方法对改性产物进行了结构表征。通过对改性产物的紫外光谱表征发现产物具有一定的吸收紫外线能力。产物在有机溶剂中有一定的溶解性能。  相似文献   

3.
在铂络合物催化剂的作用下,以高碳数烯烃化合物和含氢硅油为原料,利用硅氢加成反应合成有机硅蜡。研究了原料配比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度对Si-H键转化率和产物运动粘度的影响。确定最佳反应条件为:烯键与硅氢健摩尔比n(C—C):n(Si—H)-1.12:1、铂催化剂用量3.2μg/g、反应温度130℃、反应时间8h。并对合成产物的分子结构进行了红外、核磁表征,结果表明长链烷基已被接枝到聚硅氧烷主链中。  相似文献   

4.
在格子模型中,采用计算机模拟方法了二元链状分子系统在固体表面的吸附行为。从微观角度获得了系统在达到平衡之前的动态吸附过程,得到了链长不等的两种键状 固体表面附近的总链节浓度与吸附构型浓度的平衡分布。研究结果表明,开始时,短链分子优先被吸附,此后逐渐被长链分子所取代;长链分子的吸附更有利于系统的稳定。  相似文献   

5.
为深入认识煤样的快速热解行为,捕捉气体释放特性,在873~1 273 K条件下基于管式反应器对3种不同煤阶的典型煤样开展热解实验研究,借助红外气体分析系统记录在线气体组成。研究结果表明,热解温度的升高,对煤中含氢/含氧官能团的分解有促进作用,当温度自873 K上升至1 273 K时,H2和CO的释放量均增加了4~5倍;在实验范围的高温下,煤阶对热解反应有效气体产物组成的影响较小,在1 273 K时,H2的释放量几乎与煤种无关。  相似文献   

6.
用Langmuir Blodgett(LB)膜技术和原子力显微镜探讨平衡时间、盐浓度和连接基团长度对气 液界面上阳离子型Gemini表面活性剂([C18H37(CH3)2N+ (CH2)s N+(CH3)2C18H37]·2Br-,简写成18 s 18,s=3、4、6、8、10、12)与DNA分子之间相互作用的影响。结果表明,表面活性剂与DNA分子之间的相互作用达到平衡时需较长时间;随着盐浓度的增加,盐的屏蔽作用增大,致使表面活性剂与DNA分子之间的相互作用减弱;当连接基团为刚性(s=3、4)时,分子间的空间位阻较小,Gemini表面活性剂/DNA复合膜主要形成纤维结构;而当连接基团为柔性(s≥8)时,分子间的位阻效应增大,则主要形成片状聚集体。  相似文献   

7.
采用文题和DTA与GC/MS不在线联同技术,对由正丁醇/异辛醇(1:1)合成的二烷基二硫代磷酸锌,研究了其热氧化机理。其热分解产物为:H_2S、COS、SO_2、n-C_4~-/i-C_4~-、i-C_8~-、C_4H_9SH、C_4H_9SC_4H_9、C_4H_9SSC_4H_9、C_4H_9SC_8H_(17)和C_4H_9 SSC_8 H_(17)等。分解分为三个阶段:①220—240℃为氧化诱导期,发生分子内异构化反应,在DTA曲线上出现一个显著的放热峰;②250—280℃,以热解为主反应的吸热过程;③280—300℃,以热解产物——硫醇进行热氧化分解为主反应的放热过程。反应机理为:由分子内异构化反应和β-氢原子内消除反应形成的热分解中间产物,经离子反应、自由基反应生成了组成复杂的各类最终产物。  相似文献   

8.
目的:研究不同取代苯酚类化合物的抗氧化活性.方法:用杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法在6-31 G(d,p)水平上,分别对20种苯酚类化合物及其自由基的几何结构、电子结构、键解离能等性质进行计算比较研究.结果:①所有自由基中C-O键长较分子状态都变短,但其键长与具有真正C=0双键的对苯醌和环己酮相比较又稍长.②由Mulliken原子电荷分析,酚羟基抽氢形成自由基后,羟基氧原子电荷数都减少,同时本位碳上的净电荷数值比抽氢前增加.③由偶极矩数值显示,苯环上取代基分别位于邻位、间位和对位,其偶极矩依次减小;随着对位取代基上氯原子的增多极性减小.④前线轨道组成表明,在抽氢形成自由基后,氧的p-π共轭作用增强,使其自旋电子密度降低,但吸电子基团使氧原子上自旋密度增加.中性分子中当苯环上有供电子的基团时,HOMO和LUMO的能差降低,但相差不大,均比环己醇低,而自由基的能差均比环己酮、对苯醌要低.⑤取代苯酚类化合物抗氧化能力大小直接体现于O-H键强度,当取代基为吸电子基团时,所需解离能大,抗氧化活性相对减弱;相反,当取代基团为供电子基团时其抗氧活性加强.结论:烷烃基类取代物易于抗氧化,卤代烃基或硝基类取代物抗氧化活性差.  相似文献   

9.
采用热重分析法,对神府煤和蓝藻单独热解及共热解(蓝藻掺混比,即蓝藻与干基混合物的质量比为5%, 10%, 20%, 40%和80%)特性进行了研究。研究表明:蓝藻挥发分析出的极值温度比煤低,而且热解速率比煤快。蓝藻组成复杂、挥发分含量高且含有的不稳定键多,所以在较低温度下就会被破坏,从而以较高的速率挥发出去。当蓝藻与神府煤共热解时,低温下蓝藻的挥发分析出后,暴露出来的灰分覆盖在煤的表面,灰分中具有催化作用的碱和碱土金属会加快煤的热解反应,使煤的挥发分提前析出。当蓝藻的掺混比为40%和80%时,协同作用较明显,热解焦的产率比理论值低。  相似文献   

10.
用分子动力学模拟研究了铆接于带电固体壁面上的两性无规共聚电解质链的构型及其随溶剂的介电常数、系统温度和带电壁面电场的变化。结果表明,聚离子链的构型取决于外电场对链节的作用、链内各链节间的静电作用和链节的热运动(温度)三者的综合作用结果。电场强度较低时,铆接聚离子链与非铆接聚离子链的构型变化类似。电场强度较高时,两性聚离子链构型更为舒展。溶剂介电常数减小,链节间静电作用增强,净电荷比较小的中性或非中性两性聚电解质链倾向于收缩,净电荷比较多的链则膨胀。温度的升高一般总是抵消电场和分子内静电作用的影响,当它占主导地位时将使聚离子链膨胀。  相似文献   

11.
Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P < 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (>0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P <0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P < 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.  相似文献   

12.
Objective: To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods: SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer's was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava (IVC) inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results: Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion: This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.  相似文献   

13.
FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…  相似文献   

14.
目的:评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(PPCI)术后生活质量的影响.方法:将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组(术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次)和对照组(仅接受基础药物治疗).所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表(MIDAS)、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果:入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异(P>0.05);出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低(P<0.05);组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低(P<0.05).两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血(P>0.05).两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异(P>0.05).结论:PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.  相似文献   

15.
Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P<0.01);the MAP decreased(P<0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P<0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.  相似文献   

16.
Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P< 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P< 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.  相似文献   

17.
Objective:To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin(OPG) and osteoclast differentiation factor(ODF) in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods:OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers(over 50 years old) with hip fracture(Observer Group) and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis(Control group) were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results:The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion:Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.  相似文献   

18.
Objective:To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas(SPTP). Methods:Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin(HE) staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results:Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin(9/9 cases), AAT(9/9 cases), NSE(9/9 cases), ACT(7/9 cases), CK20(2/9 cases), CgA(1/9 cases), S-100(3/gcases), PR(4/gcases), Syn(3/9 cases) and CD56(5/9cases), negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion:SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.  相似文献   

19.
Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.  相似文献   

20.
In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号