非相关文献知识发现研究进展

美国芝加哥大学情报学教授Don.R.Swanson创立的情报学知识发现方法及人机交互系统Arrowsmith,是揭示非相关文献及学科间隐藏联系的强有力的工具。文章介绍了Swanson的情报学思想的内涵及其开放式和闭合式的知识发现过程,概述了目前我国在理论和实践两方面的研究状况,指出Swanson方法在医学领域尤其是中医药领域实践中所面临的问题。在未来的科学发展中,Swanson知识发现方法将具有广阔的推广前景。     

运用非相关文献知识发现方法挖掘疾病的潜在相关基因

基于非相关文献的知识发现有开放式挖掘和闭合式验证两个过程.先应用开放式的非相关文献知识发现方法寻找与先天性全身多毛症(CGH)相关的潜在候选基因,再应用闭合式方法进行验证和初筛,最后使用Gene、OMIM及PubMed数据库对初筛后保留的基因进一步分析研究,发现CGH可能与位于常染色体17q的潜在MAP2K6基因相关.实践证明,应用非相关文献知识发现方法可用于挖掘疾病的潜在基因.     

浅析我国医学文献计量分析的研究现状

我国文献计量学的研究随着情报学学科的建立和发展,在理论研究与实际应用方面均取得了长足的发展,目前已经在许多学科中广泛应用,是情报学中最活跃、发展最迅速的专业领域之一.在当今社会,医学相关信息海量激增,医务工作者由于时间紧、检索能力差等原因,很难从大量医学信息中查找相关知识,文献计量分析为医务工作者提供了一种方便快捷、可靠度高的医学情报信息获取途径.本文探讨了医学文献计量分析的研究现状.     

构建基于文献信息网络的知识发现系统应用模型的设想

文献检索能够帮助用户快速地查找与获取目标文献,但非结构化的文献仍然需要人工阅读才能获得有效的知识,严重限制了从大量文献中发现知识的效率。基于文献的知识发现研究是通过文献集中潜在的关联发现来形成科学假设,因此利用文本挖掘技术将非结构化的文献集转化为图结构模型,对进一步知识发现的实施与深入挖掘都具有重要作用。有鉴于此,我们利用复杂网络的方法对文献集进行文本挖掘,探讨了关联知识的图结构组织对文献知识发现的重要作用,揭示了非相关文献中的隐含知识,并构建了文献信息网络的知识发现应用模型。     

医学文献计量分析的研究现状探讨

文献计量学是以文献本身及其所表现出来的题名、著者、参考文献及文献内容等一切与文献有关的文献计量特征为研究对象,通过数学、统计学等的计量方法,研究文献信息的分布结构、数量关系、变化规律和定量管理,并进而探讨科学技术的某些结构、特征和规律的一门科学。我国文献计量学的研究随着情报学学科的建立和发展,在理论研究与实际应用方面均取得了长足的发展,目前已经在许多学科中广泛的应用,是情报学中最活跃、发展最迅速的专业领域之一。知识爆炸的时代,医学相关信息海量激增,医务工作者由于时间缺乏,检索能力差等原因,很难从大量医学信息中查找相关知识,文献计量分析为医务工作者提供了一种方便快捷可靠度高的医学情报情报信息获取途径。随着现代信息技术的飞速发展,文献计量分析在医学中的应用也越来越广泛,本文探讨医学文献计量分析的研究现状,现报道如下。     

文本挖掘在中医药文献分析中的应用

文本挖掘能从海量的中医药文献中发现知识以促进中医临床研究和中药研发。本文总结现有研究指出文本分类和信息抽取是中医药文献知识发现的关键技术,指出中医药文本分类、非关联知识发现和中医药文献信息抽取为三个主要研究方向,并论述了三个研究领域中需解决的关键问题和研究方向,最后展望文本挖掘在中医药学科的应用前景,指出非关联文献知识将成为中西医结合研究的热点。     

Arrowsmith在药物副作用预测研究中的应用探讨

介绍基于非相关文献的知识发现工具-Arrowsmith，探讨其在药物副作用预测研究中的应用。     

中文情报学类书籍著述特征

利用文献计量方法分析了我国情报学学科的特征和发展规律,期望能为情报学相关研究提供参考依据。     

信息可视化在医学文献分析中的初步应用理论研究

信息可视化是情报学重要研究领域之一,借助文献分析、可视化工具对大量文献数据信息绘制科学知识图谱,为清晰、准确地揭示知识领域结构,发现科技研究热点、研究前沿提供了新的手段。在调研国内外信息分析可视化研究的基础上,总结信息分析可视化的常用方法、工具及其主要应用领域,为在医学领域开展信息分析可视化应用研究奠定基础。     

基于非相关文献的3阶知识发现——闭合式方法探讨

探讨基于非相关文献的3阶知识发现闭合式方法的基本原理，设计基于关联关系共现的闭合式方法。通过实例验证开放式发现方法所挖掘出的潜在关联链条，说明基于非相关文献的3阶知识发现闭合式方法可以实际问题为导向，为研究活动提供服务。     

网络特征对文献间接关联发现的评价作用

基于文献的知识发现研究通过文献中潜在的间接关联的挖掘获取新的科学假设,在生物医学领域已经得到了越来越广泛的应用。间接关联性的评价是当前文献知识发现研究的一个热点问题;本文主要探讨网络特征在文献知识发现过程中间接关联的评价作用,整合共现统计信息与网络结构特征,建立了间接关联评价的新指标,这对于提高文献知识发现效率与构建知识发现系统具有重要意义。     

Finding potentially new multimorbidity patterns of psychiatric and somatic diseases: exploring the use of literature-based discovery in primary care research

Background

Multimorbidity, the co-occurrence of two or more chronic medical conditions within a single individual, is increasingly becoming part of daily care of general medical practice. Literature-based discovery may help to investigate the patterns of multimorbidity and to integrate medical knowledge for improving healthcare delivery for individuals with co-occurring chronic conditions.

Objective

To explore the usefulness of literature-based discovery in primary care research through the key-case of finding associations between psychiatric and somatic diseases relevant to general practice in a large biomedical literature database (Medline).

Methods

By using literature based discovery for matching disease profiles as vectors in a high-dimensional associative concept space, co-occurrences of a broad spectrum of chronic medical conditions were matched for their potential in biomedicine. An experimental setting was chosen in parallel with expert evaluations and expert meetings to assess performance and to generate targets for integrating literature-based discovery in multidisciplinary medical research of psychiatric and somatic disease associations.

Results

Through stepwise reductions a reference set of 21 945 disease combinations was generated, from which a set of 166 combinations between psychiatric and somatic diseases was selected and assessed by text mining and expert evaluation.

Conclusions

Literature-based discovery tools generate specific patterns of associations between psychiatric and somatic diseases: one subset was appraised as promising for further research; the other subset surprised the experts, leading to intricate discussions and further eliciting of frameworks of biomedical knowledge. These frameworks enable us to specify targets for further developing and integrating literature-based discovery in multidisciplinary research of general practice, psychology and psychiatry, and epidemiology.     

基于复杂关联网络的生物医学研究结构的挖掘

基于免费开放的PubMed文献数据集,利用文献的知识发现,通过挖掘文献中隐含的关联,构建了生物医学实体关联演化网络。它能帮助科研人员形成新的科学假设,分析关联网络的拓扑特征,从系统层面上研究科学文献富集的知识结构、相关性与发展规律,为文献的知识发现引入新的视角与方法,提高知识发现的效率。     

利用知识发现工具Arrowsmith探讨当归与痛经的相关性

利用知识发现工具Arrowsmith,探讨当归与痛经的相关性,发现当归中部分有效成分对痛经有潜在的治疗作用,另一部分有效成分则不利于痛经的治疗,说明基于文献的知识发现形成的知识关联结果,不仅能为实验室试验或临床观察提供可证实或否定的数据,也能为研究者提供新的研究思路。     

Using Literature-Based Discovery to Explain Adverse Drug Effects

We report on our research in using literature-based discovery (LBD) to provide pharmacological and/or pharmacogenomic explanations for reported adverse drug effects. The goal of LBD is to generate novel and potentially useful hypotheses by analyzing the scientific literature and optionally some additional resources. Our assumption is that drugs have effects on some genes or proteins and that these genes or proteins are associated with the observed adverse effects. Therefore, by using LBD we try to find genes or proteins that link the drugs with the reported adverse effects. These genes or proteins can be used to provide insight into the processes causing the adverse effects. Initial results show that our method has the potential to assist in explaining reported adverse drug effects.     

Creating a Pediatric Digital Library for Pediatric Health Care Providers and Families: Using Literature and Data to Define Common Pediatric Problems

The goal of this study was to complete a literature-based needs assessment with regard to common pediatric problems encountered by pediatric health care providers (PHCPs) and families, and to develop a problem-based pediatric digital library to meet those needs. The needs assessment yielded 65 information sources. Common problems were identified and categorized, and the Internet was manually searched for authoritative Web sites. The created pediatric digital library (www.generalpediatrics.com) used a problem-based interface and was deployed in November 1999. From November 1999 to November 2000, the number of hyperlinks and authoritative Web sites increased 51.1 and 32.2 percent, respectively. Over the same time, visitors increased by 57.3 percent and overall usage increased by 255 percent. A pediatric digital library has been created that begins to bring order to general pediatric resources on the Internet. This pediatric digital library provides current, authoritative, easily accessed pediatric information whenever and wherever the PHCPs and families want assistance.The information needs of pediatric health care providers (PHCPs) and of the families of pediatric patients are not well documented, and most pediatric information on the Internet is poorly organized. The goal of this study was, therefore, to complete a literature-based needs assessment to determine the 200 most common pediatric problems encountered by general PHCPs and families (100 for general PHCPs and 100 for families) and then develop a problem-based pediatric digital library designed to meet these information needs.     

“医学文献检索与利用”课程教材基础理论研究与展望

分析我国1959-2018年出版的“医学文献检索与利用”课程教材,发现教材的基础理论部分主要为检索工具使用法、文献学理论和情报学理论3种理论模式并存。从目前情况看,该课程教材在基础理论方面尚未完全做到与时俱进,难以适应信息技术的发展。提出“医学文献检索与利用”课程基础理论要紧贴医学文献检索与利用的目标和社会需要,突破以文献为基础的学科固有模式,深入到信息、知识、智能与智慧的内容与过程之中,构建与医学教育发展相适应的教材新体系。