不同发育阶段大鼠海马 CA2～3区nNOS的表达

目的观察不同发育阶段大鼠海马的形态学变化及海马CA2～3区nNOS的表达.方法取大鼠28只,按鼠龄大小分为1周龄、3周龄、3月龄及老龄(24～28月龄)4个年龄组,分别观察不同发育阶段大鼠海马形态学特征和免疫组化ABC法对海马CA2～3区nNOS的表达定位及定量分析.结果不同发育阶段大鼠海马结构呈现明显的形态学变化;nNOS在各年龄组大鼠海马CA2～3区中均有表达,阳性细胞积分光度值(IOD)以3周龄组为最高,其次为3月龄组,而1周龄和老龄组大鼠最低.结论不同发育阶段大鼠海马CA2～3区nNOS的表达表现出明显的动态变化特征;提示一氧化氮(NO)与海马的发育、突触的形成和成熟以及学习记忆具有密切关系.     

托吡酯对癫痫大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的 :探讨托吡酯 (TPM)对癫痫发作大鼠海马神经元凋亡的影响及其可能的机制。方法 :采用戊四氮致痫模型 ,大鼠癫痫发作后连续给予托吡酯 (80 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 和 4 0 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 ) ,共 14 d。以 TU NEL方法标记 DNA片段 ,原位检测海马 CA1和 CA3区的神经细胞凋亡。结果 :各组大鼠海马 CA1、CA3区均出现 TU NEL阳性细胞。对照组海马 CA1、CA3区 TUNEL阳性细胞数分别为 (35 .83± 4 .5 8)个和 (36 .83± 3.87)个 ;4 0 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 托吡酯组分别为 (31.5 2± 3.4 3)个和 (32 .35± 4 .6 9)个 ;80 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 托吡酯组为 (2 1.17± 3.0 6 )个和 (2 1.16± 3.87)个。 80 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 托吡酯组与对照组比较存在极显著差异 (P<0 .0 0 1) ,4 0 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 托吡酯组与对照组相比无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :TPM对癫痫发作后神经元凋亡具有一定的保护作用。     

不同发育阶段大鼠海马CA2—3区nNOS的表达

目的 观察不同发育阶段大鼠海马的形态学变化及海马CA2-3区nNOS的表达。方法 取大鼠28只，按鼠龄大小分为1周龄，3周龄，3月龄及老龄（24-28月龄）4个年龄组，分别观察不同发育阶段大鼠海马形态学特征和免疫组化ABC法对海马CA2-3区nNOS的表达定位及定量分析。结果 不同发育阶段大鼠海马结构呈现明显的形态学变化;nNOS在各年龄组大鼠海马CA2-3区中均有表达，阳性细胞积分光度值（IOD）以3周龄组为最高，其次为3月龄组，而1周龄和老龄组大鼠最低。结论 不同发育阶段大鼠海马CA2-3区nNOS的表达表现出明显的动态变化特征；提示一氧化氮（NO）与海马的发育，突触的形成和成熟以及学习记忆具有密切关系。     

高剂量染铅大鼠海马神经元型一氧化氮合酶表达的变化

目的 :探讨铅对海马 LTP的影响与海马不同亚区神经元型一氧化氮合酶 ( n NOS)变化的关系。方法 :1 5只大鼠饮用含 0 .2 %酯酸铅 3 m后 ,作为染铅组进行实验。采用原子吸收法测定血液与海马中铅含量 ;用免疫组化法研究大鼠海马不同亚区 n NOS的表达情况。结果 :染铅组大鼠血液与海马中铅含量明显高于对照组 (血铅为 1 50 .69± 52 .1 4 ng/ml比 5.1 6± 1 .1 5ng/ml;海马铅为 1 1 69.2 7± 1 68.0 6ng/g比 1 99.63± 4 3 .1 4 ng/g,P<0 .0 5) ;染铅组大鼠海马 CA1区 n NOS阳性细胞数目 ( 49.56± 6.70 )明显少于对照组 ( 64 .56± 1 2 .4 6,P<0 .0 5) ,在 CA3区无明显改变。结论 :铅对海马 LTP的影响可能与染铅后海马各区 n NOS的不同变化有关     

大鼠海马CA3区神经元突触的老龄性改变

目的:观察老龄大鼠海马CA3区神经元突触超微结构的改变,探讨老龄动物海马学习记忆功能减退的形态学基础.方法:应用透射电镜技术,观察青年组(3～5月龄)和老龄组(24～26月龄)Wistar大鼠海马神经元的超微结构.结果:老龄组海马CA3区神经元的主要变化:突触连接缩短或间断、突触前后膜融合;突触小胞大量集聚、小胞大小不等;树突棘内棘器远离突触后膜,其扁平小囊增多并扩张.结论:老龄大鼠海马CA3区神经元突触发生了明显的变性改变,这可能是导致学习记忆障碍的形态学基础.     

高血糖对短暂脑缺血海马CA1区迟发性神经元死亡的影响

目的 :通过对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注海马 CA1区神经元形态学观察 ,探讨高血糖对海马迟发性神经元死亡的影响。方法 :术前给大鼠腹腔内注射生理盐水和葡萄糖造成正常血糖和高血糖状态 ,参考 Zea- L onga法制备大脑中动脉阻塞及再灌注模型。于再灌注后 1、3、7d取材 ,进行 HE染色 ,观察正常神经元。结果 :缺血再灌注后 1、3、7d正常血糖组海马 CA1区正常神经元计数为 1 76.0 0± 4.2 4 ,1 1 0 .75± 7.89,5 9.0 0± 8.41 ;高血糖组为1 68.2 5± 7.1 4,89.5 0± 8.2 0 ,39.75± 8.42 ,3d和 7d时两组之间存在显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :高血糖可加重局灶性脑缺血再灌注后海马 CA1区迟发性神经元死亡     

逍遥散对应激大鼠海马CA3区突触体结构可塑性的影响

目的观察逍遥散对多相性应激大鼠海马CA3区神经元结构的影响,探究逍遥散抗应激损伤大鼠海马神经突触结构可塑性的机制.方法Wistar大鼠随机分为空白对照组、病理对照1组、病理对照2组、治疗1组、治疗2组,每组10只.采用慢性多相性应激模型,透射电镜观测比较各组大鼠CA3区神经突触超微结构变化.结果病理对照1组及病理对照2组大鼠海马神经元突触的数密度[(3.066±2.032),(3.785±2.162)]与面密度[(0.100±0.056),(0.129±0.064)]较空白对照组[(5.707±2.268),(0.234±0.102)]均有明显降低(P＜0.01),突触连接带的平均面积则无明显变化(P＞0.05),而治疗1组与治疗2组大鼠海马神经元突触的数密度与空白对照组相比无明显差异(P＞0.05);面密度则均有明显减小(P＜0.01).与病理对照1组相比,治疗1组大鼠海马神经元突触的数密度与面密度均明显增大(P＜0.01);治疗2组大鼠海马神经元突触的数密度明显增大(P＜0.01),面密度也有所增大(P＜0.05).结论多相性应激可以损伤大鼠的神经突触结构,影响突触间的相互连接.而逍遥散则可能是通过减少应激对原有的突触及突触连接的损伤,以及促进新的突触与突触连接的形成.     

老龄大鼠大脑皮质、海马与尾壳核内神经元型一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元的分布

目的研究老龄大鼠大脑皮质、海马与尾壳核内神经元型一氧化氮合酶 (neuronalnitricoxidesynthase,nNOS)阳性神经元的分布。方法以兔抗鼠NOS I多克隆抗体为I抗 ,应用免疫细胞化学法和计算机图像分析技术研究nNOS阳性神经元的分布。结果nNOS阳性神经元散布于大脑皮质的Ⅱ Ⅵ层 ,多数神经元呈中度或弱阳性标记 ,少数则为强阳性标记 ,偶见阴性标记者 ,积分光密度 (intergratedopticaldensity ,IOD)值为4 79.3 8± 15 0 .91( x±s)。海马皮质中的多数中间神经元和极少数锥体细胞呈弱阳性标记 ,个别中间神经元则呈强阳性标记 ,IOD值为 4 0 0 .19± 168.3 4。尾壳核内多数神经元呈强阳性或中度阳性标记 ,少数为弱阳性或阴性标记 ,IOD值为2 0 3 .0 3± 4 1.2 8。结论老龄大鼠大脑皮质、海马与尾壳核内的神经元对nNOS多克隆抗体的免疫细胞化学反应具有鲜明的异质性。     

慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠海马5-HT1A受体的变化

目的 :探讨慢性不可预见性应激抑郁模型大鼠海马 5 -HT1A受体 (5 -HT1AR)的变化以及三环类抗抑郁剂 (TCAs)阿米替林和 5 -羟色胺再摄取抑制剂 (SSRI)氟西汀对其影响。方法 :将 2 4只SD雄性大鼠随机均分为 4组 ,即对照组、抑郁组、阿米替林治疗组、氟西汀治疗组。应用 [3H]8-OH -DPAT作为放射性配基 ,使用放射性配体受体结合法测定大鼠海马 5 -HT1AR的特异性结合。结果 :与对照组相比 ,抑郁组大鼠海马 [3H ]8-OH -DPAT特异性结合下降 2 8.10 % (P <0 .0 5 )。阿米替林治疗 2 1d ,抑郁大鼠海马的 [3H]8-OH -DPAT特异性结合明显提高至 (2 6 .6 3±5 .5 0 )fmol/mgprotein ,与抑郁组 (18.78± 5 .6 2 )fmol/mgprotein比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,与对照组 (2 6 .12± 5 .5 2 )fmol/mgprotein比较无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;氟西汀治疗 2 1d ,抑郁大鼠海马的 [3H]8-OH -DPAT特异性结合无显著变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :①抑郁大鼠海马 5 -HT1AR特异性结合下降可能与抑郁症病因相关。②海马 5 -HT1AR可能是阿米替林发挥抗抑郁作用的环节。③氟西汀可能不通过影响海马突触后膜的 5 -HT1AR发挥抗抑郁作用     

浅层巩膜静脉烧烙法诱发大鼠慢性高眼压的研究

目的 :证明大鼠基础眼压的昼夜节律并建立稳定的大鼠慢性高眼压模型 .方法 :健康雌性SD大鼠 4 0只 ,建立模型前早晚各测眼压一次 ,连续测量 1wk ,之后将 4 0只大鼠完全随机分为对照组、模型Ⅰ组、模型Ⅱ组、模型Ⅲ组 ,每组 1 0只 .对照组只打开球结膜 ,巩膜静脉不做处理 ;模型Ⅰ ,Ⅱ ,Ⅲ组分别烧烙 1 ,2 ,3条浅层巩膜静脉 ,术后即刻、术后 30min ,1h ,1 2h ,1d ,1wk ,4wk ,8wk分别测量各组眼压 ,并于术后观察术眼的局部表现 .大鼠眼压用TONO PEN测量 .结果 :大鼠白天正常眼压界于 1 .0 6kPa～ 1 .99kPa之间 ,平均眼压值为 (1 .4 6± 0 .2 5 )kPa ;夜间正常眼压界于 1 .73kPa～ 2 .6 6kPa之间 ,平均眼压值为 (1 .86± 0 .2 3)kPa .大鼠夜间平均眼压高于白天 (P >0 .0 1 ) .术后 8wk对照组平均眼压值为 (1 .6 8± 0 .2 5 )kPa ,模型Ⅰ组平均眼压值为 (1 .6 5±0 .2 6 )kPa ,模型Ⅱ组平均眼压值为 (4 .0 4± 0 .2 1 )kPa,模型Ⅲ组平均眼压值为 (4 .1 2± 0 .1 9)kPa .术后 8wk各组平均眼压值 ,对照组与模型Ⅰ组间以及模型Ⅱ组与模型Ⅲ组间平均眼压值没有差别 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,前两组与后两组分别进行比较 ,平均眼压值差别显著 (P >0 .0 1 ) .模型Ⅲ组术后有 3只眼出现角膜大泡、热伤性白内障等并发症 .结论 :     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…