Characteristics of Zn^2＋ Biosorption by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Objective To investigate the characteristics of Zn^2＋ biosorption and the release of cations during the process of Zn^2＋ biosorption by intact cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Methods The batch adsorption test was used to study the biosorption equilibrium and isotherm. Zn^2＋ concentration was measured with atomic adsorption spectrophotometer （AAS） AAS 6.Vario. Results When the initial concentration of Zn^2＋ ranged between 0.08 and 0.8 retool/L, the initial pH was natural （about 5.65）, the sorbent concentration was about 1 g/L and the capacity ofZn〉 biosorption was from 74.8 to 654.8 μmol/g. The pH value increased by 0.55-1.28 and the intracellular cations （K^＋, Mg^2＋, Na^＋, Ca〉） of the cells were re/eased during the process of Zn〉 biosorption. Conclusion Ion exchange was one of the mechanisms for Zn^2＋ biosorption. The biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a potential biosorbent for the removal of Zn^2＋ from aqueous solution. More work needs to be done before putting it into practical application.     

Effect of pretreatment with different concertrations of morphine, fentanyl and tramadol on the differentiation of human helper T cells in vitro

Objective： To investigate and compare the .effects of different concentrations of morphine, fentanyl and tramadol on the differentiation of human adult helper T cells in vitro. Methods： Twenty out-patients without immune disease were selected and their peripheral blood was collected. Then the Whole blood of peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） were pretreated with different concentration of morphine, fentanyl and tramadol for 24 h. The level of CD4^＋ IFN-γ^＋ IL-2^＋/CD4^＋ IL-4^＋ IL-10^＋ was analyzed by three-color flow cytometry, and the CD4^＋ CCR5^＋ and CD4^＋ CCR3 ^＋ cells were counted to observe the imbalance of Th2/Th2. Results： The number of Th2 increased significantly and the ratio of Th2/Th2 decreased dramatically compared with the control group, and there was a dose-dependent fashion in all drugs. Conclusion： Morphine, fentanyl and tramadol can direct Th0 cells toward Th2 differentiation, especially morphine and fentanyl.     

Uptake,Deuration and Subcellular Distribution of Cadmium in Various Tissues of Perna Viridis

Green-lipped mussels(Perna viridis)were collected from a local mariculture site and placed in pre-cleaned sea water tanks containing 0,0.2,0.5and 1.3μg/ml CdCl2.The level of Cd in the gill,viscera and gonad was measured.The concentration of Cd in the 3 tissues increased linearly over 4 days‘ of exposure.The rate of uptake depends on the concentration of Cd in the water.In the 3 tissues studied,the maximum rate of uptake(Vmax)was highest in the gill(500μg/g dry weiht/day),followed by viscera(100μg/g dry weight/ day)and gonad(56.8μg/g dry weight/day).The majority of the Cd taken up was bound to a fraction of the heat-stable proteins similar to metallothioneins.The rate of Cd depuration from the tissues was poor.There was no change in Cd concentration over 8 days‘ depuration in clean water.     

Anti-spermatogenic Effects of Ethanol Extract of Mucuna Urens

Objective To investigate the age-long claim by the locales that the food thickener, M. urens seed, has antispermatogenic, hence, antifertility effects in man. Methods Eight-week old male Albino rats were used as the mammalian model for this study. They were assigned to four groups of 6 rats each and treatment with the ethanol extract was for a period of 14 d. The treatment regimes were 70 mg/kg, 140 mg/kg, 210 mg/kg and 0 mg/kg BW in groups A, B, C and D, respectively. Extracts were prepared by Soxhlet extraction using 80% ethanol as the extracting solvent. The stock solution was prepared by dissolving 1 g of the paste extract in 10 ml corn oil （vehicle） to make up 100 mg/ml concentration. At the end of the treatment, sperm from the distal caudal epididymis was collected and analyzed for sperm count, sperm motility and sperm morphology. Results Significant reduction was observed in sperm count and sperm motility （P〈0.05）. The mean sperm count for group A was 6.27±0.02×10^6, for group B was 6.16±0.02×10^6 and group C had 6.0±0.0×10^6 sperm cells The control （group D） had a mean sperm count of 6.50±0.09×10^6 which was higher than that of any treated group. Results of the sperm motility test gave the following mean rates for motile sperm cells after treatment： group A, 57.6±% 2.1; group B, 50.0±4.0; group C, 45.0±4.0. The control had the highest mean motility rate of 72.3±2.1. The observed sperm abnormalities included unusual head with large acrosome, looped tailpiece, mid piece with distal droplet, pin head, pyriform head and long hook.Conclusion The anti-spermatogenic effects of the extract on the sperm in the Albino rat may lead to reduction of fertility.     

Effect of Cu and Ni on Growth,Mineral Uptake,Photosynthesis and Enzyme Activities of Chlorella vulgaris at different pH Values

A pH dependent reduction in growth,pigment,ATP content,O2 evolution,carbon fixation,photosynthetic electron transport system,nutrient uptake(No3^- and NH4^ ) nitrate reductase,and ATPase activities and increase in K^ -efflux of Chlorella vulgaris was noticed following supplementation of Cu and Ni to the culture medium.PSⅡ was found to be more sensitive to both pH and metals than PS I.Though.nitrate reductase(NR)was more sensitive to both pH and metals,the ATP ase was however,more sensitive to metals but less sensitive to acidic pH.Acid pH was found to inhibit the nutrinent(NO3^-and NH4^ ) uptake and nitrate reductase in a non-competitive manner.The inhibition produced by the test metals alone was of non-competitive type for NO3^- uptake,nitrate reductase and ATPase and competitive for NH4^ uptake.Acidity not only inhibited the metabolic variables directly but also through facilitated uptake of metals and increased membrane permeability.A very low sensitivity of ATPase to acidic pH seems to be responsible for the survival of algae in acid environment.     

Recovery of nitrogen and phosphorous as struvite from swine waste biogas digester effluent

Objective To investigate the feasibility of nitrogen and phosphorus recovery from swine waste biogas digester effluent and the effects of pH and NH4 : Mg2 : PO43- molar ratio on its precipitation. Methods Precipitation experiments with swine waste biogas digester effluent were conducted at pH 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, and 9.0 together with NH4 : Mg2 : PO43- molar ratios 1: 0.2: 0.08, 1: 1: 1, and 1: 1.5: 1.5. Chemical and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were done to determine the composition of the precipitate. Results The highest removal and recovery of NH4 and PO43- were achieved at pH 9.0 in each experiment. The elevation of pH to 9.0 alone could decrease the initial PO43- concentration from 42 mg L-1 to 4.7 mg L-1 and 89.2% PO43- recovery was achieved. The pH-molar ratio combination 9.0-1: 1.5: 1.5 effected 76.5% NH4 and 68.5% PO43- recovery. The molar ratio of 1: 1: 1 together with pH elevation to 9.0 was determined to be the optimum combination for both NH4 and PO43- removal as it recovered over 70% and 97% of the initial NH4 and PO43-, respectively. Conclusions Nitrogen and phosphorus can be recovered from biogas digester effluent as struvite.     

Role of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor beta 1 in otitis media with effusion

Background Otitis media with effusion （OME） is a disease with complicated pathogeneses which are not clearly known Increasing interest has been focused on immunological cells, cytokines and their roles in chronic inflammatory states. This study was designed to disclose the existence and roles of interleukin-10 （IL-10） and transforming growth factor beta1 （TGF-β1） in the cause of OME in adults, and to investigate the probable role of Foxp3^＋CD4^＋CD25^＋ T cells in OME. Methods The concentrations of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in the middle ear effusions （MEEs） and plasmas of 36 adults （45 ears） with OME were measured by means of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. As contrast, the concentrations of IL-10 and TGF-131 in the plasma of 30 normal volunteers were measured using the same method. Furthermore, the proportion of Foxp3^＋CD4^＋CD25^＋ T cells in CD4^＋ T cells of blood was tested by flow cytometry. Results （1） The concentrations of IL-10 in all MEEs and plasmas of the chronic OME patients were higher than those in patients with acute OME （both P 〈0.05）, so was TGF-131 （both P 〈0.01）. The concentration of IL-10 in MEEs was significantly higher than that in plasmas, not only in acute OME （P〈0.01）, but also in chronic OME （P〈0.01）. In chronic OME, the concentration of TGF-β1 in MEEs had no statistical difference with those in plasmas of the same patients. However, the concentration of TGF-β1 in plasmas of patients with chronic OME was significantly higher than that in plasmas of normal volunteers （P 〈0.01）. （2） The concentrations of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in MEEs of the patients who had been treated more than once were higher than those MEEs of the patients who were treated for the first time, respectively （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. The level of TGF-β1 in plasmas of the patients who had been treated more than once was higher than in those of the patients who were treated firstly （P 〈0.05）, while the level of IL-10 in plasmas had no difference. The concentration of IL-10 in mucoid MEEs was higher than those in serous ones （P〈0.05）, while TGF-β1 had no statistical difference between mucoid and serous MEEs （P〉0.05）. The concentration of IL-10 in MEEs had a strong correlation with the duration of the illness （r=0.547, P〈0.01）. The same correlation was also found between the concentration of TGF-β1 in MEEs and the times patients being treated （r=0.579, P 〈0.01）. （3） The proportion of Foxp3^＋CD4^＋CD25^＋T/CD4^＋ T cells in the blood of chronic OME was not only significantly higher than that in the acute OME （P〈0.01）, but also higher than that in normal volunteers （P 〈0.01）. In chronic OME, there was a correlation between the proportion of Foxp3^＋CD4^＋CD25^＋ T/CD4^＋ T cells in the blood and the concentration of IL-10 in the plasmas （r=0.602, P 〈0.05）. Conclusions IL-10 and TGF-β1, as two important immunoregulatory mediators, participate in middle ear inflammatory response, especially in chronic course of OME in adults. Foxp3^＋CD4^＋CD25^＋ T cells may play some immunoregulatory roles in the course of this disease.     

^99mTc-YIGSR as a Receptor Tracer in Imaging the Ehrlich Ascites Tumor-bearing Mice as Compared with ^99mTc-MIBI

The validity of ^99mTc-YIGSR, a novel receptor radio-tracer, in imaging the Ehrlich ascites tumor was evaluated. YIGSR, a pentapeptide of laminin, was labeled with ^99mTc by using a bifunctional chelator S-Acetly-NH3-MAG3. The MIBI was labeled with ^99mTc by following the kit instruction. The mice of tumor group were intravenously injected 1-2 mCi of ^99mTc-YIGSR or ^99mTc-MIBI via caudal vein, immobilized and imaged under a Gamma camera. The same procedure was performed in mice of blockade group, in which the unlabeled YIGSR was previously injected to block the receptor-recognition sites, and inflammation group serving as control. The reverse-phase Sep-Pak C18 chromatogram was found to have an essentially complete conjugation between YIGSR and S-Acetly-NH3-MAG3. The conjugated YIGSR could be radio-labeled successfully with ^99mTC at room temperature and neutral pH, with a radio-labeling yield of 62%. Without the chelator S-Acetly-NH3-MAG3, the YIGSR was labeled with ^99mTc at an efficiency of 4%. The imagological study revealed obvious tumor accumulation of ^99mTc-YIGSR 15 min after the injection, and the uptake peaked after 3 h with a tumor-to-muscle ratio （T/M） of 11.36. The radio-tracer was slowly cleared up and resulted in a T/M of 3.01 at the 8th h after the injection. As for blocked group, the tumor uptake of radiotracer was significantly lower, with the highest T/M being 4.61 after 3 h and 0.89 after 8 h. The T/M was 3.72 at the 3rd h and 1.29 at the 8th h after the ^99mTc-YIGSR injection in the inflammatory group. The T/M was significantly higher in tumor group than in inflammatory group or control group （P〈0.001）. In the ^99mTc-MIBI group, the T/M was 1.40 at the 3rd h and 0.55 at the 8th h after the injection, which showed a significant difference as compared with ^99mTc-YIGSR （P〈0.001）. It is concluded that YIGSR can be successfully radiolabelled by using S-Acetly-NH3-MAG3. ^99mTc-YIGSR has many advantages in tumor imaging, such as quick and clear visualization, high sensitivity and sp     

Involvement of CD4^＋CD25^＋ regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of polycythaemia vera

Background Regulatory T cells （mreg） have been shown to play an important role in the regulation of hematopoietic activity. However, there is no information about the effect of Treg cells in the pathogenesis of polycythaemia vera （PV）. Methods In this study, we investigated the percentage and function of Treg cells in the peripheral blood of 21 PV patients and 25 healthy donors, mreg cells were identified and characterized as CD4^＋CD25^＋FOXP3^＋ by flow cytometry. The suppressive activity of CD4^＋CD25^＋ Treg cells was assessed by the proliferation and cytokine secretion of the co-cultured CD4^＋CD25^- fractions. Results The results showed that the percentage of Treg cells in the peripheral blood of PV patients significantly increased compared to healthy controls （（10.93±4.02）% vs （5.86±1.99）%, P 〈0.05）. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression of FOXP3 was higher in CD4^＋CD25^＋ Treg cells. Coordinately, when co-cultured with the activated CD4^＋CD25^- cells, the CD4^＋CD25^＋ Treg cells showed enhanced suppressive function in PV. Yet, the underlying mechanism for the increased frequency and function of CD4^＋CD25^＋ Treg cells is still to be clarified. Conclusion Treg cells expansion might account for the abnormal T cell immunity in PV patients and thus contribute to the pathogenesis of PV.     

人血清脱金属铁传递蛋白裂解焦磷酸键的研究

目的:测定人血清脱金属铁传递蛋白裂解焦磷酸键的反应速率常数.方法:应用31P NMR技术,在不同pH值及不同浓度MgCl2存在条件下,测定了脱金属铁传递蛋白与焦磷酸二钠反应的核磁共振图谱,根据焦磷酸盐的摩尔浓度(对应于其谱峰强度)随时间的变化情况,应用动力学公式对数据进行拟合.结果:当人血清脱金属铁传递蛋白(0.5～1.0 mmol/L)与焦磷酸盐的反应摩尔浓度比为15时,在312 K条件下,反应速率常数分别为:8.83×10-4 L·mmol-1·h-1(pH 6.85)、9.59×10-4 L·mmol-1·h-1(pH 7.40)和1.38×10-3 L·mmol-1·h-1(pH 8.15).在2 mmol/L MgCl2存在时,pH 7.40、312 K条件下,反应速率常数为1.21×10-3L·mmol-1·h-1.结论:人血清脱金属铁传递蛋白能缓慢地将焦磷酸根裂解为磷酸根,反应具有二级反应动力学性质,Mg2 对该裂解反应有弱催化作用.     

磷酸盐尿结石形成原因的动力学实验研究

本文从化学反应的角度,应用电解质沉淀的动力学理论和方法,研究了尿路磷酸盐结石形成的原因:①当病人尿pH值由酸性变为碱性时,尿磷酸盐缓冲系中的HPO~(2-)_4与高钙尿中的Ca~(2+)作用,生成CaHPO_4;②当尿中NH_3的浓度增高,则生成Ca_3(PO_4)_2;③此时,若尿Mg~(2+)的浓度高,而Ca~(2+)的浓度低,则生成Mg(NH_4)PO_4;④尿中氯化钠能升高以上3种微溶盐的过饱和程度,有利于结石的形成。     

不同阳离子对Cyanea capillata水母触手提取物溶血活性的影响

目的 探讨血浆对Cyanea capillata水母触手提取物(TOE)溶血活性的影响和孔道形成在其溶血机制中的作用。方法 在具有相同红细胞浓度的1%稀释的全血和0.5%红细胞悬液中,检测不同浓度(100、200、400 μg/ml)的TOE产生的溶血效应,并在两套体系中分别加入20、50或100 mmol/L的K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Mn2+、Zn2+、Cu2+、Fe2+、La3+、NH4+等阳离子和离子螯合剂EDTA,观察其对TOE溶血活性的影响。结果 在两套溶血检测体系中,TOE均呈现出剂量依赖性的溶血效应,TOE为200 μg/ml时在红细胞悬液产生的溶血强度高于稀释的全血;Mn2+、Zn2+、La3+、Cu2+、Fe2+和EDTA均明显降低TOE溶血活性(P<0.05),其中以Zn2+的抑制作用最强,而K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、NH4+可不同程度地增强其溶血活性(P<0.05)。结论 血浆对TOE的溶血作用有一定的保护作用,而孔道形成可能在TOE的溶血机制中具有重要作用。     

中药TCM—X对急性胰腺炎大鼠细菌移位的影响

为探讨中药ＴＣＭ－Ｘ对急性胰腺炎大鼠细菌移位的影响，将６０只ＳＤ大鼠分为正常对照组（ｎ＝１２），重症胰腺炎＋生理盐水组（生理盐水组，ｎ＝１２），重症胰腺炎＋庆大霉素组（庆大霉素组，ｎ＝１２），重症胰腺炎＋ＴＣＭ－Ｘ（ＴＣＭ－Ｘ组，ｎ＝１２组）和重症胰腺炎＋庆大霉素＋ＴＣＭ－Ｘ（庆大霉素＋ＴＣＭ－Ｘ组，ｎ＝１２）。采用经腹腔单次注射过量左旋精氨酸５００ｍｇ／１００ｇ体重制作大鼠重症胰腺炎模型，均经胃     

聚酰胺薄纱对烧伤切痂后微型皮片移植创面蒸发量和愈合的影响

目的 探讨深度烧伤切痂后微型皮片移植创面覆盖聚酰胺薄纱对创面蒸发量和愈合的影响.方法 采用同体对照方法 ,对20例深度烧伤后24 h内入院、需要切痂微型皮片移植的患者,每例选择部位相近烧伤区域2处各约1%的创面作为观察区,其中1处创面采用Meek皮片移植技术植皮,创面内层覆盖聚酰胺薄纱(聚酰胺薄纱组);另1处采用邮票植皮技术,创面内层覆盖凡士林油纱(凡士林油纱组).植皮术后5 d,应用EP-Ⅰ型蒸发仪检测内层敷料表面、揭开内层敷料的植皮区创面(裸露创面)及创面临近的正常皮肤表面水分蒸发量;观察皮片成活率、术后10、15、20 d创面愈合率和创面完伞愈合时间;采用视觉模拟评分法进行术后5 d首次换药及术后10 d揭除内层敷料时疼痛程度评估.结果 聚酰胺薄纱组内层敷料表面水分蒸发量(ml·h-1·m-2)明显低于凡士林油纱组(分别为24.8±5.2、35.4±5.0,P<0.01),并明显低于裸露创面(41.3±4.5,P<0.01),而与正常皮肤表面(21.1±5.1)相近;凡士林油纱组内层敷料表面水分蒸发量也明显低于裸露创面(40.7±3.6,P<0.01),但明显高于正常皮肤表面(21.2±3.8,P<0.01).聚酰胺薄纱组皮片成活率(98%±3%)与凡士林油纱组(98%±2%)相近(P>0.05);术后10、15、20 d创面愈合率(分别为80%±20%、96%±7%、100%)均明显高于凡士林油纱组(分别为70%±33%、81%±21%、97%±11%,均P<0.01);创面完全愈合时间(d)明显短于凡十林油纱组(分别为13.6±1.9、16.7±2.6,P<0.01);术后5 d换药及10 d揭除内层敷料时疼痛程度评分(分别为3.2±0.8、4.9±0.4)均明显低于凡士林油纱组(分别为5.1±0.6、8.2±0.5,均P<0.01).结论 聚酰胺薄纱具有较好的保湿性,能促进烧伤切痂后植皮创而的愈合,并能减轻创面换药及揭除内层敷料时的疼痛程度,是一种比较理想的皮片移植支撑载体兼创面内层覆盖物.     

腹部手术后不同镇痛方法的镇痛效果及对儿茶酚胺的影响

目的 :观察腹部手术后不同镇痛方法的镇痛效果及对儿茶酚胺的影响。方法 :4 2例选择性开腹手术患者 ,随机分为 5组 ,罗哌卡因芬太尼 (ropivacainefentanyl,RF)、布比卡因芬太尼 (bupivacainefentanyl,BF)、布比卡因吗啡 (bupivacainemorphine,BM )组术中 1.2g·L-1硬膜外复合全麻 ,术后持续硬膜外镇痛 ,镇痛药物分别为 1.2g·L-1罗哌卡因 + 2mg·L-1芬太尼、1.2g·L-1布比卡因 + 2mg·L-1芬太尼、1.2g·L-1布比卡因 + 80mg·L-1吗啡 ;EM组术中硬膜外复合全麻 ,术后持续静脉吗啡 0 .5 g·L-1镇痛 ;静脉吗啡 (intravenousmorphine,M )组术中单纯全麻 ,术后持续静脉吗啡 0 .5g·L-1镇痛。记录镇痛效果 ,测定麻醉前、术后 1h、术后 2 4h血浆肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素水平。结果 :各组均可获得有效的镇痛效果。VAS评分BM组、M组显著低于RF组 ,VRS评分BM组明显高于RF、EM、M组。BM、M、EM组副作用较多 ,M组恶心发生率最高 (5例 )。术后 1hBM组肾上腺素显著低于BF组 ,EM组去甲肾上腺素明显低于RF组。术后 2 4hM组肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素均高于术前。结论 :目前常用的硬膜外或静脉病人自控镇痛方法都有明确的镇痛效果 ,术中复合硬膜外阻滞或术后硬膜外镇痛可以显著减轻术后应激反应的程度 ,是更有效的术后镇痛方法     

Microbial degradation of aniline by bacterial consortium

Objective To investigate the characteristics of microbial degradation of aniline by a stable bacterial consortium. Methods The bacterial consortium was isolated from activated sludge treating chemical wastewater using aniline as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen by enrichment     

生物活性骨水泥的实验研究

本文介绍生物活性骨水泥α－Ｃａ，（ＰＯ４）２（简称α－ＴＣＰ）的制备过程，ＮＨ４Ｈ２ＰＯ４是生物活性骨水泥的最好促凝剂，加入羟基磷灰石粉末和提高ＮＨ４Ｈ２ＰＯ４浓度可加快α－ＴＣＰ水化硬化过程。作者测α－ＴＣＰ具有较强的抗压、抗折强度。动物实验表明，α－ＴＣＰ具有良好的生物相容性，生物活性和骨诱导能力，可用于充填骨腔和固定人工关节。