经静脉治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘的效果

①目的观察经静脉栓塞、手术和压迫方法治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)的效果。②方法对6例DAVF首选经静脉方法治疗。3例位于上矢状窦区，手术夹闭引流静脉2例，部分栓塞1例；3例位于海绵窦区，单纯压迫眼静脉治疗1例，经静脉途径栓塞失败后压迫眼静脉治疗2例。③结果4例治愈，1例有效，1例无变化。④结论经静脉手术、栓塞上矢状窦区DAVF是一安全有效手段；经股静脉途径栓塞海绵窦区DAVF导管到位困难，而压迫眼引流静脉确实有效，可辅助治疗栓塞未愈病人。     

经静脉入路栓塞治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘

目的评估经静脉人路栓塞治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘(CCF)的方法.方法回顾性分析17例经静脉入路栓塞治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘患者,其中女性14例,男3例;Banow A型1例,B型1例,C型1例,D型14例.结果经岩下窦人路栓塞海绵窦9例,经眼静脉人路栓塞6例,经两种人路栓塞1例(双侧瘘).12例治疗后即刻造影显示海绵窦和瘘口完全闭塞;4例虽海绵窦闭塞,但仍残留少许岩下窦的引流(2例为眼静脉人路者)和翼丛引流(2例).1例面静脉-眼静脉人路,插管过程中面静脉痉挛,手术失败,患者在5 d后自发症状缓解,7 d后动脉造影显示CCF已自愈.结论经静脉入路栓塞颈动脉海绵窦瘘,特别是海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF),效果确实,操作风险小.     

海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘影像学表现与栓塞治疗

海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉畸形瘘（dural arterioveous fistula，DAVF）是指海绵窦区及其附近硬脑膜动静脉之间的异常交通，属脑血管畸形的一种，其临床表现、影像学表现及治疗均有其特点。本文报告13例DAVF病例的临床与影像学资料，并结合文献作一回顾性分析。     

多静脉途径介入栓塞海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘

目的探讨多静脉途径介入栓塞海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的方法、策略和疗效。方法27例海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者,分别经岩下窦、面静脉和眼上静脉等静脉途径介入栓塞治疗。结果23例临床治愈,4例症状明显缓解。术后即刻造影提示22例瘘口完全消失,5例虽将海绵窦致密填塞,但其中2例仍有少量翼丛引流,1例通过海绵间窦向对侧引流,2例存在少量岩上窦后引流,压颈1个月后消失。栓塞术后并发症主要表现为头痛和呕吐,3例出现轻度复视,后自行恢复;无1例出现永久性介入相关并发症。临床随访5个月～6年,患者无临床症状复发。结论多静脉途径介入栓塞是治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘安全、有效的方法。     

经动脉途径以低浓度氰基丙烯酸正丁酯栓塞硬脑膜动静脉瘘的疗效分析

目的 探讨经动脉途径以低浓度氰基丙烯酸正丁酯栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘的技术方法和疗效。方法 采用低浓度（10％～20％）氰基丙烯正丁酯（NBCA）经供血动脉对18例不同部位硬膜动静脉瘘患者进行栓塞治疗。18例患者中海绵窦区硬膜动静脉瘘12例，顶部硬膜动静脉瘘6例。该技术的关键操作方法是将低浓度NBCA注入静脉端使之闭塞并反流入其他供血动脉。结果 18例患者中17例在栓塞后达到解剖治愈，术后临床症状消失。另1例通过海绵窦区硬膜动静脉瘘栓塞后一度症状好转，2d后症状加重，复查造影发现静脉未完全闭塞，回流静脉发生改变，经压颈10d后症状明显好转。结论 经动脉途径以低浓度NBCA栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘对于有些病例是较好的选择，其特点是低廉、快捷，疗效满意。     

Onyx栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘的围术期护理

硬脑膜动静脉瘘（dural arteriovenous fistula,DAVF）是指动静脉直接交通在硬脑膜及其附属物（大脑镰和小脑幕）上的一类血管性疾病,也称为硬脑膜动静脉畸形[1],目前,约占颅内血管畸形病的10%~15%[2],以横窦、乙状窦、海绵窦及小脑幕多见。血管内治疗是DAVF的主要方法之一。     

眼上静脉入路Onyx联合弹簧圈填塞海绵窦治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘

海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘(dural arteriovenous fistula,DAVF)临床表现以眼部症状多见,表现为受累侧突眼、球结膜充血、视力下降和复视等症状,首选治疗方法为经静脉入路血管内介入.治疗的关键在于采用各种栓塞材料填塞海绵窦处的瘘口,以彻底消除病变.我们采用眶上内侧缘切开眼上静脉置管后,血管内填塞弹簧圈和液体栓塞剂Onyx,治愈l例海绵窦区DAVF患者,现报道如下.     

眼上静脉入路Onyx联合弹簧圈填塞海绵窦治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘

海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘(dural arteriovenous fistula,DAVF)临床表现以眼部症状多见,表现为受累侧突眼、球结膜充血、视力下降和复视等症状,首选治疗方法为经静脉入路血管内介入.治疗的关键在于采用各种栓塞材料填塞海绵窦处的瘘口,以彻底消除病变.我们采用眶上内侧缘切开眼上静脉置管后,血管内填塞弹簧圈和液体栓塞剂Onyx,治愈l例海绵窦区DAVF患者,现报道如下.     

颞叶桥静脉的解剖学研究

目的对颞叶桥静脉,特别是Labbé静脉进行神经解剖学研究,以避免术中对主要的颞叶桥静脉的损伤。方法使用福尔马林固定尸头标本8例,暴露颞叶侧面和底面,观察皮层静脉分布,检查颞叶桥静脉在小脑天幕表面汇入硬脑膜窦的位置,记录Labbé静脉在颞叶侧面的位置。结果桥静脉颅底的汇入点分布于横窦区(62.5%)、天幕窦区(25%)、岩上窦区(12.5%)。Labbé静脉主要位于颞后和颞中静脉分布区,12.5%位于颞前静脉分布区。结论颞叶静脉的引流方式多样,Labbé静脉存在前位引流,术中不要轻易切断颞底桥静脉。     

海绵窦的解剖研究进展

海绵窦是一对重要的硬脑膜窦,结构十分复杂。长期以来,学术界一直对海绵窦是静脉窦还是静脉丛、应称为鞍旁结构还是海绵窦等问题存在争议。近年来,随着显微技术的普遍应用及颅底外科的逐渐成熟,人们对海绵窦解剖结构的研究逐渐深入。该文就海绵窦的概念、海绵窦的壁与膜、海绵窦与脑神经的复杂位置关系、海绵窦与颈内动脉等相关问题予以综述。     

Tentorial dural arteriovenous fistula successfully treated with surgical interruption of leptomeningeal venous drainage: a case report

Tentorial dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is a rare disease, accounting for some 4% of all cases of intracranial DAVF. 1 Because of a high risk of intracranial hemorrhage, patients with DAVF need aggressive treatment. Despite recent advances in endovascular technology, many researchers advocate open surgery for the treatment of tentorial DAVF.     

Update of embolization of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula

Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are abnormal arteriovenous communications within the dura locating near a major venous sinus and are supplied by pachymeningeal arteries. DAVFs represent 10–15% of all intracranial arteriovenous malformations. The natural history and clinical manifestations are determined by location of the DAVFs and their angioarchitecture. Aggressive DAVF is usually associated with leptomeningeal venous drains or reflux. It may present with hemorrhagic or nonhemorrhagic stroke. The goal of embolization of DAVFs is total fistula occlusion without interfering with the normal dura–venous drains. Embolization can be performed by transarterial and/or transvenous routes or direct puncture of affected dural sinus. Selection of embolic materials depends on access route and angioarchitecture of the fistula. With the involution of endovascular devices, embolic materials, and high-quality angiography, endovascular embolization of DAVFs has been proved a safe and effective method of treating these complex cerebrovascular lesions.     

经静脉入路栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘27例临床分析

目的探讨经静脉途径栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)的疗效.方法经全脑血管造影(DSA)确诊硬脑膜动静脉瘘27例,其中海绵窦区18例,横窦、乙状窦9例,均经静脉途径予以栓塞治疗.结果本组27例中治愈22例,症状好转5例,无加重和死亡.随防2个月～8年,无复发及加重者.结论静脉入路栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘是一种安全、有效的方法.     

Transvenous embolization with a combination of detachable coils and Onyx for a complicated cavernous dural arteriovenous fistula

Background Treatment of cavernous dural arteriovenous fistulas （DAVF） is usually made by a transarterial approach. However, in many complicated patients, treatments via transarterial approaches can not be achieved, and only an operation via a transvenous approach is feasible. We aimed to study the feasibility of transarterial embolization of cavernous dural arteriovenous fistulas with a combination detachable coils and Onyx to embolize a complicated cavernous DAVF via a transvenous approach. Methods From August 2006 to August 2007, six cases of complicated cavernous DAVF were embolized with a combination of detachable coils and Onyx via a transvenous approach. Three cases were male and the other three were female. Their ages ranged from 36 to 69 years old. The fistula was in the right lateral cavernous sinus in one case, in the left lateral cavernous sinus in another, and in the bilateral cavernous sinus in 4 cases. One fistula was fed by the right internal carotid artery and its meningohypophyseal trunk; one was fed by the branches of the left internal carotid artery and left external carotid artery; four were fed by the branches of the bilateral internal carotid artery and/or the bilateral external carotid artery. One case was drained via one lateral inferior petrosal sinus; three were drained via bilateral inferior petrosal sinuses; one was drained via one lateral ophthalmic and facial veins; one was drained via the inferior petrosal sinus and the ophthalmic and facial veins. Four were embolized via the inferior petrosal sinus, and two were embolized via the ophthalmic and facial veins. Results Among six cases of complicated cavernous DAVF, four were fully embolized with Onyx by a single operation, and two cases were fully embolized with Onyx following two operations. Transient headache was found after operation in all patients, but was cured after several days by the symptomatic treatments. In one case, the first operation via the inferior petrosal sinus was a failure; the feeding branches of the external     

CT血管成像在头皮巨大动静脉畸形诊断中的应用

目的探讨CT血管造影（CTA）在头皮巨大动静脉畸形诊断中的应用价值。方法选择7例头皮巨大血管畸形患者,分析其影像资料,所有患者均经16层螺旋CT双能量同步扫描CTA技术确诊,平扫后再行CTA容积扫描的动静脉同期显示全脑血管成像。然后使用常规CTA和减影CTA的容积再现（VR）、最大密度投影（MIP）、多平面成像（MRP）后处理技术观察图像。结果 4例头皮巨大动静脉畸形,同时合并头皮-颅骨-脑膜动静脉瘘1例,合并动静脉瘘2例,CT平扫结果显示：头皮团块状软组织影增厚。增强扫描显示：蚯蚓状或条状迂曲强化的血管影,有粗大的供血动脉及引流静脉。两例还在窦汇区见颅骨内增多扭曲血管与窦汇相连,双侧小脑幕窦显示,直窦顶部与上矢状窦间见细小大脑镰状静脉影相连。一例出现左侧横窦微小变异。结论通过CTA重建,颅骨结构间的空间关系及动静脉畸形的3种组成部分的空间关系能够被充分显示,能够代替常规的DSA检查,在头皮动静脉畸形的筛查、诊断方面具有很高的诊断价值,值得推广。     

相位对比法磁共振血管造影在诊断颅内静脉窦病变中的应用

目的探讨磁共振血管造影(MRA)的相位对比法(PC)在颅内静脉窦病变的表现及诊断价值。方法颅内静脉窦病变52例,包括硬膜静脉窦血管畸形21例、硬膜动静脉瘘7例[其中6例为颈内动脉海绵窦瘘(CCF)]、静脉窦血检5例、脑膜瘤侵犯静脉窦19例。MR检查用Siemens公司1.5T扫描仪。扫描序列用PC和时间飞逝(TOF)两种方法。其中28例同时行DSA血管造影。结果PC显示21例硬膜静脉窦血管畸形的瘤巢、输入动脉、输出静脉及静脉窦均为高信号,但瘤巢信号不均匀。PC和TOF两种方法对其输入动脉显示率均为95.2%(20/21),而对输出静脉显示率90.5%(19/21)及76.2%(16/21)。6例CCF表现为患侧海绵窦扩张,眼上静脉增粗。4例横窦和1例上矢状窦的静脉窦血栓PC表现为窦内信号消失,MRI表现为静脉窦内高信号,还可伴有脑叶出血及水肿。19例脑膜瘤侵犯静脉窦,PC显示为静脉窦移位、狭窄及闭塞。结论MRAPC能很好地显示静脉窦结构及其病变。     

硬脑膜动静脉瘘的治疗

目的：探讨硬脑膜动静脉瘘的病因，分类及治疗。方法：26例均采用超选择插管栓塞，其4例同时行静脉入路静脉窦内栓塞，联合手术2例，X-刀治疗l例。结果：海绵窦区硬膜动静脉瘘者，17例瘘口完全消失，4例栓塞后瘘口有残留，结合颈动脉压迫法后2例瘘口消失。侧窦硬脑膜动静脉瘘者，瘘口完全消失3例，部分消失2例。结论：血管内栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘是目前最安全、有效的治疗方法。联合手术或放射治疗等，可大大提高硬脑膜动静脉瘘的临床治疗愈率。