绞股蓝总苷对谷氨酸诱导的胎鼠大脑皮层神经元氧化性损伤保护机制的研究

目的：探讨绞股蓝总苷（gypenosides,GP）对谷氨酸（glutamic acid,Glu）诱导的胎鼠大脑皮层神经元损伤的保护作用，并从信号通路角度探讨其作用机制。方法：以体外培养的13～14?d胎鼠大脑皮层神经元为研究对象，建立谷氨酸损伤和GP保护模型。采用MTT法测定细胞的存活率；荧光染料Ho33342和碘化丙碇（PI）荧光双染法鉴定细胞死亡方式；硝酸还原法测定细胞培养上清液中NO含量；生化法检测H2O2含量；流式细胞仪检测线粒体膜电位变化，分析GP对谷氨酸氧化性神经损伤的保护机制。结果：谷氨酸可导致神经细胞发生凋亡和坏死两种死亡方式；GP（200?μg/ml）可明显抑制谷氨酸引起的NO、H2O2含量的升高，有效地防止线粒体膜电位的下降，从而提高细胞存活率。结论：GP可明显拮抗谷氨酸介导的氧化性神经损伤，提高细胞的存活率，其机制可能与提高神经细胞内抗氧化酶活性，清除氧自由基对线粒体膜的损伤有关。     

绞谷蓝皂苷含药血清对谷氨酸氧化性神经损伤的保护作用

目的研究绞股蓝皂苷（gypenosides,GP)含药血清对谷氨酸(glutamic acid ,Glu)诱导的氧化性神经损伤的保护作用。方法采用中药血清药理学方法，收集GP含药血清，以体外培养的胎鼠大脑皮层神经元为研究对象，采用倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态；MTT法测定细胞存活率；Ho33342/PI荧光双染法鉴定细胞死亡方式；生化法检测细胞内超氧化物歧化酶（Super Oxide Dismutase，SOD）活性和谷胱甘肽（L-Glutathione，GSH）含量；流式细胞仪测细胞内游离Ca²⁺变化，综合评价GP含药血清对谷氨酸氧化性神经损伤的保护作用。结果谷氨酸可导致神经细胞发生凋亡和坏死；GP含药血清能明显拮抗谷氨酸的细胞损伤作用，提高细胞的存活率，维持细胞内较高GSH含量和SOD活性，抑制细胞内游离Ca²⁺浓度的升高。结论GP含药血清能明显拮抗Glu诱导的氧化性神经毒性，以400mg· kg^-1·d^-1GP灌胃含药血清作用最显著。     

绞股蓝总皂苷对谷氨酸所致大鼠海马组织损伤的保护作用

目的探讨绞股蓝总皂苷(gypenosides, GP)对大鼠侧脑室注射谷氨酸(glutamate, Glu)引起的海马组织氧化损伤的保护作用。方法将大鼠随机分为假手术组、Glu损伤组、GP低（200mg/kg）、中（400mg/kg）、高（800mg/kg）剂量组。GP组预先灌胃给药10d。大鼠经侧脑室注射Glu后2h取脑，测定各组大鼠海马组织匀浆中的丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px) 活性及产生羟自由基的能力;制备海马组织切片，观察各组形态学变化。结果Glu损伤组大鼠海马组织中MDA含量和羟自由基生成能力均高于假手术组(P＜0.05)，而SOD和GSH-Px活性降低(P＜0.05)；与Glu损伤组比较，GP组MDA含量和产生羟自由基的能力降低(P＜0.01)，SOD和GSH-PX活性明显增强(P＜0.01)；HE染色显示, GP组海马神经元变性及坏死较Glu损伤组明显减少。GP 400mg/kg对Glu所致海马组织氧化损伤的保护作用最为明显。结论GP通过增强抗氧化酶活性，抑制羟自由基和脂质过氧化物生成而减轻Glu介导的氧化性神经损伤，发挥神经保护作用。     

米帕明对谷氨酸损伤中枢神经细胞的保护作用

目的研究米帕明(Imi)对谷氨酸损伤培养大鼠皮层神经细胞的保护作用.方法分离培养15～18 d胎龄的大鼠神经细胞,加入谷氨酸(Glu),观察谷氨酸对神经细胞的损伤作用及米帕明的保护作用.结果加入谷氨酸后,神经细胞出现明显损伤性变化,死亡率升高,培养上清液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、一氧化氮(NO)含量增加,细胞匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)生成增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量明显减少.Imi能不同程度地减轻上述损伤性变化.结论 Imi对谷氨酸所致的神经细胞损伤具有保护作用,其作用机制可能与钙拮抗作用有关.     

雌激素及其受体对谷氨酸诱导神经细胞损伤的作用

谷氨酸(glutamate,Glu)的兴奋毒性已被证实对神经细胞具有损伤作用。研究发现Glu的兴奋毒性导致神经细胞损伤在多种神经系统疾病的发病过程中起着重要作用,而雌激素对Glu毒性导致的神经细胞损伤具有保护作用,该作用可能是通过雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)介导完成的。本文就雌激素及其受体对Glu诱导的神经细胞损伤的作用研究作一综述。     

神经毒性物质导致的培养神经元凋亡及维生素E的神经保护作用

目的:研究神经毒性物质β-淀粉样肽(β-AP)?N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)对原代培养鼠脑皮层神经细胞的致凋亡损伤和维生素E可能的神经保护作用?方法:通过形态学观察和MTT自动比色法检测存活细胞率;用DNA电泳和流式细胞技术分析细胞凋亡率;用免疫细胞化学技术分析细胞凋亡相关基因表达?结果:经β-AP?NMDA作用后,培养神经细胞出现明显的细胞凋亡特征:存活细胞减少,凋亡细胞数增多及特征性DNA断裂带,神经细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2表达下降?Bax表达上升(均P<0.05)?加维生素E组细胞则表现以上凋亡特征减弱?结论:神经毒性物质β-AP?NMDA可诱导培养神经细胞凋亡,细胞凋亡机制与氧化损伤相关,维生素E可减缓细胞凋亡?     

PI3K/Akt信号转导通路在绞股蓝皂苷拮抗谷氨酸诱导胎鼠大脑皮层神经元氧化性损伤中的作用

目的应用磷脂酰肌醇3位羟基激酶(PI3K)的特异性阻断剂LY294002,研究PI3K/Akt信号转导通路在绞股蓝皂苷(GPs)拮抗谷氨酸(Glu)诱导胎鼠大脑皮层神经元氧化性损伤中的作用。方法以体外原代培养的14～15d胎鼠大脑皮层神经元为研究对象,用相差显微镜进行形态学观察,MTT法检测神经元存活率,流式细胞仪检测神经元凋亡率,Western blot法检测磷酸化Akt和总Akt的表达,分析PI3K/Akt信号转导通路在GPs拮抗Glu诱导神经元氧化性损伤中的作用。结果 GPs可抑制Glu诱导的胎鼠大脑皮层神经元氧化性损伤,使神经元存活率上升,凋亡率降低,磷酸化Akt表达增加,PI3K的特异性抑制剂LY294002明显抑制了GPs对神经元的保护作用。结论绞股蓝皂苷激活了PI3K/Akt信号转导通路,拮抗谷氨酸诱导的胎鼠大脑皮层神经元氧化性损伤。     

抗抑郁药奥氮平对大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡和细胞周期的影响

目的：探讨抗抑郁药物奥氮平对谷氨酸（Glu）损伤的大鼠海马神经元凋亡、坏死和细胞周期的影响,阐明奥氮平神经保护作用的机制。方法：采用体外原代培养的大鼠海马神经元,复制Glu损伤模型,细胞分为正常对照组、Glu损伤组和奥氮平+Glu损伤组,在体外通过流式细胞术测定各组神经元细胞凋亡率、坏死率和细胞周期的改变。结果：与正常对照组比较,其他组细胞凋亡率增加 (P<0.01);与Glu损伤组比较,10.0 μmol/L奥氮平+Glu损伤组细胞凋亡率降低（P<0.01 )。与正常对照组比较,Glu损伤组神经元坏死率升高2.9倍 (P<0.05);与Glu损伤组比较,100.0和200.0 μmol/L奥氮平+Glu损伤组神经元坏死率降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与正常对照组比较,Glu损伤组G0/G1期细胞百分数增加 (P<0.01）,S期细胞百分数下降（P<0.01）,G2 + M期变化不明显;而与Glu损伤组比较,
50.0和100.0 μmol?L-1奥氮平+Glu损伤组G0/G1期细胞比例下降为Glu损伤组的79.9%和62.6% (P<0.05或P<0.01);S期细胞比例上升为Glu损伤组的2.5和3.8倍 (P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论：奥氮平能够抵抗Glu诱导的神经元凋亡和坏死,改变细胞周期进程。     

羟基红花黄色素Ａ抗谷氨酸氧化性神经损伤的保护作用

目的研究羟基红花黄色素A(HSYA)对谷氨酸(Glu)诱导的氧化性神经损伤的保护作用。方法以体外原代培养Wistar胎鼠大脑皮层神经元为实验材料，进行形态学观察，采用噻唑蓝（MTT）比色法、Hoechst33342/PI双荧光探针染色、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量检测、流式细胞仪分析细胞凋亡率以及免疫细胞化学法检测细胞色素C（CytC）荧光强度，综合评价HSYA对Glu氧化性神经损伤的保护作用。结果与Glu损伤组相比，HSYA能显著提高细胞相对存活率，维持细胞内较高SOD和GSH水平，降低Glu引起的细胞凋亡率及线粒体内CytC向胞质的释放，以160μg/mL浓度的 HSYA保护效果最为显著。结论HSYA对Glu氧化性神经损伤有显著的保护作用，其机制与抗氧化、抑制细胞凋亡有关。     

肌萎灵冻干粉对运动神经元的保护作用

目的观察肌萎灵冻干粉对大鼠脊髓损伤后的神经保护作用,并研究其对谷氨酸诱导的原代神经细胞凋亡的影响。方法以质量30 g静态压迫硬膜外脊髓10 min建立大鼠脊髓损伤模型,于术后第1天、7天、14天进行各实验组神经功能评价,并观察损伤处脊髓形态学改变;建立低浓度谷氨酸诱导原代神经细胞的兴奋性毒性损伤模型,MTT法检测细胞活力,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,Western检测Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达变化。结果 (1)肌萎灵冻干粉可明显提高脊髓损伤大鼠各时间段的BBB评分,改善后肢运动功能,减轻脊髓神经元水肿。(2)肌萎灵冻干粉可增强谷氨酸损伤后的神经细胞活力,缓解神经细胞损伤。(3)肌萎灵冻干粉能显著减少谷氨酸诱导的神经细胞凋亡。(4)肌萎灵冻干粉可不同程度的上调Bcl-2蛋白表达,下调Bax蛋白表达。结论肌萎灵冻干粉可促进脊髓损伤大鼠后肢运动功能恢复,增强神经细胞活力,抑制谷氨酸诱导的神经细胞凋亡,调节凋亡相关蛋白表达,具有一定的神经保护作用。     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Analysis of CK-19,PDX-1,Nestin,Ngn3 in different donor islet purity in rats

Objective: To investigate if there are the CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells in the donor islets of different purity in rats. Methods: Thirty male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Islets were isolated using digestion by ductal injection of collagenase. Group Ⅰ (n=10): Separating cell preparations were not purified, Group Ⅱ(n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% Ficoll400 ,Group Ⅲ (n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% and 11% Ficoll-400. The levels of protein of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin and Ngn3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and the mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 was amplified by RT-PCR. Results: After two different purification methods applied, three islet preparations of different purities were obtained. The difference of islet purity was significant among various groups (P＜0.05). Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the protein and mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin,Ngn3 were both higher in group Ⅰ; group Ⅲ was poorly expressed. Conclusions: The three different islet purity donor islet have different CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells within them, indicating that there are some islet stem cells in the purified donor islet.     

A preliminary screening study on the associated proteins in human psoriasis vulgaris by serum proteomics technologies

Objective：To investigate the optimum screening conditions of associated proteins in human psoriasis vulgaris by serum proteomics technique, and to screen the different expression proteins related with psoriasis vulgaris. Methods：Serum samples of peripheral blood were collected from newly diagnosed psoriasis vulgaris patients in the clinic, and 20 matched healthy persons. Serum albumin IgG was removed by filtering with ProteoExtract Albumin/IgG. After comparative proteomics analysis the different protein spots were identified using 2-DE and MS. Results ：Electrophoresis figures with high resolution and reproducibility were obtained. Three different expression proteins were found only in the serum from psoriasis vulgaris patients, while nine other different proteins expressing from healthy volunteers. Conclusion：The protein expression was different in the serum between the psoriasis vulgaris patients and healthy volunteers. It was hoped that we could find the biomarkers related to psoriasis vulgaris by using proteomics.     

A CASE OF HUGE GASTRIC DISOPYROBEZOAR

PYTOBEZOARS are common bezoars in gastrontestinal tract, commonly seen in stomach and mall intestine,1but huge disopyrobezoars are     

Acupuncture Treatment of Chest Bi Syndrome

CASE HISTORY A male,a retired officer of 61 years old,paid his first visit on May 12,2006.The patient stated that 2 weeks before he suddenly got paroxysmal precordial choking pain,with irregular attacks.Each attack would last several seconds to several minutes.The attack was accompanied with heavy oppressed sensation in the precordial region,palpitation,lassitude,and in severe cases,sweating,which was once diagnosed by a hospital as'coronary heart disease'.Recalling the case history,the patient said that several days before he got angry with others because of some affairs in work,and he was not so used to the life pattern since he had just retired from his busy working post.At usual times,he was quick tempered and peevish.In recent days,he had poor appetite,and loose stool.     

Instructions to Contributors

The English edition of Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine is edited and published by the Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Press.Original scientific papers of advanced clinical and experimental medicine in the field of complementary/alternative medicine or integrative medicine are expected.