经口感染弓形虫在小鼠组织内的动态分布

目的 观察经口感染弓形虫速殖子在小鼠小肠组织、实质器官内的动态分布.方法 BALB/c小鼠96只,随机分为8组,0d组用0.5ml PBS/只灌胃,其余组用RH株弓形虫速殖子1×104个灌胃感染,感染后2、4、6、8、10、12、14d处死小鼠,每次处死12只,取十二指肠、空肠、回肠、肝脏、脾、肾、肺、心和脑做组织印片,吉-瑞氏染色,镜检.结果 感染后2d 在十二指肠、空肠、回肠、肺和心,4d在脾,6d在肾和肝脏发现虫体,脑内未发现虫体.十二指肠、空肠、回肠组织内虫体数量呈上升趋势,第6天达高峰后稍有下降.肝内虫体数量呈上升趋势,第6天最多;脾内虫体数量在6d达峰值后保持较高水平;实验期间肾、肺和心内虫体数量保持较低水平.结论 弓形虫经口感染小鼠后2d,小肠组织出现大量速殖子;同时肺和心内有少量速殖子;4d在脾、6d在肾和肝脏发现虫体;速殖子在上述组织内增殖,并形成假包囊,脑内未发现虫体.     

经口感染弓形虫BALB/c小鼠血清及肠道分泌物中IgA抗体含量的检测

目的 研究经口感染弓形虫速殖子小鼠血清及肠道分泌物中IgA含量的变化,探讨肠道粘膜免疫应答机制。方法 将6～8周龄BALB/c小鼠100只随机分为对照组和感染组。感染组灌胃接种RH株弓形虫速殖子5×10~4个/只,对照组给予等量PBS。于感染后第2、4、6、8、10、13、16、19、22、25天,每组各5只小鼠分别处死,摘眼球采血分离血清,收集肠道冲洗液,用ELISA法测定血清及肠液IgA含量。结果 对照组血清IgA抗体于第4～8天缓慢升高后保持平稳;感染组小鼠血清IgA水平从第8天起迅速升高,第10天达到高峰,之后迅速下降并接近对照组的水平,第25天再度升高。与对照组相比,感染组血清IgA水平在第10、25天显著升高(P<0.01)。肠液IgA含量明显高于血清,两组小鼠肠道冲洗液中的IgA抗体于第4、6天逐渐升高之后,对照组保持平稳,而感染组于第8天骤然下降并低于升高前的水平,之后又迅速升高,于第13天达到峰值,随后下降并接近对照组水平;第8和13天感染组IgA抗体含量显著低于和高于(P<0.01)对照组。结论 BALB/c小鼠经口感染弓形虫,可有效诱导肠道粘膜的免疫应答,产生高水平的IgA抗体,发挥局部抗虫作用;提示IgA抗体产生变化规律与虫株毒力及小鼠免疫反应特性等因素有关。     

TSo联合IFN-γ鼻内免疫小鼠诱导的弓形虫IgA抗体特异性免疫应答

目的研究速殖子超声裂解物(TSo)和IFN-γ鼻内免疫小鼠经口感染弓形虫速殖子后,血清、小肠液和粪便IgA抗体分泌的动态变化。方法将6～7周龄BALB/c小鼠100只随机分为4组,每组25只,分别用10μl缓冲液PBS、20μgTSo、500UIFN-γ和20μgTSo 500UIFN-γ鼻内免疫小鼠。用RH株弓形虫速殖子4×104个/只灌胃攻击,分别于攻击后第7、10、13、16、19天处死小鼠,收集血清、小肠液及粪便,ELISA法测定IgA含量。结果各组血清IgA抗体水平在攻击后第10天达到峰值,TSo IFN-γ组血清IgA抗体含量高于其他各组。小肠液和粪便IgA抗体含量在攻击后第13天达到峰值,在实验期各时点TSo IFN-γ组小肠液和粪便IgA抗体含量高于其他组。小肠液与粪便IgA抗体水平呈正相关。结论TSo或IFN-γ或TSo联合IFN-γ鼻内免疫小鼠可诱导黏膜免疫,产生高水平的弓形虫特异性IgA抗体。TSo联合IFN-γ鼻内免疫优于单独免疫,免疫小鼠肠道产生大量SIgA,发挥抗虫作用。鼻黏膜免疫是一种安全有效的免疫接种途径。     

重组弓形虫SAG1蛋白免疫小鼠抗弓形虫攻击保护作用

目的 评价重组弓形虫表面抗原1(rTgSAG1)蛋白皮下免疫小鼠诱导的免疫应答及抗弓形虫攻击的保护作用. 方法 6周龄BALB/c小鼠60只,随机分为5组,分别以100 μl PBS、20 μg、40 μg、60 μg或80 μg rTgSAG1(溶于100 μl PBS)/只皮下注射免疫小鼠3次,间隔14 d.末次免疫后14 d,以RH株弓形虫速殖子1×104个/只灌胃攻击所有小鼠,每日观察小鼠健康状况.攻虫后第28天,处死小鼠.分离并计数肝和脑组织内速殖子,分离并计数脾淋巴细胞和小肠上皮内淋巴细胞(IEL),ELISA法检测血清IgG和小肠冲洗液IgA抗体水平. 结果攻虫后6-14 d,小鼠出现不同程度的被毛粗糙、采食饮水减少,PBS组存活率最低(33.3%),40 μg组最高(75%).40 μg组肝(79.60)和脑组织内荷虫数(16.88)低于PBS组(分别为94.43和19.48)(均P<0.05),脾淋巴细胞数(10.31)和IEL数(4.25)高于PBS组(6.24,1.64)(均P<0.01);40 μg组(P<0.01)、20 μg组和60 μg组(P<0.05)血清IgG抗体水平显著高于PBS组;各组肠液IgA抗体水平无明显变化. 结论 rTgSAG1蛋白皮下免疫小鼠能诱导产生抗弓形虫感染保护性免疫,40 μg为免疫的最适剂量.     

不同佐剂的复合黏膜疫苗鼻内免疫小鼠抗弓形虫感染的保护作用

目的比较IFN-γ和蜂胶作为佐剂鼻内免疫小鼠抗弓形虫攻击的能力,探索两种佐剂联合应用的效果。方法将5～6周龄雌性BALB/c小鼠60只随机分为4个组,每组15只,分别用20μg可溶性速殖子抗原(STAg)、20μgSTAg+40μg蜂胶、20μgSTAg+1000UIFN-γ或20μgSTAg+40μg蜂胶+1000UIFN-γ鼻内免疫小鼠2次,间隔14d。末次免疫后第10天,用RH株弓形虫速殖子4×104个/只灌胃攻击,逐日观察小鼠存活情况。攻击后第43天处死全部存活小鼠,计算胸腺、脾指数,计数脑、肝组织速殖子。结果STAg+IFN-γ组、STAg+蜂胶+IFN-γ组胸腺、脾指数显著高于STAg组(P<0.05);组织内速殖子虫荷显著降低(P<0.01),STAg+IFN-γ组小鼠脑、肝组织减虫率分别为57.00%和79.06%;STAg+蜂胶+IFN-γ组小鼠脑、肝减虫率分别为68.30%和79.06%。STAg+蜂胶组小鼠胸腺、脾指数有升高趋势,组织内速殖子虫荷降低,但与STAg组比较差异无统计学意义。结论在抗弓形虫感染中,IFN-γ、蜂胶+IFN-γ的佐剂效果优于蜂胶,IFN-γ、蜂胶+IFN-γ辅助...     

不同佐剂的弓形虫复合黏膜疫苗鼻内免疫小鼠诱导的黏膜免疫应答

目的比较IFN-γ、蜂胶佐剂以及两种佐剂混合鼻内免疫辅助可溶性速殖子抗原(STAg)增强机体黏膜免疫应答的水平,探讨两种佐剂联合应用的免疫效果。方法将5～6周龄雌性BALB/c小鼠60只随机分为4组(各15只):20μgSTAg,20μgSTAg 40μg蜂胶,20μgSTAg 1000UIFN-γ或20μgSTAg 40μg蜂胶 1000UIFN-,γ均溶于总体积为20lμ的PBS中,滴鼻免疫(10lμ/鼻孔),免疫2次,间隔14d。末次免疫后第10天用RH株弓形虫速殖子4×104个/只灌胃攻击。攻击后第43天处死全部存活小鼠,比较各组小鼠肠黏膜小肠上皮内淋巴细胞(IEL)、PP结T淋巴细胞数;检测小鼠粪便、鼻咽冲洗液、肺冲洗液、阴道冲洗液中弓形虫特异性sIgA含量。结果各佐剂组小鼠IEL、PP结T淋巴细胞数显著高于STAg组,黏膜sIgA含量显著高于STAg组;蜂胶 IFN-γ联合组小鼠黏膜免疫应答水平高于单独佐剂组,其中显著高于蜂胶组(P<0.05)。结论IFN-γ作为弓形虫黏膜疫苗佐剂的效应优于蜂胶,IFN-γ 蜂胶作为复合黏膜佐剂鼻内免疫效果优于两者单独应用。     

STAg和霍乱毒素不同程序滴鼻免疫小鼠诱导抗弓形虫作用

目的观察弓形虫可溶性速殖子抗原(soluble tachyzoite antigen,STAg)和霍乱毒素(cholera toxin,CT)佐剂不同程序滴鼻免疫小鼠诱导的抗弓形虫感染能力,确定STAg和CT滴鼻免疫的最佳程序。方法BALB/c小鼠随机分为3组:1次、2次和3次免疫组,用20 μg STAg 1 μg CT/只分别滴鼻免疫1次,2次或3次,前2次间隔2周,末次间隔1周。末次免疫后第14天,用4×104个速殖子/只灌胃攻击所有小鼠,观察小鼠健康及死亡情况,攻击后第30天处死,ELISA法检测血清IgG和粪便IgA,计数肝、脑组织内弓形虫速殖子,分离并计数派伊尔结(Peyer′spatches,PP)和脾淋巴细胞数。结果2次和3次免疫组小鼠存活率明显高于1次免疫组(P<0.05),肝、脑组织内虫荷显著低于1次免疫组(P<0.001),血清IgG和粪便IgA高于1次免疫组,PP和脾淋巴细胞数无显著性变化。结论STAg和CT佐剂滴鼻免疫2次或3次能有效诱导小鼠抗弓形虫感染。     

经口感染弓形虫垂直传播小鼠模型的建立

目的建立经口感染弓形虫RH株速殖子垂直传播小鼠模型。方法将54只妊娠0天的BALB/c孕鼠随机分为6组,于妊娠第8天,分别用0,1000,2000,4000,8000,16000个弓形虫速殖子灌胃感染,妊娠第18天处死,记录活胎率,测定母鼠肝、胎盘和胎仔脑组织弓形虫抗原。结果经ELISA检测弓形虫循环抗原证实,孕鼠死亡率与胎盘和胚胎感染率均随感染剂量的增加而升高,而活胎率下降。1000,2000组的胎盘、胚胎未发生感染,4000组的胚胎感染率5.13%,16000组的胚胎感染率20.00%,但孕鼠的健康状况差、死亡率高,均不适宜建立弓形虫垂直传播动物模型。综合分析表明,8000组孕鼠既有较高的存活率,又可保证胎盘和胚胎较高的感染率。结论每只孕鼠灌胃感染8000个速殖子为建立弓形虫垂直传播小鼠模型的适宜剂量。     

经口感染弓形虫对小鼠免疫器官的影响

目的　研究经口感染弓形虫对小鼠免疫器官的影响。方法　两组小鼠分别灌胃接种含 5× 10 4个速殖子的液体 0 .5ml或相同剂量的PBS ,观察小鼠的体况、胸腺、脾、Peyer’spatches(PP结 )的变化。 结果　经口接种弓形虫速殖子可致小鼠感染 ,在第 8,10天表现最为严重。胸腺重量略有减轻 ;PP结肿大 ,但数目变化不显著 ;脾脏增重 ,尤其在第 8,10天与对照组相比差异显著 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　 5× 10 4个弓形虫速殖子灌胃接种可使小鼠出现一过性临床症状 ,并可以诱导机体黏膜和系统免疫应答 ,使免疫器官发生病理改变。     

鼠巨噬细胞培养弓形虫RH株速殖子的实验研究

目的用鼠巨噬细胞培养弓形虫RH株速殖子及观察弓形虫速殖子入侵鼠巨噬细胞及在其内繁殖的过程.方法按培养传代细胞的常规方法培养鼠巨噬细胞,将鼠巨噬细胞接种到盖玻片上,用弓形虫RH株速殖子感染巨噬细胞,每隔1.5小时取出盖玻片,经吉氏染色、二甲苯透明后,镜下观察摄片.结果弓形虫速殖子大多在感染后0.5 ～1小时侵入巨噬细胞,10小时后,假包囊形成,20小时后,假包囊破裂,在室温条件下,速殖子可在巨噬细胞中存活20天.结论鼠巨噬细胞可代替小鼠用于弓形虫病的诊断及保种.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…