Prevalence of maturity-onset diabetes of the young in phenotypic type 2 diabetes in young adults: a nationwide,multi-center,cross-sectional survey in China

Background: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is the most common monogenic diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of MODY in phenotypic type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among Chinese young adults.Methods: From April 2015 to October 2017, this cross-sectional study involved 2429 consecutive patients from 46 hospitals in China, newly diagnosed between 15 years and 45 years, with T2DM phenotype and negative for standardized glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody at the core labo...     

Mutation of P53 tumor suppressor gene in colorectal cancer and its relationship with histologic grade and Dukes＇ stage

目的:探讨大肠癌组织类型、临床分期与P53基因突变的相关关系.方法:采用PCR-SSCP方法对30例大肠癌P53基因突变状况进行了检测.结果:发现6例(20%)P53基因突变,其中,1例在第4外显子,5例在第5外显子,第2,3外显子末检出突变.在不同组织分化程度中,P53基因突变率分别为高分化腺癌和中分化腺癌均为1/8(12.5%),低分化腺癌为3/10(30.0%),未分化腺癌为1/4(25.0%).在临床分期中,Dukes＇B期为1/10(10.0%),C期为2/12(16.7%),D组为3/8(37.5%).结论:P53基因突变与Dukes＇分期有关,并且P53基因突变很少发生第2,3外显子.     

Comparison of the survival outcomes between primary and secondary muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a propensity score-matched study

Background: Studies have classified muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) into primary (initially muscle-invasive, PMIBC) and secondary subtypes (initially non-muscle-invasive but progresses, SMIBC), for which controversial survival outcomes were demonstrated. This study aimed to compare the survival outcomes between PMIBC and SMIBC patients in China.Methods: Patients diagnosed with PMIBC or SMIBC at West China Hospital from January 2009 to June 2019 were retrospectively included. Kruskal-Wallis...     

Successful resection of enterovesical fistula in a patient with sigmoid colonic malignancy

Enterovesicalfistulaisararecomplicationofavarietyofinflammatoryandneoplasticdiseases Earlydiagnosisofenterovesicalfistulaisdifficultanditsmanagementiscomplicated Inthispaper,wedescribeanunusualcaseofenterovesicalfistulasecondarytosigmoidcolonicmalignancy CASEREPORTA 65 year oldmanwasadmittedtoourhospitalwithcomplaintsofburning ,frequencyandurgencyonurinationassociatedwith pneumaturiaandfecaluriafor 2weeksdespiteantibiotictherapy Hehadhadnobowelmovementsfor 1week ,duringwhichheexperiencedn…     

Are Partin tables suitable for Chinese patients with prostate cancer?

Background  Recently, the number of patients with prostate cancer who needed to be treated with radical prostatectomy increased rapidly in China. There is still a difference between clinical staging and the post-operative final pathologic staging; hence, an excellent tool for accurately predicting the pathologic stages of prostate cancer is needed urgently in clinical practice. The Partin tables are the most popular and widely used tool for predicting the pathologic stages of prostate cancer because of its high accuracy and ease of implementation. The aim of this study was to externally validate the accuracy of the three versions of the Partin tables in predicting the post-operative pathologic stages in Chinese patients with prostate cancer.

Methods  We retrospectively analyzed the data from 203 patients with prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomies between June 2000 and May 2012. The accuracies of the three versions of the Partin tables in predicting the post-operative pathologic stages in Chinese patients with prostate cancer were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results  Using the 1997, 2001, and 2007 Partin tables for predicting the current cases, the AUC of organ confinement (OC) was 0.877, 0.788, and 0.726; the AUC of extracapsular extension (ECE) was 0.525, 0.615, and 0.608; the AUC of seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) was 0.875, 0.649, and 0.820; and the AUC of pelvic lymph node invasion (LNI) was 0.808, 0.758, and 0.735 respectively.

Conclusions  The accuracies of the three versions of Partin tables in predicting OC, SVI, and LNI were good, especially the 2001 Partin table for SVI. In contrast, the accuracy of the three versions of the Partin tables in predicting ECE was fair. The 1997 Partin table was much better than the 2007 table in predicting OC, and the 2001 table in predicting SVI. The 2007 Partin table did not show any advantages.

     

Does endoscopy diagnose early gastrointestinal cancer in patients with uncomplicated dyspepsia?

Background

Recent guidelines from NICE have proposed that open access gastroscopy is largely limited to patients with “alarm” symptoms.

Aims and methods

This study reviewed the outcome of all our patients with verified oesophageal or gastric carcinoma who presented with uncomplicated dyspepsia to see if endoscopic investigation is warranted in this group. All patients with histologically verified upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers who presented over a period from 1998 to 2002 were identified. Their presenting symptoms, treatment, and outcome were analysed.

Results

228 upper GI cancers (119 oesophageal, 109 gastric; mean age 72 years (29–99 years); 130 male, 82 female) were identified in 11 145 endoscopies performed. Only 14 patients (6.2%) presented without alarm symptoms; three patients were under 55 years of age and all had gastric carcinoma—one of these had chronic diarrhoea only. Eleven had dyspepsia or reflux symptoms only, and two were under surveillance for Barrett''s oesophagus. Only five patients had a curative surgical resection and are still alive two—six years from diagnosis. A sixth patient had a curative operation but died of a cerebrovascular accident one year later. The remaining eight patients unfortunately had either metastatic disease or comorbidity, which precluded surgery. All of these died within two years of diagnosis, mean survival 10 months.

Conclusion

Only five patients with dyspepsia and no alarm symptoms had resectable upper GI malignancies over a four year period. Limiting open access gastroscopy to those with alarm features only would “miss” a small number of patients who have curable upper GI malignancy.     

Overexpression of the promyelocytic leukemia gene suppresses growth of human bladder cancer cells by inducing Gl cell cycle arrest and apoptosis

Objectives To examine the anti-oncogenic effects of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) on bladder cancer and to explore its molecular mechanisms of growth suppression.Methods Wild-type PML was transfected into bladder cancer cells (5637 cell) and expressed in a replication-deficient adenovirus-mediated gene delivery system and introduced into human bladder cancer cells (5637 cell) in vitro and in vivo. The effect and mechanisms of the PML gene in cell growth, clonogenicity, and tumorigenicity of bladder cancer cells were studied using in vitro and in vivo growth assays, soft agar colony-forming assay, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis assay and in vivo tumorigenicity assay.Results Overexpression of PML in 5637 cells significantly reduced their growth rate and clonogenicity on soft agar. PML suppressed bladder cancer cell growth by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Adenovirus-mediated PML ( Ad-PML) significantly suppressed the tumorigenicity and growth of bladder cancer cells. Intratumoral injection of     

Risk of second primary lung cancer in patients with thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis based on big population studies

Background: Previous studies have revealed that the number of cancer survivors developing a second primary malignancy is increasing, especially among thyroid cancer patients, and lung cancer is still the main cause of cancer death. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the risk of second primary lung cancer (SPLC) in patients with thyroid cancer.Methods: We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases up to November 24, 2021, for relevant research and merged the standardized in...     

Prostate cancer in young adults—Seventeen-year clinical experience of a single center

Background

In the general population, prostate adenocarcinoma affects predominately older men. If fact, most current guidelines suggest that males over the age of 50 years should undergo prostate cancer screening. However, the clinical behavior and prognosis of prostate cancer in young adults is not well defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical behavior, pathological characteristics, and prognosis of prostate cancer in young adults.

Clinicopathological patterns and survival outcomes of colorectal cancer among young adults in Malaysia: an institutional cohort study

INTRODUCTIONThis study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological patterns and survival outcomes of patients with young-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) in Malaysia.METHODSA total of 206 patients with young-onset CRC (age < 50 years at diagnosis) and 1,715 patients with late-onset CRC (age ≥ 50 years at diagnosis) diagnosed during 2002–2016 were included. The clinicopathological characteristics of patients with young-onset CRC were compared with those of patients with late-onset CRC during 2009–2013. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to determine the overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in these patients.RESULTSThe overall proportion of young-onset CRC was 10.7%. The mean age for young-onset CRC was 39.5 ± 7.4 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1. There were more Malay patients with young-onset CRC than late-onset CRC (44.0% vs. 19.9%, p = 0.004). Most CRCs were diagnosed at an advanced stage in both groups. However, young-onset CRC showed more aggressive tumour characteristics, such as poorer differentiation and mucinous subtype. Despite such differences, the OS and DSS in both groups were similar (five-year OS for young-onset CRC vs. late-onset CRC: 44.2% vs. 49.0%, p = 0.40; five-year DSS for young-onset CRC vs. late-onset CRC: 48.8% vs. 57.6%, p = 0.53; mean survival of young-onset CRC vs. late-onset CRC: 4.9 years vs. 5.4 years, p = 0.15). Advanced stage at diagnosis and the treatment modality used were independent prognostic factors.CONCLUSIONThe unique ethnic and histological differences between patients with young- and late-onset CRC suggest that young-onset CRC may represent a distinct entity. However, despite such differences, both groups were equivalent.     

Pattern of cancers in adolescent and young adults.: A 15-year retrospective study at King Fahad Hospital,Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah,Saudi Arabia

Objectives:To evaluate the incidence and pattern of cancer in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) age group in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah region of Saudi Arabia.Methods:This retrospective histopathology-based study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia and comprised cases of cancers for 15 years between January 2006 and December 2020.Results:During the last 15-year period, 8,769 cases of cancers were diagnosed out of which 475 (5.4%) cases were registered in AYAs. Of these cases, 232 (48.8%) were males while 243 (51.2%) were females, with a male-to-female ratio of 0.9:1. The 3 most common cancer groups in the entire cohort were carcinomas (n=165; 34.7%), lymphomas (n=135; 28.4%), and leukemias (n=91; 19.2%). The most common sites in carcinomas were thyroid (n=60; 12.6%), breast (n=35; 7.4%), and gastrointestinal (n=18; 3.8%). The leading cancers in males were the lymphomas (n=74; 15.6%), leukemias (n=57; 12%), bone (n=21; 4.4%), and central nervous system (n=20; 4.2%), while in females, the most common cancers were the lymphomas (n=61; 12.8%), thyroid (n=40; 8.4%), breast (n=34; 7.2%), and leukemias (n=34; 7.2%).Conclusion:Our findings are in concordance with studies in national and international literature and we believe that our study provides a baseline tool for future population-targeted studies.     

青年乳腺癌132例临床及病理分析

目的：探讨青年乳腺癌的临床及病理特点。方法：分析了1984年1月至1999年3月收治的35岁以下青年乳腺癌病人的临床资料。结果：132例中，病程最短者为3日，最长者为120月，其中1个月以内者28例，3个月以内者27例，6个月内者28例，12个月内者29例，24个月内者11例，24个月以上者9例，病程1年以内者占85．0％，平均10．1月；病期0期4例，Ⅰ期17例，Ⅱ期74例，Ⅲ期32例，Ⅳ期5例；病理分型以浸润性癌为主，占96．2％，其中浸润性导管癌为31．1％，单纯癌为56．8％，69例有腋下淋巴结转移，占52．3％，有8例为妊娠、哺乳期患者；132例全部行手术治疗，获随访107例，术后3年生存率为86．6％，5年生存率为77．3％。结论：青年乳腺癌病程较长，浸润性癌为主，淋巴转移率高以及合并妊娠、哺乳、肿瘤分期晚，预后不良是其特点。     

谷胱甘肽转移酶-π在膀胱癌中的表达及临床意义

目的研究谷胱甘肽转移酶-π（glutathiones transferases-π,GST-π）在膀胱癌组织中的表达及临床意义。方法用免疫组织化学方法研究147例膀胱癌组织中GST-π的表达情况。结果 GST-π的表达率为52.4%（77/147）,在G1级68例中表达率为39.7%（27/68）;在G2级49例中表达率为57.1%（28/49）;在G3级30例中表达率为73.3%（22/30）;117例初发膀胱癌中阳性表达率57.3%（67/117）;30例羟喜树碱膀胱内灌注化疗失败的复发膀胱癌中表达率96.7%（29/30）。结论 GST-π的表达水平与膀胱癌的病理分级和恶性度成正相关。     

Reassessment of the predictive role of perivesical fat invasion in invasive bladder cancer prognosis in 151 Chinese patients

Background  Perivesical fat invasion is considered as an important prognostic factor for bladder cancer. However, the predictive role of perivesical fat invasion in invasive bladder cancer prognosis has never been reported in Chinese patients. The aim of the study was to assess the predictive value of perivesical fat invasion for prognoses of T2 and T3 bladder cancer in Chinese patients.

Methods  One hundred and fifty-one patients who underwent radical cystectomy for pT2-3N0M0 invasive bladder cancer from 2001 to 2007 were studied. Cancer-specific survival rate (CSS) and recurrence-free survival rate (RFS) were compared between the pT2 and pT3 patient groups. Other clinicopathological parameters were also retrospectively analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses to identify the independent predictor for the prognoses of this cohort.

Results  Average patient age at surgery was 58 years. Ninety (60.3%) patients had grade I and II disease. During follow-up (median 66 months), 27 patients (17.9%) had tumor recurrence and 18 (11.9%) died of bladder cancer. In the univariate analysis, the CSS and RFS curves between T2 and T3 patients showed no significant difference (P=0.756 and 0.354, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression showed that histological classification and grade were independent predictors for CSS, while grade was the sole independent predictor for RFS.

Conclusions  For this group of Chinese patients, perivesical fat invasion did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in prognosis between T2 and T3 patients. Nontransitional cell carcinoma (non-TCC) and high-grade patients had short CSS, and patients with high-grade tumor had higher recurrent risk.

     

炎症反应标志物与膀胱癌预后关系的研究进展

]膀胱癌在手术后仍有较高的复发率。膀胱癌相关的多种炎症反应标志物可预测其发生、发展和预后。本文就中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值、血小板/淋巴细胞比值、全身免疫炎症指数、预后营养指数、白蛋白/球蛋白比值与膀胱癌的关系研究做一综述。     

氨基酸转运蛋白家族成员在膀胱癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨氨基酸转运蛋白家族成员在膀胱癌中的表达及意义。方法 免疫组织化学法检测93 例膀胱癌患者癌标本中L 型氨基酸转运载体1（LAT1）、系统ASC 氨基酸转运蛋白2（ASCT2）、胱氨酸/ 谷氨酸转运体功能亚基（xCT）、Ki-67 和CD34 的表达。结果 LAT1、ASCT2 和xCT 的阳性表达率分别为55.9%（52/93）、77.4%（72/93）和65.6%（61/93）。ASCT2 的阳性表达与LAT1、Ki-67 相关。单因素分析表明,ASCT2 表达、疾病分期与总生存期关系密切。而肿瘤直径、疾病分期与无病生存期关系密切。多元回归分析证实,ASCT2 表达是膀胱癌患者术后预后差的独立预测因子。结论 ASCT2 能够作为膀胱癌患者的预后判断指标。     

SPARC表达水平与乳腺癌的发生、发展、侵袭和转移的关系

目的:分析SPARC表达水平与乳腺癌的发生、发展、侵袭和转移的关系.方法:以2007年6月~2014年3月在我院接受乳腺手术治疗的137例女性为观察对象,根据其检查结果,乳腺癌者65例,乳腺良性病变者72例.观察两组乳腺SPARC表达水平,比较不同临床病理特征的乳腺癌患者SPARC表达情况的差异,分析SPARC表达水平与患者预后的关系.结果:两组患者的SPARC表达情况存在显著差异:SPARC阳性表达率由高到低分别为乳腺癌组、良性病变组,差异具有统计学意义;分化程度低、出现淋巴结转移、浸润深度为T3+T4、TNM分期为Ⅲ+Ⅳ期的乳腺癌患者其SPARC阳性表达率较高,而不同年龄、月经状况的乳腺癌患者SPARC阳性表达率无明显差别;恶化组SPARC阳性表达率明显高于好转组,差异具有统计学意义.结论:SPARC表达水平与乳腺癌的发生、发展、侵袭和转移均密切相关,且预后越差的乳腺癌患者SPARC阳性表达率越高.     

胃癌组织中神经内分泌标记的表达及其与临床病理的关系

目的:探讨神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、突触素(Syn)、嗜铬素A(CgA)与胃癌临床病理和预后的关系.方法:对168例普通型胃癌病例随访5 a以上,用免疫组织化学二步法对胃癌组织分别进行NSE、Syn、CgA标记,分析NSE、Syn、CgA的表达与临床病理参数包括胃癌分化程度、浸润深度、脉管内癌栓、临床TNM分期、淋巴细胞浸润量等的关系,绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线.结果:168例神经内分泌表达阳性率为52.98%(89/168),NSE表达与胃癌分化程度有关(P＜0.05),CgA表达与胃癌临床分期有关(P＜0.05),神经内分泌表达与其余参数无关;NSE、Syn、CgA标记阴性组的5 a生存率表现出高于标记阳性组的趋势,其中以CgA最为明显,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:NSE、Syn、CgA与胃癌术后生存率无明显关系.