从精神疾病脑非对称性变异论中医气机升降理论(二)

脑偏侧化加速了人类进化,但这种因环境压力所致基因突变的结果,也增加了人类对各种精神疾病的易感性,某些神经、精神疾病患者的非右利手率较正常右利手人群高。近年来的许多研究表明,大脑半球功能偏侧化的变异可能是精神疾病发病的重要环节之一。抑郁发作时大脑半球活化平衡向右脑倾斜,偏执型精神分裂症这一平衡则向左脑过度倾斜,并与躁狂、冲动、暴力和反社会性人格障碍有关,而广泛性焦虑和创伤后应激障碍等则右半球过度活化,精神疾病脑偏侧化变异同时也改变了与情绪、语言信息处理和视-听注意偏向的半球优势特征。精神疾病半球非对称性假说与中医气机升降理论不谋而合,中医认为人体气机运动为左升右降、肝升肺降,气机升降逆乱导致各种病证的发生。本文拟从太极、阴阳、六气、八卦和五行学说,论述"气机升降"中医理论与人体功能偏侧化理论的同一性及其科学性,为揭示中医"气机升降"理论探索新的研究途径。     

从精神疾病脑非对称性变异论中医气机升降理论(四)

基于精神疾病脑功能非对称性假说,采用重复经颅磁刺激(r TMS)或经颅直流电刺激(t DCS)提高左半球活跃性和/或抑制右半球活跃性可治疗抑郁症;同样,通过r TMS抑制右半球活跃性可治疗焦虑障碍;反之,通过r TMS抑制抑郁症左半球活跃性则加重抑郁症状,通过r TMS兴奋焦虑障碍患者右半球活跃性则加重焦虑症状。r TMS和t DCS在改变半球活跃性的同时,也可改变与之相关的视-听注意偏向。针刺治疗抑郁症可发挥类似r TMS和t DCS的生物学效应,并且左、右单侧肢体经穴针刺增高或降低同侧半球运动皮层兴奋性的效应与人体气机左升右降方向一致,因此,无论在理论上还是和实践上,脑功能非对称性假说与中医气机升降理论不谋而合。     

墨西哥初级汉语习得者普通话上声感知的脑偏侧化

目的:观察学习汉语语音20 h的墨西哥汉语习得者普通话上声识别的脑偏侧化情况,讨论声调的言语信息量与脑偏侧化的关系.方法:用非随机任意抽样法抽取15名(男8名,女7名)以西班牙语为母语的墨西哥汉语习得者作为研究对象,年龄20～32(中位年龄24)岁.习得者学习汉语语音20 h后,用普通话的上声元音音节作为实验材料,用双耳分听技术对其进行普通话上声识别测试,分别计算正确反应时间和错误率.结果:学习汉语普通话语音20 h的墨西哥汉语习得者上声双耳识别的反应时间和错误率经Wilcoxon检测显示:左右耳(大脑左右半球)反应时间的差别无统计学意义(Z=-0.341,P=0.733);左耳(大脑右半球)的错误率显著低于右耳(大脑左半球)(Z=-2.091,P=0.036).结论:墨西哥汉语习得者的声调感知的脑偏侧化与声调所表示的言语信息量有关,墨西哥汉语习得者的声调音义范畴的建立是逐步建立起来的.     

从精神疾病脑非对称性变异论中医气机升降理论(三)

中医理论认为,"脑为元神之府",头为"诸阳之会",脑是精髓汇聚和神明生发之处,府精神明有赖于气机推动、经络调畅、脏腑做功、精血生养、升清降浊。情志为狭义之"神明",喜、怒、思(忧)、悲、恐(惊)七种情志活动,分属五行于心、肝、脾、肺、肾。"思"是认知过程,位于其余情绪之中央和归宿。情志与气机升降关系最为密切,喜、怒、惊主动为阳,气机升发外散;悲、忧、恐、思主静属阴,气机内收下沉。现代脑科学研究发现,人类在接受正性和负性情绪信息时左、右半球发生非对称性激活,其激活程度与情绪强度有关。情感性精神障碍和精神分裂症患者左、右半球激活程度的非对称性则发生过度、降低或反转的异常变化。中医"思(脾土)中心"论和"阴阳喜怒"学说与现代心理学认知与情绪的关系、情绪两极性等观点不谋而合。本文基于情志理论、气机升降理论、现代情绪心理学和脑研究成果,论述"情志—气机升降—半球间功能偏侧化"在精神疾病发病机理中的相关性,以扩大中、西医在精神病学领域的共识。     

握中央而运四旁治疗脏腑气机紊乱杂病

通过临床和理论文献研究,分析中医名家对脏腑气机紊乱杂病的治疗思路、用药特点及临床疗效。认为脏腑气机紊乱杂病的治疗,应采用"握中央而运四旁"的方法,即从调理脾胃中气入手,灵活运用左升肝脾,右降肺胃,上下交通心肾的方法调理脏腑气机,再观其脉证,知犯何逆,随证治之,使脏腑气机恢复升降有序的正常状态。     

论脾胃生理病理特点

<正> 脾胃生理特性与功能脾为脏属阴,胃为腑属阳。以气机升降而言,脾气主升而胃气主降。根据阴阳二气性质,阳气主升阴气主降,但脾胃之气升降与此相反。因为人体脏腑之气属阴者主升,属阳者主降,阴阳之气相互交感,才能发挥其生理功能,故脾气主升而胃气主降。从功能而论,胃主受纳水谷,纳则贵下行故胃     

中医对人体脏腑的认识 (之十) 漫谈五脏之间的关系 (二)

6.肺与肝肺主气,司呼吸,肝藏血司疏泄;肺主肃降,肝主升发。以上是两脏各自的主要生理功能及生理活动的特点。而两脏在生理上的联系,主要体现在人体气机升降的调节方面。“气机”,即气的活动,或者说是泛指功能活动。肝气的活动以升发为常,肺气的活动以肃降为顺。升降协调,相互为用,是人体气机调畅,气血调和的一个重要环节。中医有“左肝右肺之说,认为“肝生于左,肺藏于右”。这里左右并非指肝、肺的解剖位置,而是用来代表两脏气机的活动特点,也即“升者左行,降者右行”。因为,从阴阳学说的观点而言,气的运动是上升、下降地循环周流的。上升属…     

基于“魄门亦为五脏使”探讨五脏气机升降与魄门的关系

"魄门亦为五脏使"语出《黄帝内经》。脏腑气机中的肝升肺降,脾升胃降,心肾相交三对气机的升降,调节着全身的气机协调平衡,也直接影响魄门的功能。魄门的正常启闭,糟粕的传导又关系到五脏气机的升降,影响五脏的功能状态。     

淤胆型肝炎中医病因病机及治法探讨

淤胆型肝炎占黄疸型肝炎的2％-8％,西医西药在治疗本病时仍有一定的局限性。中医治疗本病时疗效显著。然而中医在理法方药方面冗繁多杂,故探讨淤胆型肝炎的中医病因病机及治法是必要的。脾胃气机升降失常是淤胆型肝炎的主要病机,故升脾降胃法可调理全身气机升降,进而调理肝胆气机升降,加速淤胆型肝炎的恢复。     

临证治疗脾胃病心得

脾胃居于人体中焦,为后天之本,仓廪之官,气血生化之源,人体的五脏六腑,四肢百骸均赖脾胃所化生水谷精微的滋养;脾胃亦为人体气机升降斡旋的枢纽,居于中土之位,左为心肝,右为肺肾,脾升胃降,协调着其他各脏气机的升降,在脾胃的气机升降协调下,肝得疏泄,肺得宣降,心火肾水得以既济相交。如此,脾胃安则五脏健,五脏健则机体无恙。     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Analysis of CK-19,PDX-1,Nestin,Ngn3 in different donor islet purity in rats

Objective: To investigate if there are the CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells in the donor islets of different purity in rats. Methods: Thirty male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Islets were isolated using digestion by ductal injection of collagenase. Group Ⅰ (n=10): Separating cell preparations were not purified, Group Ⅱ(n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% Ficoll400 ,Group Ⅲ (n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% and 11% Ficoll-400. The levels of protein of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin and Ngn3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and the mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 was amplified by RT-PCR. Results: After two different purification methods applied, three islet preparations of different purities were obtained. The difference of islet purity was significant among various groups (P＜0.05). Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the protein and mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin,Ngn3 were both higher in group Ⅰ; group Ⅲ was poorly expressed. Conclusions: The three different islet purity donor islet have different CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells within them, indicating that there are some islet stem cells in the purified donor islet.     

A preliminary screening study on the associated proteins in human psoriasis vulgaris by serum proteomics technologies

Objective：To investigate the optimum screening conditions of associated proteins in human psoriasis vulgaris by serum proteomics technique, and to screen the different expression proteins related with psoriasis vulgaris. Methods：Serum samples of peripheral blood were collected from newly diagnosed psoriasis vulgaris patients in the clinic, and 20 matched healthy persons. Serum albumin IgG was removed by filtering with ProteoExtract Albumin/IgG. After comparative proteomics analysis the different protein spots were identified using 2-DE and MS. Results ：Electrophoresis figures with high resolution and reproducibility were obtained. Three different expression proteins were found only in the serum from psoriasis vulgaris patients, while nine other different proteins expressing from healthy volunteers. Conclusion：The protein expression was different in the serum between the psoriasis vulgaris patients and healthy volunteers. It was hoped that we could find the biomarkers related to psoriasis vulgaris by using proteomics.     

A CASE OF HUGE GASTRIC DISOPYROBEZOAR

PYTOBEZOARS are common bezoars in gastrontestinal tract, commonly seen in stomach and mall intestine,1but huge disopyrobezoars are     

Acupuncture Treatment of Chest Bi Syndrome

CASE HISTORY A male,a retired officer of 61 years old,paid his first visit on May 12,2006.The patient stated that 2 weeks before he suddenly got paroxysmal precordial choking pain,with irregular attacks.Each attack would last several seconds to several minutes.The attack was accompanied with heavy oppressed sensation in the precordial region,palpitation,lassitude,and in severe cases,sweating,which was once diagnosed by a hospital as'coronary heart disease'.Recalling the case history,the patient said that several days before he got angry with others because of some affairs in work,and he was not so used to the life pattern since he had just retired from his busy working post.At usual times,he was quick tempered and peevish.In recent days,he had poor appetite,and loose stool.     

Instructions to Contributors

The English edition of Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine is edited and published by the Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Press.Original scientific papers of advanced clinical and experimental medicine in the field of complementary/alternative medicine or integrative medicine are expected.     

Development Is A High Level Inheritance for China Time-honored Brand Products

<正>As culture is the soul of a nation,the three books,"History of Chinese Philosophy,""History of Chinese Culture"and"History of Chinese Science and Technology"have demonstrated the superiority of our great Chinese culture,and its significant impact in the field of international culture.Both core value and practical value of the Chinese culture are very clear,reflected in the views of universe,nature,life,health,disease,and therapy and related considerations,concepts,and technical methods.