Diagnostic value of endobronchial ultrasound guided tran小ronchial needle aspiration in superior vena cava syndrome

Background The pathological diagnosis is of critical importance to the subsequent treatment for the pathients with superior vena cava syndrome （SVCS）.The aim of this study is to report our experience in the diagnosis of SVCS by endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration （EBUS-TBNA）.Methods The data of 520 patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA from September 2009 to May 2012 at our institution were reviewed.Of these,there were 14 males and 6 females （mean age of 59.1 years） with SVCS who received EBUS-TBNA that were included in the analysis.Results The mean short axis diameter of the paratracheal lesions was （3.32±1.79） cm （range,1.69 to 9.50 cm） and 6 cases also had subcarinal lymph node enlargement with a mean short axis diameter of （2.14±0.49） cm （range,1.73 to 3.01 cm）.An average of 4.3 punctures was performed per lesion.Malignancy was confirmed in 16 cases （10 small cell carcinomas,4 adenocarcinomas,1 squamous cell carcinoma and 1 Hodgkin lymphoma）.In two patients,pathological examination of tissue revealed no evidence of malignancy and for 13 to 24 months of follow-up.One patient from whom adequate tissue was not obtained refused further surgical biopsy since he had undergone endovascular stenting of the SVC.One patient in whom a diagnosis was not obtained by EBUS-TBNA underwent thoracoscopic biopsy and the final diagnosis was B cell non-Hodgkin＇s lymphoma.The diagnosis accuracy of EBUS-TBNA in SVCS was 18/20 patients.Conclusion EBUS-TBNA is a highly effective and safe procedure for the diagnosis of SVCS.     

Narrow-band imaging in the diagnosis of early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions

Background In the recent years, the incidence of esophageal cancer in China has increased. The key point for raising the survival rate is the diagnosis and treatment at an early stage. Narrow-band imaging （NBI） can enhance the contrast of the mucous membrane of the esophagus without staining. This study aimed to explore the value of NBI in the diagnosis of early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions.
Methods The esophagus was examined with ordinary endoscopy and NBI endoscopy. Pit patterns and blood capillary forms were examined with routine magnifying endoscopy and NBI endoscopy. Finally, a 1.2% Lugoul＇s iodine solution was used to stain the esophageal mucosal surface and a biopsy was taken at all the sites where NBI or iodine staining was positive. NBI and iodine staining scales were compared with pathologic diagnosis, which was considered as the gold standard.
Results A total of 90 cases （138 lesions in total） were diagnosed as early esophageal cancer or precancerous lesions; 104 lesions （75.4%） were detected with ordinary endoscopy, 120 lesions （87.0%） were detected with NBI endoscopy, and 138 lesions （100%） were detected with iodine staining. The lesion detection rate of NBI was significantly lower than that of iodine staining （X2=17.176, P 〈0.01）. However, there was no significant difference between NBI and iodine staining for the diagnosis of high grade intraepithelial neoplasia （X2=1.362, P 〉0.05）, while the detection rate of NBI was significantly lower than that of iodine staining for the diagnosis of low grade intraepithelial neoplasia （X2=13.388, P 〈0.01）. The pit pattern and blood capillary form of early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions could be demonstrated clearer with NBI than with ordinary endoscopy.
Conclusions NBI can enhance the contrast of the mucous membrane of the esophagus without staining. The combination of NBI and iodine staining can raise the diagnostic rate of early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions.     

Local injection of liposomal adriamycin to inhibit metastatic cell proliferation in axillary nodes in rabbits bearing breast tumors

Objective： To assess the inhibitory effects of local injection of liposomal adriamycin （LADR） on the proliferation of lymph node metastases in rabbits bearing VX2 carcinoma in the mammary gland. Methods：Thirty female New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 3 groups, with 10 in each. VX2 tumor mass suspensions were injected into the breast tissues of rabbits. Treatment initiated once the axillary lymph node reached 5 mm in the maximum diameter. Group 1 received a sham treatment. Group 2 received a subcutaneous injection of LADR adjacent to tumor. Group 3 received an intravenous injection of free ADR （FADR） at the same dose and concentration to group 2. The breast tumors and axillary lymph nodes were resected after the treatment was repeated 3 times. The tumor and node sizes before and after treatment were measured. PCNA mRNA expressions in breast tumors and axillary nodes were determined using RT-PCR. Results： The mean growth ratios of lymph nodes after treatment were 3. 70, 1.55, and 2.89, respectively, in groups 1, 2, and 3. The slowest node growth was observed in animals of group 2, with significant differences from group 1 （P〈0. 001） and group 3 （P= 0. 002）. The relative values of PCNA mRNA expression in lymph nodes were 0. 541, 0. 329, and 0. 450, respectively, in groups 1, 2, and 3. Group 2 exhibited a significantly reduced PCNA mRNA expression in metastatic lymph node, as compared to group 1 （P〈0. 001） and group 3 （P=0. 004）. Intravenous FADR injection effectively lowered the mRNA expressions of PCNA in breast tumors, which were not apparently altered after local LADR injection. Conclusion： Local injection of LADR holds a strong inhibitory effect on the proliferation of metastatic tumor cells in lymph nodes and appears to be an effective method for the treatment of lymphatic metastases of breast cancer.     

Contribution of minute axillary lymph nodes to accurate staging for patients with breast cancer

Background Axillary lymph node metastasis is a very important metastatic pathway in breast cancer and its accurate detection is important for staging tumour and guiding therapy. However, neither the accuracy of routine detection of lymph node in surgical specimens nor the significance of minute lymph node with metastases in breast cancer is clear. A modified method for conveniently detecting minute lymph node in specimens of axillary dissections in patients with breast cancer was used to analyze their influence on staging breast cancer. Methods Lymph nodes in fresh, unfixed, specimens of axillary dissections from 127 cases of breast cancer were detected routinely. Then the axillary fatty tissues were cut into 1 cm thick pieces, soaked in Carnoy’s solution for 6 to 12 hours, taken out and put on a glass plate. Minute lymph nodes were detected by light of bottom lamp and examined by routine pathology. Results Lymph nodes (n= 2483, 19.6±8.0 per case) were found by routine method. A further 879 lymph nodes up to 6 mm (781 < 3 mm, 6.9±5.3 per case, increasing mean to 26.5±9.7) were found from the axillary tissues after soaking in Carnoy’s solution. By detection of minute lymph nodes, the stages of lymph node metastasis in 7 cases were changed from pathological node (pN) stage pN(0) to pN(1) in 4 cases, from pN(1) to pN(2) in 2 and from pN(2) to pN(3) in 1. Conclusions The accurate staging of axillary lymph node metastasis can be obtained routinely with number of axillary lymph nodes in most cases of breast cancer. To avoid neglecting minute lymph nodes with metastases, small axillary nodes should be searched carefully in the cases of earlier breast cancer with no swollen axillary nodes. Treatment with Carnoy’s solution can expediently detect minute axillary nodes and improve the accurate staging of lymph nodes in breast cancer.     

CLINICAL APPLICATION OF BODY DIFFUSION WEIGHTED MR IMAGING IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND PREOPERATIVE N STAGING OF CERVICAL CANCER

Objective To evaluate the clinical impact of body diffusion weighted imaging （DWI） on the diagnosis and preoperative N staging of cervical cancer.
Methods Twenty-four patients （mean age 37.9 years old） with proved cervical cancer by cervical biopsy and 24 female patients with other suspected pelvic abnormalities received preoperative body DWI scan. Results of body DWI were compared with pathological findings. The apparent diffusion coefficient （ADC） values of normal cervix and different pathological types of cervical cancer were compared. ADC value of normal or inflammatory lymph nodes was also compared with that of metastatic ones. Student＇s t test was used for statistical analysis.
Results There were 5 adenocarcinomas and 19 epitheliomas showed with biopsy results, and DWI showed 21 cervical lesions out of them （87.5%）. ADC values of the normal cervix （n = 24）, epithelioma （n = 19）, and adenocarcinoma （n = 5）were （1.73 ± 0.31） × 10^-3, （0.88 ± 0.22） × 10^-3, and （1.08 ± 0.12）× 10^-3 mm^2/s, respectively. Statistical analysis showed significant difference in ADC value between normal cervical tissue and either tumor tissues （both P 〈 0.01）. In patients had lymphadenectomy （n = 24）, totally 67 lymph nodes including 16 metastatic lymph nodes were pathologically analyzed, and DWI showed 66 （98.5%） out of them. ADC values of normal/inflammatory and metastatic lymph nodes were （1.07 ± 0.16） × 10^-3 and （0.77 ± 0.13） × 10^-3 mm^2/s （P 〈 0.01）. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve of ADC value of metastatic lymph node showed that area under curve was 0.961.
Conclusions ADC value in cervical carcinoma is lower than that in normal cervix, and ADC may have predictive value in subtype discrimination. ADC value may improve the preoperative characterization of lymph node metastasis. And at least abdominal and pelvic DWI scan is suggested for N staging evaluation in such patients.     

Accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for lymph node staging in non-small-cell lung cancers

Background This retrospective study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of 2-（F18）-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography （^18F-FDG-PET）/computed tomography （PET/CT） in the preoperative diagnosis of metastatic mediastinal and hilar lymph node in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods A total of 39 patients received preoperative ^18F-FDG PET/CT and the postoperative biopsy. We compared preoperative PET/CT scan results with corresponding intraoperative histopathalogic findings in 39 NSCLC patients. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive value of ^18F-FDG PET/CT were assessed. Results Histopathologic examination confirmed metastasis in 57 out of the 208 excised lymph nodes; 23 of the 57 nodes were mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of PET/CT in the preoperative diagnosis of mediastinal lymph node metastasis in NSCLC patients were 65%, 96.8%, 92%, 78.5% and 90%, respectively. Conclusions PET/CT scan showed good accuracy in the preoperative diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar lymph node metastasis in the patients with NSCLC. We recommend that PET/CT scanning be used as a first-line evaluation tool for tumor diagnosis, therapy evaluation and follow-up.     

Fungal granuloma of mediastinal lymph nodes in an immunocompetent host

This is a case report of mediastinal fungal granuloma in an immunocompetent host. The definite diagnosis was made by pathological biopsy via video-assisted thoracoscopy and silver methenamine staining showed aspergillus hyphae and spores in the epithelioid granuloma. In conclusion, opportunistic pathogenic fungi can cause granulomatous inflammation in mediastinal lymph nodes in an immunocompetent host, as it can do in an immunocompromised host. More attention should be paid on tissue biopsy and pathological examination to ensure a correct diagnosis for these kinds of cases.

     

Minimally invasive approaches for histological diagnosis of anterior mediastinal masses

Background Anterior mediastinal masses include a wide variety of diseases from benign lesions to extremely malignant tumors. Management strategies are highly diverse and depend strongly on the histological diagnosis as well as the extent of the disease. We reported a prospective study comparing the usefulness of core needle biopsy and mini-mediastinotomy under local anesthesia for histological diagnosis in anterior mediastinal masses. Methods Atotal of 40 patients with masses of unknown histology and located either at or near the anterior mediastinum received biopsy prior to treatment. The diagnostic methods were core needle biopsy in 28 patients and biopsy through mini-mediastinotomy under local anesthesia in 15 patients （including 3 patients for whom core needle biopsy failed to yield a definite diagnosis）. Results Histological diagnosis was achieved in 18 of the 28 patients receiving core needle biopsy. Of them, all 4 patients with pleural fibromas and 9 of the 12 patients （75%） with pulmonary mass were diagnosed definitively. In the remaining 12 patients with mediastinal mass, histological diagnosis was achieved in only 5 patients （41.7%）. In contrast, biopsy through a mini-mediastinotomy failed in only 3 patients. In the remaining 12 patients with huge mediastinal masses, who underwent mini-mediastinotomy, a definitive histological diagnosis was reached by pathological and/or immunohistochemical study （diagnostic yield 85.7% in 12 of 14 cases of mediastinal mass, P=0.038 vs core needle biopsy）. For the 9 patients with thymic epithelial tumors, the diagnostic yield was 40% （2 in 5 cases） for core needle biopsy and 83.3% （5 in 6 cases） for mini-mediastinotomy. There was no morbidity in patients receiving mini-mediastinotomy. In the 30 patients with biopsy-proven histological diagnosis, the results contributed to therapeutic decision making in 25 cases （83.3%）. Conclusions Core needle biopsy is effective in the diagnosis of pulmonary and pleural diseases. Yet its diagnostic yield in mediastinal mass is rather low. Superior to core needle biopsy, biopsy through a mini-mediastinotomy under local anesthesia is highly effective in the histological diagnosis of anterior mediastinal mass, and has a satisfactory diagnostic yield. The method is safe, minimally invasive, cost-effective, and useful in therapeutic decision making for anterior mediastinal masses.     

PULMONARY LEIOMYOSARCOMA——REPORT OF THREE CASES

Three cases of pulmonary leiomyosarcoma were presented.The characteristic clinical features were described with review of literature.In comparison with bronchogenic carcinoma,the leiomyosarcoma has some characteristics;1)On chest X-ray,it usually appears as a sharply demarcated,even density round mass,growing rapidly within the lung,it rarely accompanies with hilar or mediastinal lymph node merastasis.2)The preoperative cytological or pathological diagnosis is difficult either by sputum smear or by bronchoscopic biopsy or by fine needle percutaneous aspiration biopsy.3)Pathological differential diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma of lung from apaplastic lung cancer is difficult.In conclusion,the primary pulmonary leioyosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor,detecting the present illness seriously,paying attention to the chest X-ray films characterise,early surgical resection is the only way to get diagnosis and effective treatment method.     

Primary tracheobronchial amyloidosis in China: Analysis of 64 cases and a review of literature

Primary tracheobronchial amyloidosis (TBA) is a rare pulmonary disease.A systematic review was performed on 64 cases of primary TBA in China and progress in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease is discussed.The Chinese biological and medical databases from 1970 to 2010 were searched and 75 cases of complete clinical and pathological data were identified.The clinical characteristics of the disease were summarized and longitudinal comparisons were made of diagnostic and treatment methods over time.The results showed that the morbidity associated with primary TBA has increased over recent years.The clinical manifestations were non-specific.Progressive dyspnea, cough and sputum were the most common symptoms.The percentage of patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) scan has increased over the years.The bronchoscopy and transbrochial lung biopsy (TBLB) were usually sufficient to establish the diagnosis.Treatment was reported for a total of 44 cases.Bronchoscopic Nd:YAG laser irradiation, argon plasma coagulation (APC) and drugs administration such as steroids and colchicines were reported to be effective in some patients.It is concluded that the demographic characteristics and clinical manifestations of primary TBA patients in China are largely consistent with findings reported in other countries.Dramatically more cases were reported in recent years, mainly due to the extensive application of bronchoscopy since 1990s.Chest CT scan provides important clues for the diagnosis of the disease.The definite diagnosis was confirmed by bronchoscopic findings and Congo red staining of biopsy specimen.Bronchoscopic Nd:YAG laser irradiation, argon plasma coagulation (APC) and drugs administration, such as steroids and colchicines were reported to be effective in some patients.     

高频超声引导14G粗针活检在淋巴瘤诊断中的应用

目的:探讨高频超声引导下14G粗针活检在淋巴瘤确诊和分型中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析30例行高频超声引导下14G粗针活检术,且经病理证实为淋巴瘤患者的超声、临床和病理资料。穿刺部位包括颈部、锁骨上、腋下、腹股沟及乳腺、竖直肌、臀部、背部、大腿根部。病理检查包括HE染色及免疫组化。结果:高频超声引导14G粗针活检加病理检查确诊为淋巴瘤28例(均为非霍杰金淋巴瘤,NHL),诊断阳性率93.3%(28/30),假阴性2例。穿刺确诊病例中26例获得淋巴瘤的组织学分型,占92.9%(26/28),另2例仅诊断为淋巴瘤,未做出具体分型。30例均未发现严重并发症。结论:高频超声引导下14G粗针活检术对淋巴瘤的确诊和分型具有确诊率高、创伤小、取材成功率高、并发症少等优势,具有较高的临床应用和推广价值。     

原发性乳腺癌超声影像异常腋窝淋巴结穿刺病理学检查的临床应用

目的探讨针对超声影像异常的腋窝淋巴结进行穿刺病理学检查的临床意义。方法回顾性分析395例原发性乳腺癌超声影像异常腋窝淋巴结的穿刺病理学检查结果及其临床资料。结果277例（70．1％）经穿刺病理学检查诊断淋巴结转移,其中47．8％（65／136）的N0期病例病理确诊淋巴结转移。62例穿刺病理学检查阴性乳腺癌随后接受前哨淋巴结活检或腋窝淋巴结清扫术,42例确诊淋巴结阴性。经过新辅助化疗,转移淋巴结的病理完全缓解率为32．3％（62／192）。结论腋窝淋巴结超声影像结合穿刺病理学检查可用于原发性乳腺癌治疗前的基线检查。     

高频超声引导下粗针穿刺活检诊断颈部及锁骨上窝淋巴结病变的应用价值

目的 探讨高频超声引导下粗针穿刺活检（CNB）诊断颈部及锁骨上窝淋巴结病变的应用价值。方法 选取2020年2月—2021年8月青海省人民医院收治的145例颈部及锁骨上窝淋巴结病变患者（145枚淋巴结）作为研究对象。统计临床淋巴结病变诊断结果。对比不同颈部及锁骨上窝淋巴结病变患者病理诊断结果。对比高频超声引导下CNB与病理诊断结果。并以病理诊断结果作为金标准，分析高频超声引导CNB对颈部及锁骨上窝淋巴结病变的诊断效能。结果 ≥ 45岁患者淋巴结恶性率高于< 45岁患者（P <0.05）。不同性别、淋巴结纵横比患者淋巴结恶性率比较，差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。高频超声引导下CNB诊断结果为恶性病变100例（肿瘤淋巴结转移71例，淋巴瘤24例，淋巴结反应性增生1例，淋巴结结核4例），良性病变45例（肿瘤淋巴结转移1例，淋巴瘤1例，淋巴结反应性增生32例，淋巴结结核11例），病理诊断结果为恶性病变97例（肿瘤淋巴结转移72例，淋巴瘤25例），良性病变48例（淋巴结反应性增生33例，淋巴结结核15例）。高频超声引导下CNB对颈部及锁骨上窝淋巴结病变诊断的敏感性、特异性和准确率分别为97.94%（95% CI：0.477，0.878）、89.58%（95% CI：0.650，0.834）和95.17%（95% CI：0.610，0.785）。结论 高频超声引导下CNB诊断颈部及锁骨上窝淋巴结病变的效能较高，可作为临床诊断颈部及锁骨上窝淋巴结病变的首选方法。     

粗针穿刺活检(CNB)诊断乳腺导管原位癌(DCIS)的前哨淋巴结活检(SLNB)结果分析

 目的 探讨粗针穿刺活检（core needle biopsy,CNB）诊断乳腺导管原位癌（ductal carcinoma in situ,DCIS）的前哨淋巴结活检（sentinel lymph node biopsy,SLNB）结果,了解SLNB对于DCIS的临床意义。方法 回顾复旦大学附属妇产科医院2012年1月至2018年12月治疗的DCIS患者临床资料,分析其SLNB结果。结果 CNB诊断为DCIS患者共169例,全部行SLNB。其中纯导管原位癌117例（69.2%）,原位癌伴微浸润28例（16.6%）,浸润性导管癌24例（14.2%）。保乳29例（17.2%）,乳房全切140例（82.8%）。使用14/16g穿刺活检针诊断93例（55%）,8 g真空负压活检系统诊断76例（45%）。与纯导管内癌组相比,微浸润/浸润性癌组中肿瘤直径>2 cm（P<0.001）,伴有广泛钙化（P<0.001）,14/16 g粗针穿刺（P<0.001）、乳房切除术（P=0.03）比例均高于纯导管内癌组。7例（4.1%）患者SLNB为阳性结果,全部为14/16 g穿刺活检针诊断患者,8 g真空负压活检系统和保乳手术患者SLNB结果均为阴性。结论 CNB诊断DCIS的SLNB阳性率非常低,大部分患者SLNB可能是不必要的,特别是8 g真空负压活检系统患者和保乳手术患者。     

超声造影引导浅表转移性淋巴结穿刺活检的临床价值

目的 探讨超声造影在引导颈部转移性淋巴结穿刺活检中的应用.方法 对32例有恶性肿瘤病史伴浅表淋巴结肿大的患者行淋巴结超声造影,根据病灶的微灌注情况,行超声引导下穿刺活检,分析取材成功率及诊断准确率.结果 32例患者的淋巴结组织病理学结果显示,转移性淋巴结26例,良性结节6例,后者行手术活检发现有2例转移性淋巴.取材成功...     

舌鳞癌与其颈淋巴结转移癌组织中iNOS与COX-2的表达差异

 【目的】研究诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）和环氧化酶-2（COX-2）在舌鳞癌原发灶及其颈淋巴结转移灶组织中的表达差异，探讨舌鳞癌转移的机制。【方法】采用SP免疫组化法检测83例舌部原发鳞癌和其中35例相应的颈淋巴结转灶石蜡包埋标本中iNOS、COX-2的表达。【结果】①舌鳞癌颈淋巴结转移灶iNOS（9．6±2．1）、COX-2（8．7±0．9），相应的原发灶iNOS（7．7±1．8），COX-2（6．1±1．3）。无颈淋巴结转移的原发灶iNOS（3．5±2．7）。COX-2（2．4±1．9）。无转移的颈淋巴iNOS（0．7±0．3），COX-2（0．5±0．6），舌正常组织iNOS（0．6±0．4），COX-2（0．4±0．3）。上述组别两两比较，iNOS、COX-2免疫组化评分差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01。P〈0．05）。②在舌鳞癌颈淋巴结转移癌组织中。iNOS、COX-2表达呈正相关关系（r=0．5841，P〈0．01）。③在舌鳞癌颈淋巴结转移灶中。M组iNOS（10．5±0．7）、COX-2（9．6±1．1）分别与N2组iNOS（9．4±0．6）、COX-2（9．1±0．2）比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。N1组iNOS（6．1±0．4）、COX-2（5．5±0．4）分别同N0组iNOS（0．7±0．3）、COX-2（0．5±0．6）比较。差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。N2组iNOS、COX-2分别同N1组iNOS、COX-2比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。【结论】iNOS、COX-2在舌鳞癌的转移及颈淋巴结转移灶的生长中起着重要的作用。     

粗针穿刺活检在射频消融治疗甲状腺微小乳头状癌中的临床应用

目的 探讨粗针穿刺评价射频消融治疗甲状腺微小乳头状癌疗效的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2016年6月至2018年9月行射频消融(RFA)治疗单发低危甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者190例,随访时间均大于12个月,其中女性142例、男性48例,年龄20~74岁,肿瘤平均体积(106.29±96.15)mm³。RFA术后1、3、6、12个月及随后每半年行超声和超声造影检查评估消融灶体积、颈部淋巴结及甲状腺实质情况。于术后第3或6个月对消融灶中心部、周边部及周围正常甲状腺实质分别行粗针穿刺(CNB)评价消融疗效。结果 患者的平均随访时间为(30.04±12.41)个月,体积由(106.29±96.15)mm³缩小至(1.47±8.00)mm³,体积缩小率为(99.08±4.32)%。术后两枚消融灶病理阳性,均出现在消融灶周边部,随即进行补充消融。随访过程中,无患者出现复发转移。所有患者的手术及CNB均顺利进行,无并发症发生。结论 CNB是一种便捷有效的评价低危甲状腺微小乳头状癌消融有效性的检查方法,可在消融术后早期发现残留肿瘤。     

超声结合针吸活检在判断甲状腺癌术后颈部淋巴结复发转移中的应用价值

目的 评价超声结合超声引导下细针抽吸细胞学检查在甲状腺癌术后颈部淋巴结转移中的诊断价值.方法 对132例甲状腺癌术后患者的148枚淋巴结行超声检查,同时对淋巴结在超声引导下行细针抽吸细胞学检查,分析甲状腺癌术后颈部淋巴结的超声特征表现.结果 148枚淋巴结中有119枚淋巴结为转移性.占穿刺淋巴结的80.4%,非转移性淋巴结29枚,占19.6%.转移性淋巴结中有34.5%出现在Ⅲ组,有40.3%出现在Ⅳ组.转移性淋巴结表现为类圆形,呈等回声或偏高回声结节,回声分布不均匀,淋巴结内部有钙化,血流信号2～3级.若根据超声表现为短轴/长轴〉0.5,回声分布不均,淋巴结内部有钙化,淋巴结内血流信号2～3级其病理诊断为转移性和非转移性两组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）.结论 甲状腺癌术后颈部转移淋巴结在形态、内部回声结构及血流分布等方面有较为特征性表现,同时结合超声引导下的细针抽吸细胞学检查可对颈部淋巴结的病理性质作出正确判断.     

超声引导下乳腺可疑病灶穿刺活检的临床价值

目的:在超声引导下乳腺病灶穿刺活组织病理学检查临床应用价值.方法:回顾性分析比较我院60例超声引导下穿刺乳腺病灶穿刺活检标本和手术后标本的病理组织学诊断.结果:送检的超声引导下乳腺病灶穿刺活检标本的病理组织学诊断分别为:浸润性癌36例,髓样癌2例,可疑恶性3例,非典型增生4例,叶状肿瘤1例,良性病变14例.超声引导下乳...