联合静息态与DTI探究AD患者大脑的早期改变

目的通过探究阿尔茨海默病(AD)的ALFF值差异相关脑区的FA值,为AD的早期诊断提供功能与分子影像学依据。方法采用西门子Trio 3.0T磁共振对17例AD病人及17例对照组被试进行静息态fmri、DTI检查。对静息态、DTI原始数据进行预处理,得到ALFF图和FA图,并进行组间独立双样本t检验,得到具有统计学意义的差异脑区,做成mask用于FA图的统计,然后进行组间独立样本t检验。结果AD组和健康对照组相比,AD组患者ALFF值在右侧后扣带回、双侧中央前回及左侧额中回等脑区降低,在左侧丘脑、右侧海马旁回及右侧颞上回等脑区增高,同时这些脑区的FA值均增高。结论阿尔茨海默病患者与健康对照组相比,ALFF值异常的脑区,如右侧后扣带回、左侧额中回、右侧颞下回等默认网络脑区,FA值也同时存在异常,说明AD患者功能存在异常的脑区的微观结构也同时存在异常,这为早期客观有效地诊断阿尔茨海默病提供了可能。     

基于局部一致性的重度抑郁症患者脑静息态功能磁共振成像研究

目的 采用脑静息态功能磁共振成像(rs-fMRI)局部一致性(ReHo)方法探讨重度抑郁症(MDD)患者脑区自发性活动特征,评价其与抑郁严重程度的相关性.方法 对24例MDD患者和26例相匹配的康对照组(HC)进行rs-fMRI扫描,分析两组ReHo值,将差异显著的脑区内平均ReHo值与HAMD-17评分进行相关性分析.结果 MDD患者较HC组左侧直回、左侧海马、右侧楔前叶、右侧顶上回、左侧顶下缘角回、右侧楔叶ReHo值显著升高;右背外侧前额叶、右侧后扣带回、左侧枕下回、双侧颞下回、右侧颞上回ReHo值降低(P<0.05,Alphasim矫正).Pearson相关分析显示两组差异脑区左侧海马ReHo值与HAMD-17评分呈正相关(r=0.593,P=0.002),右侧后扣带回ReHo值与HAMD-17评分呈负相关(r=-0.431,P=0.035).结论 MDD患者静息态下脑功能损害主要集中于边缘系统及默认网络等多个脑区,且左侧海马与右侧后扣带回局部脑区自发活动的时间同步性与抑郁严重程度存在相关性.ReHo分析可作为抑郁症严重程度评价的潜在生物学标记.     

抑郁症脑网络的静息态功能磁共振分析

目的 分析抑郁症患者脑网络的静息态功能磁共振(rs-fMRI)特征,并评价其与抑郁严重程度的相关性。方法 选取在我院心理门诊治疗的抑郁症患者25例作为研究组,同期健康志愿者25例作为对照组,均进行rs-fMRI扫描。并采用Pearson分析有统计学意义的脑区内平均ReHo值与汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)评分的相关性。结果 研究组左侧海马、左侧直回、左侧顶下缘角回、右侧楔前叶、右侧顶上回、右侧楔叶的ReHo值明显高于对照组的ReHo值(P0.05);研究组左侧枕下回、左侧颞下回、右侧颞上回、右侧颞下回、右侧背外侧前额叶、右侧后扣带回的ReHo值明显低于对照组的ReHo值(P0.05)。经相关性分析,抑郁症患者的HAMD-17评分与左侧海马的ReHo值呈正相关(P0.001),抑郁症患者的HAMD-17评分与右侧后扣带回的ReHo值呈负相关(P0.05)。结论 抑郁症患者静息态下脑功能损伤主要集中在默认网络和边缘系统等,且左侧海马、右侧后扣带回局部脑区连接强度变化与抑郁症严重程度具有相关性,Re Ho可辅助评价抑郁症严重程度。     

低频振幅联合功能连接对原发性失眠的研究

目的低频振幅(ALFF)联合功能连接探讨原发性失眠患者脑功能及网络改变。方法64名原发性失眠患者(患者组)和59名健康对照者(对照组)进行静息态功能磁共振扫描,然后对两组间的ALFF值以及ALFF值差异脑区的功能连接进行独立样本t检验分析。结果患者组ALFF增高的脑区为右侧颞中回、右侧补充运动区、右侧额上回内侧、左侧额下回三角部;ALFF值降低的脑区为双侧额中回、左侧后扣带回。在功能连接方面,患者组右侧颞中回与左侧枕中回功能连接降低,而功能连接增高者包括右侧补充运动区与右侧额上回内侧、右侧缘上回;右侧额上回内侧与左侧补充运动区延伸至双侧额叶;左侧额下回三角部与左侧背外侧额上回、右侧楔前叶、左侧枕中回、右侧顶下缘角回;左侧额中回与左侧小脑脚I区、右侧三角部额下回、右侧缘上回;右侧额中回与左侧额下回三角部;左侧后扣带回与右侧额中回、左侧额下回眶部、左侧顶下缘角回。结论原发性失眠患者的脑功能及网络均存在着异常,未来可对该方面进行深入、系统地研究。     

静息态脑功能连接在不同认知状态老年人中的应用

目的探讨不同认知状态老年人静息态脑功能连接情况。方法收集阿尔茨海默病患者（AD组）13例、轻度认知功能障碍患者（MCI组）12例、认知正常老年人（对照组）13例,进行磁共振扫描,应用局部一致性（ReHo）方法确定种子点,并进行静息态功能连接分析。结果在静息状态下,AD组和MCI组患者的后扣带回区域、额叶内侧、前额叶背外侧和顶叶部分区域的ReHo均较高。与对照组相比,MCI患者左侧颞叶（颞下回及颞中回）、海马旁回及右侧枕叶舌回、皮层下的部分脑区ReHo显著降低;而右侧额叶（额上回、额中回及中央前回）、顶上小叶及左侧梭状回、颞上回、额下回的部分脑区ReHo显著增高。AD患者变化更加明显,额叶-顶叶,颞叶-脑岛,颞叶-枕叶之间的长距离连接降低,但是额叶内部和枕颞间、丘脑及颞叶间的功能连接增高,3组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论3组不同认知状态老年人的功能连接不同,有助于AD、MCI患者及正常老年人的鉴别诊断。     

轻度认知障碍病人情景记忆与脑静息态功能连接关系

目的观察轻度认知障碍(MCI)病人情景记忆(EM)编码、提取与其脑静息态功能连接网络变化的关系。方法 MCI组24例,正常对照(NC)组24例,采用GE 3.0T MRI采集静息态脑血氧水平依赖信号,然后行EM编码、提取测试。EM编码和提取成绩与相应功能连接网络进行相关分析。结果与NC组比较,MCI组与后扣带回连接明显减弱脑区:胼胝体、左侧舌回、左侧额叶亚区、右侧颞中回、右侧颞上回、右侧舌回及左侧颞中回(t=-4.84～-3.73,P<0.05);连接增强脑区:小脑后叶、右侧颞下回、右侧额中回、左侧枕中回、左侧中央前回、左侧颞上回、右侧中央前回(t=3.49～4.72,P<0.05)。MCI组EM编码、提取成绩均明显低于NC组,差异均有显著性(t=4.60、3.53,P<0.05)。MCI组与EM编码呈显著正相关脑区为右侧颞上回(r=0.66,P<0.05);NC组无相关脑区。MCI组与EM提取呈显著正相关的脑区为右侧楔前叶(r=0.71,P<0.05),NC组为左侧眶部额中额下回(r=0.68,P<0.05)。结论 MCI病人双侧颞中回、右侧颞上回、双侧舌回与后扣带回功能连接显著减弱;小脑后叶、左侧颞上回、右侧颞下回、左侧枕中回、双侧中央前回、右侧额中回与PCC的功能连接增强。MCI病人EM编码、提取功能存在明显障碍,其中编码功能障碍与其右侧颞上回功能网络连接减弱密切相关。     

轻微型肝性脑病患者静息态脑功能局部一致性研究

目的：探讨静息状态下轻微型肝性脑病（minimal hepatic encephalopathy,MHE）患者脑功能活动改变情况。方法：采用血氧水平依赖功能磁共振成像（blood oxygen level dependence-functional magnetic resonance imaging,BOLD-fMRI）技术,分析17例MHE患者（MHE组）和17例健康对照（healthy control,HC）组静息状态下脑功能活动差异;采用局部一致性（regional homo－geneity,ReHo）分析方法对数据进行处理。结果：与HC组相比,MHE组ReHo值降低的脑区包括右侧额内侧回、双侧前扣带回/额内侧回、右侧额下回、左侧直回/眶回、右侧丘脑及右侧小脑后叶（P＜0.005,校正后,cluster水平）;MHE组ReHo值升高的脑区包括左侧岛叶、右侧额中回/额下回及右侧梭状回/海马/海马旁回（P＜0.005,校正后,cluster水平）。结论：MHE患者表现为与多个认知调控环路相关的多个脑区神经元存在自发活动异常。     

帕金森病患者静息状态下大脑局部一致性的变化研究

目的探索帕金森病患者在静息状态下大脑局部一致性（ReHo）的改变,比较帕金森病患者与健康对照组之间脑部的异常改变。方法收集16例原发性帕金森病患者和12例健康对照组的功能影像数据,采用ReHo的数据后处理方法进行分析,获取有统计学意义的差异脑区。结果与健康对照组比较,帕金森病组在“关期”状态下ReHo降低的区域主要集中在右侧小脑后叶、左侧小脑后叶、左侧枕叶梭状回、左额叶内侧、左侧颞上回及前扣带回。而ReHo增加的脑区主要集中在右侧顶上小叶、右侧额下回、右侧楔前叶、左侧颞下回、左侧颞中回及左侧楔前叶。结论帕金森病患者静息状态下大脑功能存在广泛异常,多个脑区的ReHo发生改变,这可能与帕金森病患者运动网络及默认网络的改变有关,从而影响了患者的运动及认知功能。     

静息态功能MRI在首诊精神分裂症患者中的应用观察

目的探讨静息态功能磁共振成像(f MRI)在首诊精神分裂症患者中的应用价值。方法选取2016年1月-2018年9月间收治的42例精神分裂症患者(观察组)和40例志愿者(对照组)作为研究对象,两组均行f MRI检查。比较两组功能连接异常的脑区。结果观察组与对照组对比,精神分裂症患者左侧楔前叶、扣带回、左侧中央前回、双侧中央后回、双侧舌回、右侧颞中回、右侧颞上极、左侧颞横回、双侧顶上小叶、左侧岛叶功能连接异常增强(P0.05),精神分裂症患者左侧额中回、左侧顶下小叶、双侧额上回、右侧眶下回功能接连异常减弱(P0.05)。结论静息态f MRI能有效显示首诊精神分裂症患者的多个脑区功能连接异常及其变化。     

脑肿瘤患者认知异常的静息态脑功能成像研究

目的探讨脑肿瘤患者认知异常的静息态脑功能成像。方法选择19例脑肿瘤患者为脑肿瘤组,23例健康体检的志愿者为对照组。所有受试者在静息状态下完成血氧水平依赖功能磁共振成像（BOLD-fMRI）检查,采用静息态脑功能成像方法对静息态功能磁共振成像（rs-fMRI）数据进行局部一致性影像（ReHo）、低频振幅影像（ALFF）处理,通过RESTPLUS软件分析脑肿瘤组与对照组ReHo值、ALFF值的差异。结果与对照组比较,脑肿瘤组双侧额下回、双侧颞中回、双侧海马旁回、右侧前扣带回ALFF值均明显升高（均P＜0.01）;中脑、左侧颞中回、双侧颞上回、双侧海马旁回、双侧前扣带回、双侧顶上回、双侧额下回、双侧辅助运动区ReHo值均明显升高（均P＜0.01）。结论脑肿瘤患者在额叶、颞叶、边缘系统及辅助运动区存在着一系列脑部自发神经活动的变化,激活的区域与目前对该脑区认知功能的研究基本符合,且以双侧大脑半球改变为多。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.