加味温胆汤与卡托普利联用治疗大鼠自发性高血压的研究

目的:探讨加味温胆汤与卡托普利联用对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血压、左室肥厚指数以及心肌组织的影响.方法:将48只10周龄雄性SHR随机分为6组,分别为SHR对照组(SHR-K)、加味温胆汤高剂量和卡托普利联合用药组(ZX-H)、加味温胆汤中剂量和卡托普利联合用药组(ZX-M)、加味温胆汤低剂量和卡托普利联合用药组(ZX-L)、加味温胆汤中剂量组(Z)及卡托普利组(X),每组8只.自然病程对照组(SHR-K):给予蒸馏水ig,每日1次.中西药结合组(ZX):温胆汤高、中、低不同剂量水煎液,按14.83,7.42,3.71 g·kg-1,每日ig给药1次.卡托普利4 mg· kg- ig给药(与中药ig相隔2h).卡托普利组(X):给予卡托普利4 mg·kg-1 ig给药1次.加味温胆汤中剂量组(Z中):将药物制成水煎剂,按7.42 g·kg-1,ig给药,每天1次.连续给药8周.治疗8周后,测大鼠尾动脉收缩压、左室肥厚指数、以及光镜观察心肌组织改变.结果:加味温胆汤和卡托普利联用药治疗后,各剂量组大鼠收缩压均有所下降.加味温胆汤和卡托普利联用药高、中剂量组大鼠收缩压下降最明显(P＜0.01),分别为(152.1 ±2.6),(156.8±3.2) mmHg,且降压效果与剂量之间存在一定的量效关系,且降压效果优于加味温胆汤中剂量及开通博;与对照组比,各药物治疗组可显著改善左室肥厚指数(P＜0.01),加味温胆汤和卡托普利联合用药在改善左室肥厚指数方面优于其他各组(P＜0.01),分别为(2.58±0.38),(2.69 ±0.24),(2.84±0.19 )mg·g-1;加味温胆汤和卡托普利联合用药组能够明显减轻心肌细胞的病理损伤.单用中药或者西药,虽然也能减轻心肌细胞的病理损伤,但是不如两药合用效果显著.结论:加味温胆汤和卡托普利联合用药具有降压、降低左室肥厚指数及减轻心肌细胞损伤的作用.     

壮药降压方对自发性高血压大鼠降压作用研究

目的:探讨壮药降压方对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)的降压作用.方法:SHR大鼠随机分为模型组、降压方提取物高剂量组(2.0 g·kg-1)、中剂量组(1.0 g·kg-1)、低剂量组(0.5 g·kg-1),卡托普利组(10 mg·kg-1),每组8只.8只同龄雄性Wistar-Kyoto(WKY)大鼠为空白对照组.每周测量大鼠尾动脉压,给药6周后处死大鼠,测定血清中一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET)、血管紧张素(AngⅡ)的含量.结果:降压方提取物明显降低SHR大鼠的血压,同时能显著增加大鼠血清NO含量,降低大鼠血清中ET,Ang Ⅱ的含量,与模型组比较,均有显著性差异(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论:壮药降压方提取物可能通过下调血清中ET含量和上调NO含量来发挥降压作用.     

天钩降压胶囊对自发性高血压大鼠血压的影响

目的:观察天钩降压胶囊的药效作用.方法:13～14周龄SPF级SHR大鼠,按血压及体重随机分为模型对照组、天钩降压胶囊低、中、高剂量组(给药剂量按生药计分别为5.4,10.8,21.6 g·kg-1)、阳性对照药卡托普利组(0.03 g·kg-1).每天灌胃给药1次,持续4周.监测清醒动物血压、心率、心室指数、尿量及血液中肾素( PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ( AngⅡ)和醛固酮(ALD)含量.结果:天钩降压胶囊低、中、高剂量组能显著降低SHR大鼠收缩压、舒张压和平均动脉压(P ＜0.05或P＜0.01),低、中剂量组能减慢SHR大鼠心率(P＜0.01),低剂量组可有效抑制左心室指数(P＜0.05).天钩降压胶囊对SHR大鼠RRAS活性和排尿量无明显影响.结论:天钩降压胶囊可显著降低SHR大鼠血压,其作用与减慢心率、抑制心室指数有关,与RAAS系统及利尿作用无关.     

“调肝肾,祛痰瘀”复方血压峰值前给药对自发性高血压大鼠心肾组织形态学的影响

目的:探讨"调肝肾,祛痰瘀"复方血压峰值前给药对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)早期心肾损害组织形态学的影响。方法:将30只SHR(12周龄),随机分为复方组(4 g·kg-1),氯沙坦组(30 mg·kg-1)和模型组,另设SD大鼠10只为正常组,治疗12周后观察肾脏和心脏的超微结构和血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)蛋白表达。结果:与正常组比较,模型组肾小球系膜细胞核大,胞浆少,周围基膜明显增厚,胶原纤维增生明显,心肌细胞核,核形不规则,在核旁有些空染的区域,肌原纤维溶解消失,周围的线粒体发生了明显的空泡变性,大鼠肾组织和左心室组织AngⅡ的蛋白表达显著升高(P0.01);与模型组比较,复方组和氯沙坦组均能明显改善SHR的心脏和肾脏超微结构,显著降低AngⅡ在肾脏和心脏的表达(P0.01)。结论:调肝肾,祛痰瘀"复方血压峰值前给药能够减轻高血压心肾损害病理损伤,其作用可能是在中医阴阳升降机制协同下,通过下调AngⅡ表达,减少细胞外基质(ECM)在心肾组织局部的聚集而实现。     

红景天对自发性高血压大鼠血压的调节及机制

目的:探讨藏药红景天对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血压的调节,并探讨其作用机制.方法:将13周龄雄性SHR适应饲养2周后随机分为5组,空白模型对照组(0.5％ CMC),藏药红景天高、中、低剂量组(生药i.08,0.27.0.068 g·kg-1·d-1),卡托普利组(0.015 g·kg-1·d-1),另设同龄正常血压的Wistar-kyoto(W KY)大鼠12只为WKY对照组(0.5％CMC),连续ig 4周,采用尾动脉测压法测量ig给药前和单次ig红景天12 h内及连续ig4周大鼠血压,检测大鼠血脂、血清一氧化氮(NO)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及计算左心室质量指数(LVWI).结果:单次ig 12 h和连续ig 4周后各给药组收缩压较SHR模型组明显降低(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),而模型组收缩压明显高于WKY组(P＜0.01);与模型组比较,红景天各给药组能降低SHR血清低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)水平(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01),升高SHR血清高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)水平及降低游离脂肪酸(FFA)的趋势,低剂量组可降低SHR血清总胆固醇(TC)水平(P＜0.05);与模型组比较,红景天高、中剂量组NO含量有不同程度升高,红景天高、低剂量组SOD明显升高(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01),各给药组均能降低左心室质量指数.结论:藏药红景天可能通过调节脂代谢、升高NO含量、提高SOD活性及改善左室肥厚发挥对SHR大鼠的降压效应.     

清热祛痛搽剂对尿酸钠致大鼠痛风性关节炎的影响

目的:研究清热祛痛搽剂对尿酸钠诱导大鼠急性痛风性关节炎(GA)模型的治疗作用.方法:取45只大鼠,按体重随机分成5组.模型对照组,造模后按时间点涂等容积赋形剂;阳性药吲哚美辛组(4.5×10-3 g·kg-1),于造模前1h灌胃给药(10 mL·kg-1);清热祛痛搽剂高剂量组(0.91 g·kg-1)、中剂量组(0.46 g·kg-1)、低剂量组(0.23 g·kg-1),于造模后立即涂药(0.1 mL/只),并于致炎后6,12,24,48 h检测大鼠踝关节容积.结果:清热祛痛搽剂高、中、低剂量在致炎后各时间点均能不同程度的抑制尿酸钠所致大鼠踝关节疼痛,减轻肿胀程度,降低步态评分,与模型对照组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:清热祛痛搽剂对尿酸钠引起的痛风性关节炎症有较好的治疗作用.     

痛风安液对高尿酸血症小鼠的影响

目的:观察痛风安液对高尿酸血症小鼠的影响。方法:SPF级昆明种雄性小鼠115只,随机分为正常组(等容蒸馏水),模型组(等容蒸馏水),别嘌呤醇(40 mg·kg-1)组,秋水仙碱(0.25 mg·kg-1)组,痛风安液低、中、高剂量(8.45,16.9,33.8 g·kg-1)组,每组15只,连续ig 28 d,末次给药1 h后检测血清尿酸水平,肌酐(Cr),尿素氮(BUN),白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量以及肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)活性。结果:与正常组比较,模型组小鼠血尿酸水平,XOD活性及Cr,BUN,IL-6,TNF-α水平明显升高(P0.01);与模型组比较,痛风安各剂量组可明显降低小鼠血尿酸水平,XOD活性及Cr,BUN,IL-6,TNF-α水平(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:痛风安液对高尿酸模型小鼠有治疗和保护作用。     

天麻川芎对自发高血压大鼠肾素血管紧张素系统的影响

目的研究天麻川芎对自发高血压大鼠肾素血管紧张素系统的影响。方法自发高血压大鼠分为SHR组、卡托普利组(90 g·kg-1·d-1)、天麻川芎大剂量组(18.4 g·kg-1·d-1)和小剂量组(9.2 g·kg-1·d-1),WKY为正常对照。灌胃给药8周后,ELISA法测定血浆肾素(REN)、Ang-II水平;Western-blot法测定心肌及主动脉Renin、Ang-II水平;RT-PCR法测定心肌及主动脉中REN、Ang-II的mRNA表达水平。结果口服天麻川芎水煎剂可显著降低自发高血压大鼠的血浆、心肌及主动脉的REN和Ang-II水平;可显著降低SHR心肌及主动脉REN和Ang-II mRNA的表达。结论天麻川芎对SHR的肾素血管紧张素系统有抑制作用。     

氧化苦参碱对自发性高血压大鼠血流动力学的影响

目的探讨氧化苦参碱(OMT)对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血流动力学的影响。方法 10周龄WKY为正常对照组(A组)和正常给药对照组(B组),分别灌服0.9%NaCl溶液或氧化苦参碱小剂量(30μg/g)。另取10周龄SHR,随机分为4组,每组10只:SHR对照组(C组),给予0.9%NaCl溶液;西药阳性对照组(D组),每日灌服卡托普利40μg/g;治疗组(氧化苦参碱小、大剂量组),给予氧化苦参碱30、60μg/g(E组、F组)。连续给药21周。分别于给药前1周,给药后每隔2周测定1次血压。给药结束后,导管经颈总动脉插入左心室测量左心室收缩压(LVSP)、左室舒张末期压(LVEDP)、左室收缩/舒张最大速率(±dp/dtmax)等血流动力学指标。结果与WKY正常对照组比较,WKY正常给药对照组各指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与WKY正常对照组比较,SHR对照组收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、LVEDP升高,±dp/dtmax降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);LVSP差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与SHR对照组比较,氧化苦参碱小、大剂量组及西药阳性对照组在给药后3～18周时SBP、DBP降低(P<0.05);氧化苦参碱大剂量组和西药阳性对照组LVSP升高,LVEDP降低(P<0.05);氧化苦参碱小、大剂量组和西药阳性对照组±dp/dtmax升高(P<0.01)。结论 OMT能降低SHR的血压,改善左心室收缩和舒张功能,对SHR心室重构、心力衰竭的发展有一定的抑制、延缓作用。     

复方一把针胶囊对自发性高血压大鼠血压和肾脏的影响

目的观察复方一把针胶囊对自发性高血压(SHR)大鼠血压和肾脏的影响。方法 30只SHR大鼠随机分为模型组、卡托普利组和复方一把针组各10只,另将10只Wistar大鼠作为正常组。卡托普利组给予卡托普利片22.5mg/(kg·d),复方一把针组给予复方一把针胶囊15.5g/(kg·d),正常组和模型组给予等量生理盐水灌胃,连续8周。于给药前和给药后2、4、6、8周测定各组大鼠收缩压和舒张压,测定给药前后各组大鼠血尿素(Urea)、肌酐(Crea)水平和尿中微量白蛋白(mAlb)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)水平,实验末取肾脏常规病理HE染色观察肾小管损伤。结果模型组大鼠给药后各时间点收缩压、舒张压明显高于同时间点正常组(P0.01);除复方一把针组给药后2周,卡托普利组和复方一把针组给药后各时间点大鼠收缩压、舒张压较同时间点模型组降低(P0.05或P0.01)。给药后模型组大鼠血mAlb、NAG水平较正常组明显升高(P0.01);卡托普利组和复方一把针组大鼠NAG水平较模型组显著降低(P0.05或P0.01)。模型组大鼠肾脏病变明显,复方一把针胶囊可以使得肾脏细小动脉病变略有减轻。结论复方一把针胶囊可以减轻肾脏病变程度,降低血压,达到治疗高血压肾病及其肾损害的目的。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.     

瑞香科五属植物中酚性聚合物的结构特征、分布及药理活性研究进展

瑞香科植物广泛分布于世界热带和温带地区,其中多种植物可供药用。在对该科植物的研究中发现,黄酮类、木脂素和香豆素等酚性化合物的低聚体为其重要的特征性成分,药理活性主要表现在抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌和抗病毒等方面。对已发现的酚性聚合体的化学结构、植物来源及药理活性进行综述,为瑞香科植物今后的研究和开发利用提供参考。     

HPLC法同时测定沉香化滞丸中11种成分

目的采用HPLC梯度洗脱法同时测定沉香化滞丸中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚11种成分。方法采用Thermo Syncronis C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为水-乙腈,梯度洗脱:0～10 min,20%乙腈;10～20 min,20%～40%乙腈;20～24 min,40%乙腈;24～26 min,40%～52%乙腈;26～30 min,52%乙腈;30～31 min,52%～90%乙腈;31～35 min,90%乙腈;35～40 min,90%～100%乙腈;40～43min,100%乙腈;43～45min,100%～20%乙腈;检测波长215nm,体积流量1.0m L/min,柱温30℃,进样量20μL。结果各成分在43 min内分离良好,沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚的线性范围分别为1.4～13.6、10.0～200.0、31.5～315.0、1.0～120.1、1.8～50.6、0.93～10.1、1.8～30.0、0.2～40.3、1.8～18.1、1.7～25.0、0.45～10.70μg/mL;样品中各成分的平均回收率均在98.90%～100.87%;11种成分精密度RSD在0.55%～1.54%;供试品溶液在30 h内稳定性良好,RSD在0.75%～1.94%;重复性RSD在0.39%～1.73%。6批次样品中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚质量分数分别为92.0～201.0、511.5～9 033.0、5 475.0～12 635.5、54.5～5 095.5、192.0～2 137.5、117.0～391.5、106.5～1 281.5、13.0～136.5、93.5～199.0、177.0～1 207.0、33.5～251.5μg/g。结论本方法准确、快速、简便,重复性好,精密度高,适用于沉香化滞丸中多种活性成分的定量分析。