正交试验优选甘遂醋制最佳工艺

目的:确定醋甘遂饮片的最佳炮制工艺。方法:以大戟二烯醇含量为指标,醋的用量、炒制温度和炒制时间为考察因素,采用正交试验优选醋甘遂饮片的最佳炮制工艺。结果:醋的用量为30%,炒制温度控制在260℃,炒制时间为7 min。结论:优选出的醋甘遂炮制工艺稳定可行,重现性好。     

有毒中药甘遂醋炙工艺研究

目的优选醋甘遂最佳炮制工艺。方法以毒效部位特征峰峰面积之和及外观性状为指标,采用L9(34)正交试验,对加醋量、炒制温度、炒制时间三因素进行考察。结果优选的最佳醋炙工艺为加醋量30%,230℃炒制30min。结论该研究可为醋甘遂的炮制和饮片的质量控制提供科学依据。     

醋艾炭炮制工艺优选

目的:优选醋艾炭饮片炮制工艺.方法:以小鼠凝血、止血时间,总黄酮下降率及外观性状为指标,选取炒制温度、炒制时间、喷醋量为考察因素,采用L9(34)正交试验法对醋艾炭炮制工艺进行优选.结果:醋艾炭最佳炮制工艺为炒制温度360℃,炒制16 min,喷醋量15％.结论:优选的炮制工艺合理、稳定.     

天山假狼毒最佳炮制工艺前后薄层鉴别与含量测定对比研究

目的确定醋天山假狼毒饮片的最佳炮制工艺,比较炮制前后薄层鉴别与含量。方法以天山假狼毒的有效成分狼毒乙素作为确定最佳炮制工艺的考察指标,以醋的用量、炒制温度和炒制时间为影响因素,采用正交试验法L9(34)优选出了醋天山假狼毒饮片的最佳炮制工艺,分别采用薄层鉴别法(TLC)与高效液相法(HPLC)对天山假狼毒炮制前后进行定性和定量比较。结果醋天山假狼毒的优化炮制工艺,醋的用量为40%,炒制温度控制在140℃,炒制时间10min,采用薄层色谱法,分别以狼毒乙素为对照,以环己烷-乙酸乙酯(8.5∶1.5)为展开剂,进行定性鉴别;以流动相乙腈(A%)-水(B%)梯度洗脱,进行定量鉴别。结论优选出的醋天山假狼毒炮制工艺可行,值得推广,天山假狼毒所含主要有效成分狼毒乙素含量差异较大,但薄层鉴别差异小。     

多信息G1-熵权组合赋权法优选醋当归炮制工艺

目的:运用多信息G1-熵权组合赋权法优选醋当归饮片的炮制工艺。方法:采用L9(34)正交试验设计,以阿魏酸含量、醇浸出物含量、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)和凝血酶时间(TT)组成的综合评分为指标,采用G1-熵权组合赋权法计算各指标的权重系数,考察炒制温度、炒制时间、米醋用量和闷润时间对醋当归炮制工艺的影响,进而确定醋当归的最优炮制工艺参数。结果:G1-熵权组合赋权法确定PT、APTT、TT、阿魏酸和醇浸出物的权重系数分别为0.451 7、0.231 6、0.130 6、0.104 6、0.081 6,醋当归的最佳炮制工艺为每100 g当归饮片加米醋15 mL,闷润1 h,150℃炒制20 min。结论:联合凝血功能指标证实优选的醋当归炮制工艺稳定可靠,可为醋制中药炮制工艺研究提供参考。     

Box-Behnken设计-效应面法优选醋香附炮制工艺

目的优选醋炙香附的最佳炮制工艺。方法以α-香附酮的含量、醇浸膏得率、外观性状为评价指标,采用BoxBehnken设计-效应面法考察闷润时间、炒制温度、炒制时间对其质量的影响,优选醋香附的炮制工艺参数。结果香附最佳醋炙工艺为闷润时间75 min,炒制温度145℃,炒制时间8.5 min。结论优选的醋香附炮制工艺合理可行,可制备出质量可控的醋香附饮片。     

基于毒性成分转化的甘遂醋炙工艺优选

优选基于代表性毒性二萜成分转化的醋甘遂最佳炮制工艺,为醋甘遂的标准化生产提供参考。以甘遂中毒性较大的代表性二萜成分3-O-(2′E,4′Z-癸二烯酰基)-20-O-乙酰基巨大戟二萜醇(3-O-EZ)和大戟萜酯C(KPC)及其醋炙转化产物巨大戟二萜醇(ingenol)和20-去氧巨大戟二萜醇(20-deoxyingenol)为研究对象,分别采用人正常结肠黏膜上皮细胞(NCM460)和人结肠癌细胞(HT-29)进行肠毒性和泻水药效评价,并建立毒性成分转化的HPLC评价方法,探究甘遂醋炙转化规律。基于该转化规律,以转化产物ingenol和20-deoxyingenol总含量为目标,以炮制温度、炮制时间和醋用量为关键工艺参数,运用Box-Behnken响应面法优选醋甘遂的最佳炮制工艺并进行验证。结果显示甘遂醋炙后,毒性较大的双酯型3-O-EZ和KPC经酯键断裂先转化为单酯型3-O-(2′E,4′Z-癸二烯酰基)巨大戟二萜醇(3-EZ)和5-O-苯甲酰基-20-去氧巨大戟二萜醇(5-O-Ben),最终转化为几乎无毒性的ingenol和20-deoxyingenol,同时,其泻水药效得以保留。所建...     

基于止咳作用的虎耳草醋制工艺研究

目的优选虎耳草醋制工艺。方法 L9(34)正交设计试验,以用醋量、浸润时间、炒制温度、炒制时间为考察因素,以化学指标原儿茶酸、岩白菜素含量和药效学指标小鼠咳嗽潜伏期及咳嗽次数综合加权评分,优选虎耳草醋制工艺。结果米醋用量为55%、浸润时间为2h、炒制温度控制在80℃、炒制时间为20 min时为醋制虎耳草最佳炮制工艺。结论优选出的醋虎耳草炮制工艺稳定可行,重复性好,止咳作用较强,可为虎耳草药材的炮制提供指导。     

醋商陆饮片的炮制工艺研究

目的确定醋商陆饮片的最佳炮制工艺。方法选择炒制温度、炒制时间和加醋量3个因素,采用L9(34)正交试验设计,以RP-HPLC法测定炮制品中活性成分商陆皂苷甲的量,以小鼠胃肠道试验评价刺激性毒性,通过多指标综合评分法优选醋商陆的炮制工艺。结果优选出的醋商陆炮制工艺为:加入30%醋拌匀,闷润至醋被吸尽,于120℃炒制30 min。结论优选出的醋商陆炮制工艺稳定可行,重现性好。     

醋艾叶饮片炮制工艺研究

目的优选醋艾叶最佳炮制工艺。方法以外观性状和总黄酮含有量为评价指标,采用L9(34)正交试验法,优选醋艾叶的最佳炮制工艺。结果醋艾叶最佳炮制工艺为取净艾叶适量,加入15%的醋(每100 g艾叶加醋15 g),加入前与适量水混匀,淋入净艾叶中拌匀,闷润至醋被吸尽,220℃(锅底温度)炒制28 min。结论确定的醋艾叶炮制工艺稳定可行,可制备出优质稳定的醋艾叶饮片,并可达到降低毒性的炮制目的。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.     

瑞香科五属植物中酚性聚合物的结构特征、分布及药理活性研究进展

瑞香科植物广泛分布于世界热带和温带地区,其中多种植物可供药用。在对该科植物的研究中发现,黄酮类、木脂素和香豆素等酚性化合物的低聚体为其重要的特征性成分,药理活性主要表现在抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌和抗病毒等方面。对已发现的酚性聚合体的化学结构、植物来源及药理活性进行综述,为瑞香科植物今后的研究和开发利用提供参考。     

HPLC法同时测定沉香化滞丸中11种成分

目的采用HPLC梯度洗脱法同时测定沉香化滞丸中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚11种成分。方法采用Thermo Syncronis C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为水-乙腈,梯度洗脱:0～10 min,20%乙腈;10～20 min,20%～40%乙腈;20～24 min,40%乙腈;24～26 min,40%～52%乙腈;26～30 min,52%乙腈;30～31 min,52%～90%乙腈;31～35 min,90%乙腈;35～40 min,90%～100%乙腈;40～43min,100%乙腈;43～45min,100%～20%乙腈;检测波长215nm,体积流量1.0m L/min,柱温30℃,进样量20μL。结果各成分在43 min内分离良好,沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚的线性范围分别为1.4～13.6、10.0～200.0、31.5～315.0、1.0～120.1、1.8～50.6、0.93～10.1、1.8～30.0、0.2～40.3、1.8～18.1、1.7～25.0、0.45～10.70μg/mL;样品中各成分的平均回收率均在98.90%～100.87%;11种成分精密度RSD在0.55%～1.54%;供试品溶液在30 h内稳定性良好,RSD在0.75%～1.94%;重复性RSD在0.39%～1.73%。6批次样品中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚质量分数分别为92.0～201.0、511.5～9 033.0、5 475.0～12 635.5、54.5～5 095.5、192.0～2 137.5、117.0～391.5、106.5～1 281.5、13.0～136.5、93.5～199.0、177.0～1 207.0、33.5～251.5μg/g。结论本方法准确、快速、简便,重复性好,精密度高,适用于沉香化滞丸中多种活性成分的定量分析。