Saponin Accumulation in Flower Buds of Panax notoginseng

Objective Panax notoginseng is an important Chinese medicinal plant. Saponin accumulation is higher in the flower buds than in the other parts of P. notoginseng. However, the flower bud compositions have not yet been quantified. The aim of this study is to investigate the formation and accumulation of saponins in the flower buds of P. notoginseng from different populations and at different growth years. Methods Fourteen types of P. notoginseng with different growing durations and from different areas of Wenshan County, Yunnan Province were collected. We separated P. notoginseng individually into the flower buds, stems, leaves, and roots at the places where it has the highest saponin content. An efficient high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method was developed for simultaneously quantifying two active saponins, ginsenoside Rb1 and ginsenoside Rb3, in the flower buds of P. notoginseng. The total saponin content was determined by using a quantitative vanillin-sulfuric acid colorimetric method. HPLC method was used to establish the fingerprints of 13 saponins and then quantify the composition in the whole plant of P. notoginseng. Results The saponin contents of different parts differ significantly, and the total saponin content and those of Rb1 and Rb3 do not entirely correlated. The flower buds of P. notoginseng contain 27.79% of total saponins, which is the highest saponin content in the whole plant. Fingerprint result showed that different saponins were appeared in different parts of the plant, i.e. flower buds, stems, leaves, and roots.Conclusion The saponin contents from the flower buds of P. notoginseng vary depending on the growth area and duration. The fingerprints show that the saponin contents and compositions vary depending on the part of P. notoginseng. These results are useful for the pharmacological evaluation and quality control of P. notoginseng.     

Smashing Tissue Extraction and HPLC Determination of Paclitaxel and 10-Deacetylbaccatin from Taxus x media

Objective To optimize the extraction technology of Taxus x media by using the contents of Paclitaxel and 10-deacetylbaccatin(10-DAB) ,two representative active diterpene alkaloids of taxane type from T.x media,as evaluation standard.Methods The smashing tissue extraction(STE) of Paclitaxel and 10-DAB from T.x media,was investigated by comparing with ultrasonic extraction(UE) which was one of the modern technologies of extraction.Results STE was more efficient than UE,and the contents of 10-DAB and Paclitaxel in the extracts obtained by STE were higher than those by UE.Conclusion STE is a fast,high-performance,and energy-saving technology for the extraction of diterpene alkaloids of taxane type.STE also provides a simple,component-safe,workable,and highly efficient method for the extraction of active natural product.     

A New Homogenizing Technology to Obtain Rosmarinic Acid from Perilla Oil Meal

Objective To optimize the extraction technology of the active component, rosmarinic acid, an ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid, in perilla oil meal for the first time by a new homogenizing technology called smashing tissue extraction (STE). Methods Orthogonal design was used to optimize the extraction condition. The content of rosmarinic acid was quantified from the methanol crude extract with the help of HPLC. Results The optimization of STE process to get rosmarinic acid from the perilla oil meal was the ratio of liquid to solid material at 10:1 and the power of extraction at 150 V, extracting twice (2 min for each time). Conclusion STE could be applied to extracting the active ingredients from the oil meals due to its high extraction efficiency. This new homogenizing technology has advantages on saving extraction time, raising extraction efficiency, and maintaining the temperature sensitive constituents.     

Smashing Tissue Extraction and GC Analysis of Active Fatty Acids from Oil Cake of Perilla Seeds

Objective To optimize the extraction technology of perilla seeds oil from the oil cake of perilla seeds(OCPS)by using the contents of active fatty acids as evaluation standard.Methods The fatty acids were extracted from OCPS,the residue of perilla seeds after cold-press,by smashing tissue extraction(STE),the new technology selected through comparing with classical leaching extraction(LE),Soxhlet extraction(SE),ultrasonic extraction(UE),and supercritical-CO2 fluid extraction(SFE).For optimized condition of STE,orthogonal test was designed and completed.The contents of five fatty acids in extracted oil and OCPS were determined by GC.Results The optimized extraction parameters were smashing for 1.5 min under extraction power of 150 W and 1:6 of the material/solvent ratio.The contents of five fatty acids in the oils extracted by five techniques from OCPS and determined by GC were as follows:α-linolenic acid(41.12%-51.81%),linoleic acid(15.38%-16.43%),oleic acid (18.93%-27.28%),stearic acid(2.56%-4.01%),and palmitic acid(7.38%-10.77%).Conclusion The results show that STE is the most efficient technology with the highest yield(LE:0.57%;SE:1.03%;UE:0.61%;SFE:0.80%;STE: 1.17%)and shortest time(LE:720 min;SE:360 min;UE:30 min;SFE:120 min;STE:1.5 min)among five tested extraction technologies.It is first reported using STE to extract herbal oil enriched with active fatty acids.     

Suitable soil moisture contents for water use efficiency and saponins accumulation in Panax notoginseng

Objective: The moisture content in the soil directly affects the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng, especially at the age of three years old. However, the suitable moisture for the growth of P. notoginseng is unknown. In this study, the effects of different soil moisture on the growth of P. notoginseng were studied. Methods: Four different water treatments (0.45 field capacity (FC), 0.60 FC, 0.70 FC, and 0.85 FC) were set up in Shilin County, Yunnan Province, China. The water consumption and daily dynamic of water consumption were determined daily (from April 21 to October 18, 2012), and the daily dynamic of water consumption under different weather conditions (sunny and rainy) was determined. The transpiration coefficient and water use efficiency were calculated through dry matter accumulation and total water consumption. Accumulation of saponins of roots of P. notoginseng were analyzed by HPLC after treated, and the soil moisture content suitable for the growth of P. notoginseng was estimated by regression fitting of the active ingredient accumulation and the soil moisture content. Results: The water consumption of 0.85 FC, 0.70 FC, 0.60 FC and 0.45 FC were 2.89, 3.68, 3.37 and 2.73 kg/plant per day, respectively. The water consumption of P. notoginseng from June to August was greater than other months. The daily dynamic of water consumption on sunny days and sunny days after rain showed a “double peak” feature, and it showed a “single peak” feature on rainy days. The water uses efficiency (WUE) of 0.85 FC, 0.70 FC, 0.60 FC and 0.45 FC were 2.51, 3.32, 4.59, 3.39 gDW/kg H2O, respectively. The increase of soil moisture content would reduce the WUE of P. notoginseng. With the increase of soil water content, the content of notoginsenoside R1 and ginsenoside Rg1 did not change significantly, while the content of ginsenoside Rb1 and Rd showed a decreasing trend. Conclusion: Soil moisture content significantly affected the water consumption of P. notoginseng, and when it was 56.4% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field, the sum of the four saponins of 100 strains of P. notoginseng was the highest.     

Simultaneous Determination of Saponins in Dripping Pills Made from Astragali Radix and Panax notoginseng by UPLC-ELSD

Objective To develop a simple and fast method for removing polyethylene glycol(PEG) and simultaneous determination of fives saponins, i.e. astragaloside IV, notoginsenoside R_1, ginsenoside Rg_1, ginsenoside Rb_1, and ginsenoside Rd in dripping pills made from Astragali Radix and Panax notoginseng. Methods The extraction method was based on a liquid-liquid extraction using water-saturated n-butanol and the quantitative determination was based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection(UPLC-ELSD). The chromatographic analysis was performed on an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column(100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) with a gradient elution of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution within a runtime of 15 min. Results Compared to different methods, the proposed method could remove the interference of PEG in formulation. And the calibration curves showed good linearity during the test ranges. The method was validated for limits of detection and quantification, precision, and reproducibility. The recoveries were within the range of 96.87%-99.97%. In addition, the verified method was firstly applied to determination of the five active ingredients in Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pills(QYDP) simultaneously.Conclusion The contents of five active ingredients are stable and homogeneous in QYDP, which indicates that the method could be readily utilized as a quality evaluation method for this traditional Chinese medicine dripping pills made from Astragali Radix and Panax notoginseng.     

Optimization of Smashing Tissue Extraction Technology of Schisandra chinensis Fruits by Orthogonal Test

Objective To optimize the extract technology of active lignins from the fruits of Schisandra chinensis. Methods The content of schizandrin, gomisin A, and deoxyschizandrin were selected as standards to evaluate the efficiency of smashing tissue extraction (STE). Solid-liquid ratio, extracting times, ethanol concentration, and extracting time were investigated through orthogonal test. Results The optimized conditions for STE were ten times amount of 80% EtOH, extracting for three times, and 2 min for each time. Conclusion STE could obtain relatively higher yield, simplicity of operation, and benefit for environment protection. It could be better choice for the extraction of S. chinensis.     

黄芩不同部位中15种黄酮类成分的含量测定及化学计量学研究

Objective: The aerial parts of Scutellaria baicalensis were used as Huangqin Tea for thousands of years and mainly contain flavonoids which contribute to its bioactivities. However, there is no appropriate quality evaluation method of Huangqin Tea, and three flavanones of isocarthamidin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide,carthamidin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, and isoscutellarein-8-O-β-D-glucuronide with high contents in the aerial parts have never been defined quantitatively. Here, an HPLC-DAD method for simultaneous determination of 15 flavonoids and systematically compared their contents and distribution in the roots,stems, leaves, and flowers of S. baicalensis was established.Methods: Under the HPLC-DAD chromatographic conditions, 77 batches of samples of S. baicalensis were analyzed. Meanwhile, the chromatographic fingerprint of different parts of S. baicalensis was established.Subsequently, principal component analysis(PCA), orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA), and clustering heat map were performed based on the contents of 15 flavonoids in different parts of S. baicalensis.Results: The results showed significant differences in the contents and distributions of 15 flavonoids among the different parts of S. baicalensis. The chemical composition of stems showed some similarities to leaves, and their contents were all lower than leaves. The contents of isocarthamidin-7-O-β–glucuronide [(106.66 66 ± 22.68) mg/g], carthamidin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide [(19.82 ± 11.17) mg/g],and isoscutellarein-8-O-β-D-glucuronide [(3.10 ± 1.73) mg/g] were the highest in leaves. The content of apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and chrysin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide were the highest in flowers. The contents of baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside, wogonin, alpinetin, and oroxylin A were higher in roots than in other parts.Conclusion: The method was fully validated and could be effectively used to characterize the contents and distributions of main flavonoids in the different parts of S. baicalensis. It may lay a foundation to establish the quality evaluation system for Huangqin Tea.     

Chemical Analysis of Xueshuantong Lyophilized Powder by LC-MS Profiling

Objective To elucidate the chemical components of Xueshuantong(XST) Lyophilized Powder and primarily disclose the chemical difference between XST and Panax notoginseng roots. Methods Liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry(LC-ESI-MS n) was used to profile the saponins in XST and P. notoginseng. Structural elucidation was based on spectral analyses of negative and positive ESI-MS3 data, and the comparison of the retention behaviors. Results The optimized LC-MS profiling approach enabled resolution of major saponins. The negative mode ESI-MS3 fragmentation gave diagnostic information on the nature(neutral loss 162 Da for Glc, 146 Da for Rha, and 132 Da for a pentose) and sequence(priority: terminal inner) of sugars and sapogenins(m/z 475 for protopanaxatriol; m/z 459 for protopanaxadiol), while the intact glycosyl portion could be characterized by characteristic Z0α+, C nα+, and C nβ+(n = 2 or 3) obtained in the positive mode. Ultimately, a total of 30 saponins were characterized from XST. Compared with the roots of P. notoginseng, three malonyl-ginsenosides, ginsenoside Rd, and gyponoside XVII(or its isomer) were almost undetectable, and showed potential significance for their differentiation. Conclusion The established LC-MS profiling approach is powerful for the chemical analysis of P. notoginseng and its preparations such as XST.     

Optimization for Preparation of Lemon-catalyzed Ginsenoside Rg3 by Response Surface Method

Objective Ginsenoside Rg3was prepared by converting protopanaxadiol(PPD)-type saponins using lemon juice as the catalyst.Methods Preparation of ginsenoside Rg3 was optimized by response surface method(RSM)based on a four-factor and five-level central composite design.Results The optimal yield of ginsenoside Rg3was predicted to be 75.98%in the combination of the factors(PPD-type saponins concentration of 23.6 mg/mL,lemon juice concentration of 97.6%at 85.7℃for 130.0 min)through the canonical analysis and ridge analysis with maximum responses.Under the optimum conditions,the actual yield of ginsenoside Rg3was 75.57%.Conclusion RSM is effective to optimize the preparation of ginsenoside Rg3by lemon-catalyzed PPD-type saponins.The achievement for the preparation of ginsenoside Rg3would promote the development of health-care production.     

人参属植物高温蒸制前后人参皂苷含量的变化和细胞毒活性研究

目的研究人参属植物人参Panax ginseng、三七P. notoginseng和西洋参P. quinquefolium高温蒸制前后主要人参皂苷的含量变化,并测定高温蒸制前后样品对4株肿瘤癌细胞的细胞毒活性。方法采用HPLC建立了测定22种皂苷含量的分析方法,测定这些皂苷在人参属植物及其高温蒸制品中的含量。用MTT法测定人参属植物及其高温蒸制品对4株人类癌细胞(人类骨髓癌HL-60细胞、肝癌SMMC-7721细胞、肺癌A-549细胞、乳腺癌SK-BR-3细胞)的细胞毒活性。结果从人参、三七和西洋参及高温蒸制后的样品中鉴定出22个皂苷,包括人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1、Rc、Rb2、Rd、Rk3、Rh4、Rk1、Rg5、Rb3、Rh3、Rk2,20(S)-人参皂苷Rh1、20(R)-人参皂苷Rh1、三七皂苷Fc、三七皂苷R1、绞股蓝皂苷IX、20(S/R)-三七皂苷Ft1、20(S/R)-人参皂苷Rg3、人参皂苷Rs3、人参皂苷Rh2。人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1、Rc、Rb2和Rd为人参的主要成分;人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1和Rd为西洋参的主要成分;人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1、Rd和三七皂苷R1为三七的主要成分,高温蒸制后这3种植物的主要成分全部转化为人参皂苷Rk3、Rh4、Rk1、Rg5和20(S/R)-人参皂苷Rg3,在高温蒸制后的三七中还检测到20(S)-人参皂苷Rh1和20(R)-人参皂苷Rh1。三七皂苷Fc、人参皂苷Rb3和绞股蓝皂苷IX为三七茎叶的主要成分,高温蒸制后转化为另外8个主要成分20(S/R)-三七皂苷Ft1,20(S/R)-人参皂苷Rg3、Rs3、Rk1、Rg5,20(S/R)-人参皂苷Rh2、Rh3和Rk2。细胞毒活性结果显示,高温蒸制三七的细胞毒活性比高温蒸制人参和高温蒸制西洋参强,高温蒸制三七的细胞毒活性比三七的活性强,说明高温蒸制后三七的细胞毒活性增强。结论人参、西洋参和三七经过高温蒸制后原来的主要成分基本消失,随之转化为其他主要成分,高温蒸制三七的细胞毒活性最强。     

三七中总皂苷含量测定的对照品筛选

目的: 考察选用不同皂苷类对照品为指标对样品中三七总皂苷含量测定的影响。 方法: 以人参皂苷Rg₁、人参皂苷Rb₁、三七皂苷R₁、三七总皂苷为对照品,香草醛-高氯酸显色,采用紫外分光光度法测定三七中三七总皂苷的含量。 结果: 以不同对照品为指标测定三七总皂苷含量时,结果存在明显差异。 结论: 紫外分光光度法测定三七及其制剂中总皂苷含量时,可用三七总皂苷作对照品,为含有三七的制剂含量测定提供较为可靠的实验数据。     

三七普通细粉与超微粉中三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rb1及人参皂苷Rg1体外溶出行为的比较研究

目的 研究三七普通细粉与超微粉中三七皂苷R₁、人参皂苷Rb₁及人参皂苷Rg₁的溶出行为,探讨粉体粒径对皂苷类成分溶出的影响。方法 采用桨法和HPLC技术同时分析不同粒径三七粉中三七皂苷R₁、人参皂苷Rb₁、人参皂苷Rg₁的体外溶出情况,比较不同粒径粉末的溶出速率。结果 超微粉碎后3种皂苷类成分的溶出速率均显著提高。结论 超微粉碎有助于三七饮片中皂苷类成分的溶出,粉碎粒度对有效成分的溶出有显著的影响。     

大鼠肠道菌群对三七总皂苷体外降解的研究

目的探究雌、雄大鼠肠道菌群对三七总皂苷中3种皂苷(三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1和人参皂苷Rb1)的体外降解作用。方法将三七总皂苷分别与雌、雄大鼠肠道菌群孵育液在厌氧条件下共同培养24 h,测定不同时间点孵育液中3种皂苷的量。结果雌、雄大鼠肠道菌群对人参皂苷Rb1均有降解作用,雄鼠的降解较雌鼠稍快。雌、雄鼠肠道菌群对三七皂苷R1和人参皂苷Rg1均无明显降解作用。结论在离体条件下,三七总皂苷中人参皂苷Rb1会被肠道菌群降解,而三七皂苷R1和人参皂苷Rg1则较为稳定。     

黄芪甲苷和三七的主要有效成分配伍对小鼠脑缺血再灌注后脑组织能量代谢的影响

目的研究黄芪甲苷和三七的主要有效成分人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1、三七皂苷R1分别配伍对小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后脑组织能量代谢的影响。方法 C57BL/6小鼠随机分组,连续给药3 d,末次给药1 h后,结扎双侧颈总动脉造成脑缺血20 min,再灌注24 h。采用HPLC法测定脑组织ATP、ADP、AMP水平,计算能荷(EC)值;采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法和Western-blotting法测定脑组织葡萄糖转运蛋白3(GLUT3)基因和蛋白表达。结果模型组脑组织ATP、ADP、AMP的量及EC值显著降低(P<0.01),GLUT3基因和蛋白表达显著增强(P<0.05)。黄芪甲苷、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1、三七皂苷R1、黄芪甲苷+人参皂苷Rg1、黄芪甲苷+人参皂苷Rb1、黄芪甲苷+三七皂苷R1均可显著增加脑组织ATP、ADP、AMP的量,增强脑组织GLUT3基因和蛋白表达,黄芪甲苷+人参皂苷Rg1、黄芪甲苷+人参皂苷Rb1和黄芪甲苷+三七皂苷R1改善上述指标的作用强于其单个有效成分;除4个有效成分单用外,黄芪甲苷+人参皂苷Rg1、黄芪甲苷+人参皂苷Rb1和黄芪甲苷+三七皂苷R1可显著增加EC值;黄芪甲苷+人参皂苷Rg1、黄芪甲苷+人参皂苷Rb1和黄芪甲苷+三七皂苷R1配伍对改善脑组织能量代谢指标具有协同或相加作用。结论黄芪甲苷和三七的主要有效成分可改善脑缺血再灌注损伤后脑组织能量代谢,促进缺血脑组织对能量物质的利用,黄芪甲苷与人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1、三七皂苷R1配伍对改善脑缺血后脑组织能量代谢具有增效作用。     

重金属Cd胁迫下三七主要药效成分与其合成关键酶DS和P450基因表达相关性研究

目的研究外源性镉(Cd)对三七主要药效成分合成中关键酶2,3-氧化鲨烯被达玛烯二醇合成酶(DS)和细胞色素P450单加氧酶(P450)基因表达的影响。方法设置9个Cd的质量分数梯度(0.0、0.1、0.3、0.6、1.0、3.0、6.0、10.0、30.0 mg/kg)分别对三七进行胁迫实验,两年后采集成熟三七,通过q RT-PCR检测手段对其根部DS及P450基因进行表达量测定,并以GAPDH基因作为内参基因进行DS及P450基因相对表达量的计算,通过相关性分析计算DS和P450基因表达与三七主要药效成分三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rg1以及总皂苷的相关性。结果 Cd在低质量分数下能促进DS的表达,高质量分数下抑制DS的表达;随着Cd质量分数的增加,对P450表达的抑制作用更加明显;而DS和P450基因表达与三七主要药效成分三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rg1以及总皂苷无显著相关性(P0.5)。结论重金属Cd对三七药效成分中关键酶DS和P450基因表达影响不同,对同一种酶,Cd质量分数不同其影响也不同。但主要药效成分并未因此受明显影响。     

三七体细胞胚发生及植株再生过程中主要皂苷成分的累积

目的 分析以栽培三七Panax notoginseng根为外植体诱导体细胞胚发生及植株再生过程中总皂苷及3种人参皂苷（人参皂苷Rg₁、Re、Rb₁）的累积规律。方法 采用分光光度法分析体细胞胚发生发育过程中不同时期的总皂苷累积量;采用高效液相色谱法测定3种人参皂苷（人参皂苷Rg₁、Re、Rb₁）的累积量。结果 体胚苗中的总皂苷质量分数最高,为7.79 %,占栽培三七根（8.61%）的90.48%,质量分数最低的为胚性愈伤组织,为2.47%。因材料的比生长速率存在差异,总皂苷累积效率的顺序为体胚苗＞前期体胚＞后期体胚＞胚性愈伤。对3种人参皂苷单体物质的分析显示：后期体胚中3种人参皂苷的量总和最大,为7.05 mg/g,胚性愈伤组织的最低,为2.78 mg/g;人参皂苷Rg₁在前期体胚时质量分数达到最高,为2.24 mg/g;人参皂苷Rb₁在后期体胚中的质量分数达到最高,为4.03 mg/g;人参皂苷Re在胚性愈伤组织中的量最高,为1.21 mg/g。3种人参皂苷的总累积效率在前期体胚中达到最大,为5.022 5 mg/(g·周),在体胚苗中最低,为1.947 4 mg/(g·周)。结论 总皂苷质量分数及累计效率均在体胚苗中达到最大值;3种人参皂苷总量及总累计效率分别在后期体胚和前期体胚中达到最大值。     

三七皂苷对神经系统疾病药理作用机制研究进展

通过综述三七皂苷,包括三七总皂苷、三七三醇皂苷、三七二醇皂苷、人参皂苷Rg₁、人参皂苷Rb₁、人参皂苷Re和三七皂苷R₁对神经系统疾病(阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、缺血性脑中风和抑郁症)的药理作用,对比分析三七皂苷对神经系统疾病的药理作用研究热点及潜在优势(如类雌激素作用),为进一步的药理研究提供参考,也为临床上对神经系统疾病的治疗、药物的研究开发提供新的思路。     

一测多评法测定人参花中7种人参皂苷含量

目的 在同时测定人参花中7种人参皂苷含量的基础上,建立7种人参皂苷成分一测多评方法,验证一测多评方法在人参花中人参皂苷含量测定上的可行性。方法 采用HPLC-UV法,以10批不同来源的人参花药材为研究对象,以人参皂苷Re为内参物测定其与人参皂苷Rg₁、Rg₂、Rb₁、Rc、Rb₂、Rd的相对校正因子,计算出各皂苷的含量,比较计算值与外标法实测值的差异。结果 人参花中6种人参皂苷Rg₁、Rg₂、Rb₁、Rc、Rb₂、Rd的相对校正因子分别为1.07、1.05、0.81、0.80、0.64、0.84,10批药材中6种人参皂苷的相对校正因子重复性良好,含量用一测多评方法测定与采用外标法测定时的实测值差异不显著。结论 在短缺人参皂苷对照品的情况下,可采用一测多评法方法,通过相对校正因子测定人参花中人参皂苷Rg₁、Re、Rg₂、Rb₁、Rc、Rb₂、Rd的含量。     

黄芪甲苷与三七有效成分配伍对小鼠脑缺血再灌注后神经细胞凋亡和内质网应激的影响

目的从内质网应激角度探讨黄芪甲苷和三七主要有效成分配伍对小鼠脑缺血再灌注后神经细胞凋亡的影响和作用机制。方法将 C57BL/6 小鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、黄芪甲苷(ASTIV,40 mg/kg)组、人参皂苷Rg1(Rg1,50 mg/kg))组、人参皂苷Rb1(Rb1,40 mg/kg)组、三七皂苷R1(R1,10 mg/kg)组、4 种有效成分配伍(ASTIV+Rg1+Rb1+R1)组、ASTIV+Rg1 组、ASTIV+Rb1 组、ASTIV+R1 组及阳性对照依达拉奉组。各组小鼠预先给药3 d 后,夹闭双侧颈总动脉造成脑缺血再灌注模型,再灌注24 h 后,TUNEL 法检测海马CA1 区神经细胞凋亡,计算凋亡率;Western-blotting 法测定脑组织半胱氨酸天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)、葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)、Caspase-12 和磷酸化的c-jun 氨基末端激酶1/2(p-JNK1/2)蛋白表达。结果脑缺血 20 min 再灌注24 h 后,小鼠海马CA1 区神经细胞凋亡率和Caspase-3 蛋白表达量增加。各给药组均能降低海马CA1 区神经细胞凋亡率,抑制Caspase-3 蛋白的表达。且ASTIV+Rg1 与ASTIV+R1 降低凋亡率和Caspase-3 蛋白表达的效应分别强于各有效成分单用;4 种有效成分配伍降低细胞凋亡率的效应强于各有效成分单用及ASTIV+Rb1,抑制Caspase-3 蛋白表达的效应强于各有效成分单用及ASTIV+Rb1、ASTIV+R1。脑缺血再灌注后,小鼠脑组织GRP78和Caspase-12、p-JNK1/2 蛋白表达增多,ASTIV、Rg1、R1 及各配伍组均能进一步上调脑组织GRP78 蛋白表达,且各有效成分配伍的效应分别强于各有效成分单用,4 种有效成分配伍的效应强于ASTIV+Rb1 及ASTIV+R1。R1、4 种有效成分配伍、ASTIV+Rg1、ASTIV+R1 均能降低Caspase-12 蛋白的表达,4 种有效成分配伍的效应强于各有效成分单用及ASTIV+Rb1。ASTIV、Rg1、4 种有效成分配伍、ASTIV+Rg1、ASTIV+Rb1 组脑组织p-JNK1/2 蛋白表达显著减少,4 种有效成分配伍下调p-JNK1/2 的效应强于各有效成分单用及ASTIV+Rg1、ASTIV+R1。结论黄芪甲苷与三七的主要有效成分配伍能增强对脑缺血再灌注后神经细胞凋亡的抑制作用,其机制与通过不同环节减轻内质网应激有关。ASTIV+Rb1 可能主要作用于JNK 通路,ASTIV+R1 可能主要作用于Caspase-12 通路,而4 种有效成分配伍和ASTIV+Rg1 均能作用于Caspase-12 和JNK 通路。