Antipyretic studies on some indigenous Pakistani medicinal plants: II

Eight Pakistani medicinal plants were investigated for antipyretic activity in rabbits receiving subcutaneous yeast injections. Hexane- and chloroform-soluble extracts of Aconitum napellus stems, Corchorus depressus whole plant and Gmelina asiatica roots exhibited prominent oral antipyretic activity while insignificant antipyretic effects were found in the hexane- and chloroform-soluble portions of Melia azadirachta seeds, Tinospora cordifolia stems and Vitex trifolia seeds. No antipyretic actions whatsoever were produced by extracts of A. heterophyllum roots and Hedysarum alhagi aerial parts. Toxicity studies revealed no noteworthy toxic or adverse effects for any of the above plant extracts up to the highest oral doses of 1.6 g/kg except in the case of A. napellus.     

Studies on the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties of the leaves of Aegle marmelos Corr

The serial extracts of the leaves of Aegle marmelos Corr. were investigated for anti-inflammatory property. The analgesic and antipyretic properties were also evaluated. The most of the extracts derived from the plant Aegle marmelos caused a significant inhibition of the carrageenan-induced paw oedema and cotton-pellet granuloma in rats. The extracts also produced marked analgesic activity by reduction the early and late phases of paw licking in mice. A significant reduction in hyperpyrexia in rats was also produced by the most of the extracts. This study was established anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antipyretic activities of the leaves of Aegle marmelos.     

The antipyretic activity of some Moroccan medicinal plants

The antipyretic activity of different extracts from Calotropis procera, Cotula cinerea and Zygophyllum gaetulum was investigated experimentally in rats. The antipyretic effect was retained in all extracts tested and was comparable to that of acetylsalicylic acid used as the standard drug.     

Anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extracts from Ventilago harmandiana Pierre

Methanolic extracts from the heart wood, stem bark, and stem wood of Ventilago harmandiana Pierre (Family Rhamnaceae) were assessed for anti-inflammatory effects using both acute and chronic inflammatory models. Analgesic and antipyretic activities of the extracts were also evaluated. It was found that all extracts possessed strong inhibitory effects on the acute phase of inflammation as seen in ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP)- and arachidonic acid (AA)-induced ear edema as well as in carrageenin-induced paw edema in rats. The extracts elicited only weak inhibitory activity on cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation, a subchronic inflammatory model. In the analgesic test, all extracts exerted pronounced inhibitory activity in acetic acid-induced writhing response but showed only weak effects in the tail-flick test. The extracts also showed excellent antipyretic activity on yeast-induced hyperthermia in rats.     

Antipyretic properties of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of the leaves of Ocimum suave and Ocimum lamiifolium in mice

Numerous plant species are used to treat ailments associated with pyrexia in the indigenous health care delivery system of Ethiopia. Notable among these are Ocimum suave and Ocimum lamiifolium. The objective of the present study was thus to evaluate the antipyretic effects of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of the leaves of Ocimum suave and Ocimum lamiifolium in mice. Rectal temperatures were recorded before and after inducing pyrexia as well as after administration of the respective extracts every half an hour for 3h. Parallel experiments were run with a standard antipyretic (acetylsalicylic acid) and the vehicle (distilled water). All the plant extracts showed antipyretic property with reasonable onset and duration of action. Both ethanol and aqueous extracts of Ocimum suave were observed to be more potent than those of Ocimum lamiifolium. Aqueous extract of Ocimum suave and ethanol extract of Ocimum lamiifolium were more potent than their other counterpart extracts. Time dependent antipyretic effect was also observed with some extracts; reduced with time with aqueous extract of Ocimum suave and increased with time with both extracts of Ocimum lamiifolium.     

Pharmacological properties of Visnea mocanera L. f. extracts: Screening for analgesic,antipyretic, antiinflammatory and ulcerogenic activities in rodents

Different extracts of Visnea mocanera L. f. (Theaceae) were evaluated for analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory and ulcerogenic properties in mice and rats. The acetone extract from the leaves and the syrup from the fruits exerted central analgesic properties, associated with significant but transient antiinflammatory effects on acute inflammatory processes. The acetone extract also possessed topical antiinflammatory effects. The extracts assayed did not display antipyretic and ulcerogenic activity. Sub-acute toxicological experiments indicated a very low toxicity in mice.     

栽培黄芩和野生黄芩抗炎、解热和免疫作用比较研究

目的:探讨栽培黄芩和野生黄芩的抗炎、解热作用和对非特异性免疫功能的影响,并比较它们的药效。方法:以巴豆油致小鼠耳肿胀法和醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管渗出法比较栽培黄芩与野生黄芩的抗炎作用;以干酵母致大鼠发热法比较其解热作用;采用碳廓清实验比较其对非特异性免疫功能的影响。结果:栽培黄芩和野生黄芩均能明显抑制巴豆油致小鼠耳肿胀和小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加、降低干酵母致大鼠发热模型的体温、提高小鼠碳廓清指数(K)值和吞噬指数(α)值。结论:栽培黄芩和野生黄芩都具有抗炎、解热作用,可提高非特异性免疫功能。药效学比较两者无显著性差异,为栽培黄芩代替野生黄芩提供了实验依据。     

两种不同挥发油含量柴胡制剂药效作用研究

目的:对比两种不同挥发油含量柴胡制剂的抗炎、镇痛、解热作用。方法:分别采用二甲苯致炎剂所致小鼠耳廓肿胀实验,醋酸引起小鼠疼痛扭体实验,干酵母致大鼠发热实验,观察两种柴胡制剂的抗炎、镇痛、解热作用,并比较二者差异。结果:采用抗炎、镇痛、解热三种动物模型研究表明,普通柴胡浸膏5g生药/kg、10g生药/kg,富集挥发油的柴胡浸膏5g生药/kg、10g生药/kg均可显著减轻二甲苯所致的小鼠耳肿胀,减少醋酸所致的小鼠扭体反应次数,降低干酵母引起的大鼠体温升高,其中富集挥发油的柴胡浸膏的抗炎活性优于普通柴胡浸膏,但镇痛和解热活性两种浸膏无显著性差异。结论:两种不同挥发油含量柴胡浸膏均具有明显的抗炎、镇痛和解热作用,但柴胡挥发油抗炎活性较高。     

炮制对栀子部分成分及解热作用的影响

对栀子生品及４种不同炮制品的水溶性浸出物、栀子甙、鞣质含量进行了测定，观察了上述５种样品醇提液的解热作用。结果表明，栀子炮制后各成分含量均有改变，栀子生品解热作用最强。     

Pharmacological activities of extracts of Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe) Hutch. and Dalz. (Leguminosae)

Extracts of the stem bark of Daniellia oliveri using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol were tested for analgesic, antipyretic and antiinflammatory activities. The hexane extract exhibited a dose related analgesic activity whilst the methanolic extract was active in the induced inflammatory condition. The ethyl acetate extract was relatively inactive and none of the extracts showed any antipyretic activity. Metabolic cage studies showed that a 70% ethanolic extract of the bark caused significant decreases in body weight, food intake, urine and stool output of rats. This extract also exhibited a competitive antagonism on histamine-induced contractions of the guinea-pig ileum and a non-competitive inhibition of acetyl choline-induced contraction of the frog rectus abdominis muscle.