满药赤雹果不同成分抗菌活性研究

目的:研究赤雹果不同提取物体内、外抗菌活性,筛选抗菌活性提取物。方法:体外抗菌实验采用营养肉汤对金黄色葡萄球菌等14个菌株进行试管连续稀释法和营养琼脂扩散法测定赤雹果不同提取物的最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度。采用金黄色葡萄球菌26002-6标准株感染昆明种小鼠作为模型测定赤雹果不同提取物对该小鼠的保护作用。结果:赤雹果挥发油对标准菌株:金黄色葡萄球菌26001-26、金黄色葡萄球菌26002-6、大肠杆菌44102-3a3、白色葡萄球菌26069-5、甲型副伤寒杆菌50001-25、乙型副伤寒杆菌50076-1、伤寒杆菌50071-10的MIC分别为0.17,0.08,0.33,0.17,0.33,0.33,0.66 g.L-1,MBC分别为0.17,0.17,0.33,0.33,0.66,0.66,1.32 g.L-1;对临床分离菌株:金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌0415、大肠杆菌0416、粪肠球菌0318、奇异变形杆菌、鲍曼不动杆菌0207、肺炎链球菌09030813的MIC分别为0.66,0.66,0.66,0.66,0.08,0.66,1.32 g.L-1,MBC分别为1.32,1.32,1.32,1.32,0.08,1.32,2.64 g.L-1。赤雹果水提物和赤雹果多糖仅对部分细菌有作用。赤雹果挥发油和赤雹果多糖对金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠具有明显保护作用,小鼠平均存活天数为(5.90±1.79),(4.89±2.03)d;赤雹果水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠保护作用较弱。结论:赤雹果抗菌活性部位为挥发油及多糖类成分。     

扭肚藤水煎液体外抗菌活性研究

目的:研究扭肚藤水煎液对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠埃希氏菌的体外抗菌活性,为临床规范使用该药提供实验依据。方法:制备扭肚藤水煎液,采用牛津杯法初筛检测其抑菌作用,再分别应用液体培养基2倍稀释法和琼脂平板法检测其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果:扭肚藤水煎液对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠埃希氏菌均有较强的抑菌作用。扭肚藤提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌MIC为62. 5mg/L,MBC为125mg/ml;对大肠埃希菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的MIC均为125mg/L,MBC均为250mg/ml。     

银黄注射液体外抗菌作用研究

目的了解银黄注射液有无体外抗菌作用。方法采用二倍稀释法,将不同浓度药物与葡萄球菌、链球菌、G-杆菌、卡他双球菌、白色念珠菌等11类菌种,共105个试验菌株体外培养,测定MIC50,MBC50。结果银黄注射液对金葡菌、表葡菌的MIC50为2.75 mg/ml,MBC50为5.5 mg/ml;对肺炎链球菌MIC50为5.5 mg/ml,MBC50为22 mg/ml;对流感、变形、肺炎杆菌的MIC50为11 mg/ml,MBC50为22 mg/ml及44 mg/ml;对链球菌、绿脓杆菌、卡他双球菌、白色念珠菌的MIC50为22mg/ml,MBC50为44 mg/ml。结论银黄注射液在体外对金葡菌、表葡菌、肺炎链球菌等呼吸道常见致病菌有较好的抑菌和杀菌作用。     

蛇鳞草提取液体外抑菌作用研究

目的 对蛇鳞草提取液体外抑菌作用进行初步研究.方法 采用试管二倍稀释法测定蛇鳞草的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC).结果 蛇鳞草水提液对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为63 mg/ml,MBC为500 mg/ml,对大肠杆菌的MIC为250 mg/ml.蛇鳞草醇提液对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为125 mg/ml,MBC为500 mg/ml,对大肠杆菌的MIC为250 mg/ml,MBC为500 mg/ml.两种提取液对绿脓杆菌均未呈现抑菌活性.结论蛇鳞草提取液具有一定的抑菌和杀菌活性.     

秦岭柴胡抗菌解热作用的实验研究

目的考察秦岭柴胡的解热、抗菌作用。方法采用二倍稀释法检测秦岭柴胡对大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、金葡菌的MIC、MBC;采用大肠杆菌内毒素家兔致热实验研究解热作用。结果秦岭柴胡根部和地上部分大肠杆菌、金葡菌、绿脓杆菌的MIC分别为9.12,18.25,18.25,306,153,153 mg/ml;根部MBC均为73 mg/ml。与模型对照组比较,秦岭柴胡根部大、中、小剂量组对内毒素致发热家兔降温作用显著(P<0.05)。结论秦岭柴胡具有较强的解热、抗菌作用。     

枫杨萘醌对常见菌的抗菌谱、最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度研究

目的研究枫杨抗菌单体5-羟基-2-乙氧基-1,4-萘醌体外抗菌谱和活性强度。方法用琼脂平板法测定抗菌谱;以左氧氟沙星和阿奇霉素作为对照,用试管二倍稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果该物质对常规菌株具有较为广泛的抗菌谱,对金黄色葡萄球菌(MIC为12.5μg.ml-1,MBC为50.0μg.ml-1)、大肠杆菌(MIC为6.25μg.ml-1,MBC为25.0μg.ml-1)、姜瘟菌(MIC为3.125μg.ml-1,MBC为6.25μg.ml-1)、蜡状芽孢杆菌(MIC为6.25μg.ml-1,MBC为25.0μg.ml-1)、白色念球菌(MIC为3.125μg.ml-1;MBC为12.5μg.ml-1)、沙门氏菌(MIC为25μg.ml-1;MBC为100.0μg.ml-1)有显著的拮抗作用。结论该物质抗菌谱较广,抗菌活性强度近似于左氧氟沙星,而远强于阿奇霉素。     

忍冬叶与忍冬花体外抗菌作用研究

目的:观察忍冬叶与忍冬花对5株致病菌的抗菌效果.方法:琼脂平板稀释法,测定忍冬叶与花的最低抑菌浓度(MIC);试管稀释法,测定忍冬叶与花的最低杀菌浓度(MBC).结果:忍冬叶对金葡菌ATCC25923、金葡菌临床分离株、葡萄球菌临床分离株、大肠埃希菌ATCC25922的MIC为0.0625～0.25g/ml;忍冬花对上述细菌的MIC为0.015～0.03g/ml;忍冬叶与花对金葡菌ATCC25923、葡萄球菌临床分离株和大肠埃希菌ATCC25922的MBC相同.结论:忍冬叶与忍冬花对4株致病菌均有不同程度抗菌作用,对白色念珠菌无明显抗菌作用.     

桑柏生发方的体外抑菌作用研究

目的:探讨桑柏生发方的体外抑菌作用.方法:通过稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),菌落法绘制时间-杀菌曲线.结果:桑柏生发方水煎剂对标准株金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌,临床分离株表皮葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的MIC为62.5～250mg/ml,MBC为125～500mg/ml;桑柏生发方搽剂对5种细菌的MIC为3.91～125mg/ml,MBC为15.63～250mg/ml.杀菌曲线表明,桑柏生发方在24h内可完全杀死金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和铜绿假单胞菌.结论:桑柏生发方水煎剂和搽剂在体外对多种细菌具有较强的杀菌作用.     

20种中草药提取物的体外抗菌作用研究

目的 测定20种云南中草药的80％乙醇提取物的体外抗菌活性.方法 制备20种中草药的醇提物,用琼脂打孔法对其进行抗菌活性的筛选,通过微量稀释法测定其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC).结果 20种中草药的醇提物中有7种对金黄色葡萄球菌(简称金葡菌)、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌和白色念珠菌有不同程度的抑制活性;对标准金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈大小在12 ～26 mm之间,耐甲氧西林金葡菌(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)抑菌活性在10～26 mm之间,MIC在16～＞1 024 mg·L-1之间,MBC在512～ ＞1 024mg·L-1之间.另外牡丹根对铜绿假单胞菌有有较好的抑制作用,抑菌圈大小分别为17 mm和18mm,其对铜绿假单胞菌的MIC/MBC为1 024/＞2 048 mg· L-1.20种中草药对大肠埃希菌和白色念珠菌的抑制作用均较弱.结论 马尾黄连、蜜桶花、石椒草、侧柏叶、田基黄、牡丹根、枇杷叶和胃友系具有强的抗MRSA活性的中草药,牡丹根对铜绿假单胞菌有较好的抑制作用.     

海木不同极性部位抑菌活性的初步观察

目的探讨海木不同极性部位的抑菌活性。方法采用系统溶剂法制备海木枝叶的不同极性部位,以大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、啤酒酵母、黑曲霉、青霉等6种菌作为供试菌种,分别以抑菌圈测定法和试管二倍稀释法检测海木不同极性部位的抑菌效果和最低抑菌质量浓度(MIC)、最低杀菌质量浓度(MBC)及其热稳定性。结果海木枝叶的三氯甲烷部位抑菌活性最强;三氯甲烷部位对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的MIC分别为0.037 5、0.037 5 g/mL;对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的MBC分别是0.075 0、0.075 0 g/mL;水部位的热稳定性较好。结论海木的抑菌活性部位为三氯甲烷部位,水部位的热稳定性较好。     

Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of Berberine Hydrochloride, Baicalein and Borneol against Candida albicans

Objective To determine the synergistic effects of berberine hydrochloride, baicalein,and borneol in different combinations on Candida albicans. Methods The broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration(MBC) of the three agents, and the checkerboard method was simultaneously used to determine the MIC and fractional inhibitory concentration index(FICI) of the combination of three antimicrobial agents to study their extracorporeal effects. Results Berberine hydrochloride was the most potent inhibitor of C. albicans(MIC and MBC of 0.160 and 0.640 mg/mL), followed by borneol(MIC and MBC of 0.320 and 0.640 mg/mL) and baicalein(MIC and MBC of 1.28 and 20.48 mg/mL). Moreover, the antifungal effect of the combination was significantly stronger than that tested alone. Further in vivo study showed that the mortality rate of tainted mice reduced over 50% compared with the control group. Conclusion The results of experiments in vitro and in vivo indicate the synergistic effect of the combination of three antimicrobial agents on C. albicans, which can make reference for the future clinical treatment.     

Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of Combination of Berberine Hydrochloride,Baicalein and Borneol against Candida albicans

Objective To determine the effects of combination of berberine hydrochloride, baicalein and borneol on Candida albicans. Methods The broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the three agents, and the checkerboard method was simultaneously used to determine the MIC and fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of the combination of three antimicrobial agents to study their extracorporeal effects. Results Berberine hydrochloride was the most potent inhibitor of C. albicans (MIC and MBC of 0.160 and 0.640 mg/mL), followed by borneol (MIC and MBC of 0.320 and 0.640 mg/mL) and baicalein (MIC and MBC of 1.28 and 20.48 mg/mL). Moreover, the antifungal effect of the combination was significantly stronger than that tested alone. Further in vivo study showed that the mortality rate of tainted mice reduced over 50% compared with the control group. Conclusion The results of experiments in vitro and in vivo indicate the synergistic effect of the combination of three antimicrobial agents on C. albicans, which can make reference for the future clinical treatment.     

黑老虎果皮体外抑菌活性的初步研究

目的研究黑老虎果皮及其提取物的体外抑菌效果,确定黑老虎果皮对伤寒沙门氏菌的最小抑菌浓度、最小杀菌浓度和有效部位。方法采用滤纸扩散法观察黑老虎果皮及其乙醇提取液和各相萃取液的抑菌作用;用二倍稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度。结果黑老虎果皮及其乙醇提取物对伤寒沙门氏菌有抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度为31.25mg/ml,最小杀菌浓度为125 mg/ml,抑菌物质主要存在于乙醚萃取相中。结论黑老虎果皮对伤寒沙门氏菌有显著地抑制作用。     

10种中草药提取物对痤疮致病菌的体外抑菌活性研究

目的：研究10种中草药对痤疮致病菌的体外抑菌活性。方法：制备10种中草药提取物,采用牛津杯抑菌圈法定性检测中草药对金黄色葡萄球菌和痤疮丙酸杆菌的抑菌活性,然后通过2倍稀释法定量检测其最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果：10种中草药提取物中大黄、黄柏、丁香、姜黄4种中草药对两种致病菌均有抑菌作用;其中大黄的抑菌效果最好,对金黄色葡萄球菌和痤疮丙酸杆菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为3.125、6.25mg/mL,最小杀菌浓度分别为6.25、12.50mg/mL。     

半夏泻心汤及其拆方抗幽门螺杆菌作用的研究

目的:探讨半夏泻心汤及其拆方抗Hp的作用.方法:运用琼脂扩散法、液体稀释法定性和定量检测半夏泻心汤及其拆方对Hp的抗菌作用 结果:在琼脂扩散法中,半夏泻心汤组对Hp抗菌作用优于辛温组和甘温组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);半夏泻心汤组略优于苦寒组,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).在液体稀释法中,半夏泻心汤对Hp的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)与最低杀菌浓度(MBC)均为15.63mg/mL;辛温组和苦寒组对Hp的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)与最低杀菌浓度(MBC)均分别为62.50 mg/mL、31.25mg/mL.均在实验检测的浓度范围内(1.95 mg/mL ～ 250.00 mg/mL).结论:半夏泻心汤有较明显的抗菌作用,其中起优势作用的药物以苦寒药为主.     

Screening of Chinese medicinal plants for inhibition against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Traditional herbs are a valuable source of novel antibacterials in combating pathogenic isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a global nosocomial problem. AIM OF THE STUDY: To assess in vitro anti-MRSA activity of extracts from Chinese herbs. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined in the setting of clinical MRSA isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A collection of 19 plant extracts were obtained and bioassay-guided phytochemical analysis performed. Antibacterial susceptibilities were screened for inhibitory zone and MICs/MBCs determined by serial dilution with a standardized microdilution broth methodology. 9 MRSA isolates and a standard control strain (ATCC 25923) were cultured and exposed to the plant extract and isolated compound. Vancomycin was used as a positive control agent. RESULTS: All the presented 19 plants showed anti-MRSA activity with MIC of 1.25-3.07mg/ml. The most active antimicrobial plants were Dendrobenthamia capitata, Elsholtzia rugulosa, Elsholtzia blanda, Geranium strictipes and Polygonum multiflorum (MIC< or =1.43mg/ml), and betulinic acid isolated from the active ethyl acetate fraction of Dendrobenthamia capitata extract was determined with MIC/MBC values as 62.5/125.0mg/ml. CONCLUSIONS: Dendrobenthamia capitata, Elsholtzia rugulosa, Elsholtzia blanda, Geranium strictipesPolygonum multiflorum and betulinic acid demonstrate promising anti-MRSA potential.     

小儿青翘颗粒对呼吸道病原菌的体外抑制作用研究

目的:了解小儿青翘颗粒体外抗呼吸道病原菌的活性。方法:采用微量法测定小儿青翘颗粒对临床分离的肺炎链球菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和副流感嗜血杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC);采用平板法测定小儿青翘颗粒对鲍曼不动杆菌的杀菌时效与量效曲线。结果:小儿青翘颗粒对大部分呼吸道病原菌均有较好抗菌效果,对肺炎链球菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和副流感嗜血杆菌的MIC范围分别为9.38~75、4.69~9.38、1.17~4.69和4.69~75 mg/mL;MBC范围分别为18.75~75、4.69~9.38、2.34~4.69和4.69~75 mg/mL。结论:小儿青翘颗粒对常见呼吸道病原菌均具有较好的抑菌作用,对鲍曼不动杆菌的抑菌效果最好。     

The essential oil of Senecio graveolens (Compositae): chemical composition and antimicrobial activity tests.

The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from Senecio graveolens (Compositae) was analyzed by GLC-MS and the components identified were: isovaleraldehyde, alpha-pinene, alpha-phellandrene, alpha-terpinene, p-cymene, sabinene, gamma-terpinene, 1-methyl-4-isopropenylbenzene, terpinolene, terpinen-4-ol, piperitenone, alpha- and beta-eudesmol. The investigation by the agar-well diffusion method of the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil proved that it has antibacterial effects on Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, oxacillin-sensitive and oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, as well as antifungal effects on clinically isolated Candida albicans. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for M. luteus, oxacillin-sensitive S. aureus and C. albicans were 8.73, 10.91 and 2.13 x 10(-2) mg/ml, respectively. The antimicrobial activity related to known antibiotics was calculated. These results would be compatible with a potential concentration-dependent selectivity of antifungal effect of S. graveolens essential oil. Minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) is above 87.3 mg/ml. Thus the MBC:MIC ratio would be clearly higher than 1 (above 8), indicating a bacteriostatic effect of the essential oil.     

金银花体外抗结核活性研究

目的：探讨金银花体外抗结核活性。方法：使用试管倍比稀释法测定金银花、绿原酸、异烟肼对结核分支杆菌标准株和金色分支杆菌的最小抑菌浓度（Minimum Inhibitory Concentration，MIC）及最小杀菌浓度（Minimum Bactericidal Concentration，MBC）。结果：金银花对金色分支杆菌的MIC为0．83mg·mL^-1，MBC为1．75mg·mL^-1，对H37Rv的MIC、MBC均为0．18mg·mL^-1；绿原酸对两种分支杆菌的MIC、MBC均为0．18mg·mL^-1；异烟肼对两种分支杆菌的MIC、MBC均为10．5μg·mL^-1，异烟肼配伍金银花使用，异烟肼对两种分支杆菌的MIC、MBC为5．25μg·mL^-1。结论：金银花有抗结核活性。同异烟肼联合使用能显著降低异烟肼的MIC和MBC。