马钱子碱经皮给药的镇痛作用

目的：考察马钱子碱经皮给药的镇痛作用。方法：用改良的Franz扩散池法对不同浓度的马钱子碱溶液进行体外透皮实验的考察。采用醋酸扭体法,分3次给药,每次间隔10min,末次给药30min后腹腔注射0.6%的醋酸,观察小鼠25min内的扭体数。考察马钱子碱溶液的镇痛效果。结果：体外实验证明2.5mg/mL的马钱子碱溶液透皮速率为47.14μg/（cm^2.h）;5mg/mL的马钱子碱溶液透皮速率达到110.13μg/（cm^2.h）。马钱子碱经皮给药的有效剂量为40mg/kg。结论：马钱子碱经皮给药后吸收迅速完全,具有良好的镇痛效果。     

马钱子碱经皮给药后在小鼠体内的药动学研究

目的考察马钱子碱经皮给药后在小鼠体内的药物动力学过程。方法建立了利用HPLC法测定小鼠血浆中马钱子碱质量浓度的方法,测定了iv 4 mg/kg马钱子碱溶液、经皮给药40 mg/kg马钱子碱后的血药浓度,并对结果进行药动学拟合。结果马钱子碱iv和经皮给药后的药动学均符合二室模型。经皮给药后的绝对生物利用度为32.8%,MRT是iv的8倍。结论经皮给药途径可能有利于马钱子碱的减毒增效。     

马钱子碱微乳的制备及其体外透皮吸收的研究

 目的制备马钱子碱微乳,考察马钱子碱微乳对离体小鼠皮的透皮能力。方法Zetapats多功能电位/粒度分析仪测定马钱子碱微乳的粒度及其分布。用改良的Franz扩散池研究马钱子碱微乳的透皮速率。高效液相色谱法测定马钱子碱的含量。结果所制备的含1%马钱子碱的微乳液滴的平均粒径为(48.0±1.7)nm,马钱子碱的平均透皮速率为(47.36±2.87)μg·cm^-2·h^-1,透皮吸收行为符合Fick’s第一定律。结论马钱子碱微乳促进了马钱子碱的透皮吸收,显现出持续、延时的转运特点,载有马钱子碱的微乳有希望成为马钱子碱的透皮吸收给药的有前途的给药途径。     

癌理通膏的体外透皮释放特性研究

目的:研究癌理通膏的体外透皮释放特性。方法:以马钱子碱和士的宁为指标性成分,采用Franz扩散池进行体外透皮吸收实验,用HPLC法测定马钱子碱和士的宁的累积透皮渗透量和透皮吸收速率,并运用曲线方程拟合方法计算释药模型。结果:马钱子碱的累积透皮渗透量为42.6896±1.0211μg/cm2,透皮吸收速率为0.5929μg/(cm2·h),士的宁的累积透皮渗透量为122.5137±1.9003μg/cm2,透皮吸收速率为1.7016μg/(cm2·h);经过方程拟合得出马钱子碱、士的宁体外透皮释放更符合一级速率模型。结论:癌理通膏的释药模式为延缓释放,证明其对治疗癌性疼痛具有持续的药效。     

金品肿痛系列药物体外经皮渗透实验研究

目的:考察不同剂型,不同给药方式的金品肿痛系列药物体外经皮渗透特性,指导临床用药及市场销售。方法:采用改良Franz扩散池法,以雄性小鼠皮肤为屏障、30%乙醇生理盐水为接收液,收集各剂型及各给药方式不同时间点的接收液,采用高效液相色谱法测定,绘制累积透过曲线,对金品肿痛系列药物体外经皮渗透量、稳态透皮速率进行研究。结果:金品肿痛系列药物体外经皮渗透符合Higuchi方程。肿痛搽剂(涂搽给药)体外24 h累积透过量为57.3082μg/cm2;稳态透皮速率(J)为11.96μg/(cm2·h);肿痛气雾剂(喷射给药)体外24 h累积透过量为52.1414μg/cm2;稳态透皮速率(J)为7.444μg/(cm2·h);肿痛气雾剂(涂搽给药)体外24 h累积透过量为38.1809μg/cm2;稳态透皮速率(J)为9.737μg/(cm2·h)。结论:金品肿痛系列药物中搽剂为长效制剂,气雾剂为速释制剂,且喷射给药方式经皮渗透迅速。     

马钱子生物碱类成分经皮给药后在小鼠体内的药动学研究

目的 考察马钱子碱、马钱子总生物碱和优化马钱子总生物碱凝胶剂经皮给药后在小鼠体内的药动学过程.方法 建立测定小鼠血浆中马钱子碱质量浓度的HPLC法,比较含相同剂量(10.8 mg/kg)马钱子碱各凝胶剂经皮给药后,马钱子碱的血药浓度,并对结果进行药动学拟合.结果 经皮给药后马钱子生物碱类成分的药动学行为均符合二室模型.优化马钱子总生物碱凝胶剂能显著增加马钱子碱的体内吸收,相对生物利用度显著提高,AUC0→1是马钱子碱凝胶剂的1.74倍,是马钱子总生物碱凝胶剂的1.89倍,其他药动学参数无显著差异.结论 以优化马钱子总生物碱经皮给药,可有效改善单体马钱子碱和总生物碱的体内药动学行为,有利于对马钱子碱的减毒增效.     

马钱子碱贴膏剂的制备与药物动力学研究

目的:考察剂量对马钱子碱贴膏剂的体内药物动力学过程的影响。方法:建立了应用HPLC法测定血浆中马钱子碱浓度的分析方法。制备了马钱子碱贴膏剂并考察了药剂学性质。测定3个不同剂量马钱子碱贴膏剂经皮给药后血药浓度经时过程,采用DAS软件拟合药物动力学参数。结果:马钱子碱贴膏剂的药剂学性质符合要求。3个剂量(30、60、180 mg/kg)下马钱子碱贴膏剂经皮给药后的AUC0-t分别为7.24±0.61、16.02±2.34和54.84±26.59μg·h/mL,峰浓度分别为0.73±0.23、1.45±0.28和4.59±1.85μg/mL,达峰时间分别为8.67±2.07、11.67±2.66和8.33±2.65 h。结论:马钱子碱贴膏剂经皮给药后未发现存在剂量依赖性。     

马钱子碱传递体的体外透皮与促渗性质研究

制备马钱子碱脂质体和传递体,对其药剂学性质进行表征,并比较其体外透皮性质。采用硫酸铵梯度法制备马钱子碱脂质体和传递体,考察其粒径、包封率和变形性等药剂学性质;采用改良Franz扩散池,以大鼠皮肤为透皮屏障,比较不同处方的脂质体和传递体的体外透皮性质。结果显示,马钱子碱脂质载体的粒径在100~150 nm,粒径分布比较均一;马钱子碱复合磷脂传递体较大豆磷脂传递体的包封率有显著提高;复合磷脂传递体的变形性分别是大豆磷脂(SPC)脂质体和传递体的2.09,1.76倍,马钱子碱复合磷脂传递体的稳态透皮速率分别是SPC脂质体和传递体的3.43,1.41倍;马钱子碱与复合磷脂空白传递体的物理混合物组的稳态透皮速率是溶液组的2.20倍,复合磷脂浓度对空白传递体的促渗效果有影响。与脂质体相比,传递体可以提高马钱子碱的透皮速率,而复合磷脂技术可以改善传递体膜结构的相形为,进一步提高传递体的变形性和透皮速率;空白传递体对马钱子碱的透皮吸收有很好的促进作用。     

乌头碱经皮给药的急性毒性及相关的镇痛作用研究

目的观察乌头碱经皮给药的急性毒性及累积给药对小鼠镇痛作用。方法采用小鼠对耳涂抹乌头碱乙醇溶液以观察乌头碱单次和累积外用对皮肤的急性毒性;采用小鼠醋酸扭体法试验观察乌头碱累积外用后的镇痛效应。结果乌头碱单次给药半数致死量LD50为21.3 mg/kg,LD50的95%可信限为19.6～23.2 mg/kg,但是随着用药次数的增加,毒性反应出现"反转现象",作用强度随着用药量的增加而加强,并出现"平台期"。结论乌头碱外用有毒性,但累积外用可出现良好的镇痛作用。     

马钱子碱聚乳酸纳米粒在家兔体内的药动学研究

目的 研究马钱子碱聚乳酸纳米粒(Bru-PLA-NPs)iv注射给药后在家兔体内的药动学行为.方法 建立HPLC法测定家兔血浆中马钱子碱浓度.色谱柱为Kromasil C_(18)(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-水(23∶77),水中含庚烷磺酸钠1.01 g/L,磷酸二氢钾1.36 g/L,加磷酸调节pH至2.8;体积流量为1 mL/min;检测波长为265 nm;柱温为25℃.采用3p87软件计算马钱子碱药动学参数.结果 单剂量iv Bru-PLA-NPs(4 mg/kg)后马钱子碱在兔体内的药动力学数据符合三室模型,单剂量静注马钱子碱溶液(4 mg/kg)后符合二室模型;与马钱子碱溶液相比,Bru-PLA-NPs给药后,马钱子碱的消除半衰期(t_(1/2β))提高6.6倍;生物利用度提高8.7倍.结论 与马钱子碱溶液相比,Bru-PLA-NPs iv给药后马钱子碱在家兔体内的药动学行为发生了显著变化.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.     

瑞香科五属植物中酚性聚合物的结构特征、分布及药理活性研究进展

瑞香科植物广泛分布于世界热带和温带地区,其中多种植物可供药用。在对该科植物的研究中发现,黄酮类、木脂素和香豆素等酚性化合物的低聚体为其重要的特征性成分,药理活性主要表现在抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌和抗病毒等方面。对已发现的酚性聚合体的化学结构、植物来源及药理活性进行综述,为瑞香科植物今后的研究和开发利用提供参考。     

HPLC法同时测定沉香化滞丸中11种成分

目的采用HPLC梯度洗脱法同时测定沉香化滞丸中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚11种成分。方法采用Thermo Syncronis C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为水-乙腈,梯度洗脱:0～10 min,20%乙腈;10～20 min,20%～40%乙腈;20～24 min,40%乙腈;24～26 min,40%～52%乙腈;26～30 min,52%乙腈;30～31 min,52%～90%乙腈;31～35 min,90%乙腈;35～40 min,90%～100%乙腈;40～43min,100%乙腈;43～45min,100%～20%乙腈;检测波长215nm,体积流量1.0m L/min,柱温30℃,进样量20μL。结果各成分在43 min内分离良好,沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚的线性范围分别为1.4～13.6、10.0～200.0、31.5～315.0、1.0～120.1、1.8～50.6、0.93～10.1、1.8～30.0、0.2～40.3、1.8～18.1、1.7～25.0、0.45～10.70μg/mL;样品中各成分的平均回收率均在98.90%～100.87%;11种成分精密度RSD在0.55%～1.54%;供试品溶液在30 h内稳定性良好,RSD在0.75%～1.94%;重复性RSD在0.39%～1.73%。6批次样品中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚质量分数分别为92.0～201.0、511.5～9 033.0、5 475.0～12 635.5、54.5～5 095.5、192.0～2 137.5、117.0～391.5、106.5～1 281.5、13.0～136.5、93.5～199.0、177.0～1 207.0、33.5～251.5μg/g。结论本方法准确、快速、简便,重复性好,精密度高,适用于沉香化滞丸中多种活性成分的定量分析。