基于经穴效应与颅内经络的关系对针刺高血压病合并脑萎缩患者的fMRI脑功能成像研究

目的：运用功能核磁共振（fMRI）脑功能成像原理,观察针刺对于高血压病合并脑萎缩患者的脑功能连通性、经络敏感性、穴位治疗效应的相关改变,分析在病理因素影响下,颅内经络的改变对经穴效应的影响。方法：正常对照组8例,原发性高血压病组10例,原发性高血压病合并脑萎缩组10例。对原发性高血压病患者和原发性高血压病合并脑萎缩患者分别测定针刺太冲穴前后的实验压痛阈值,比较针刺对两组受试者的镇痛效应差异。在手法捻针刺激基础上,3组患者均按照组块设计方案刺激与静留针交替进行,针刺过程中fMRI扫描3组患者静息态脑功能成像特点,通过Matlab软件SPM2模块分析数据,获得效应脑区,采用感兴趣区（ROI）法对3组患者激活差异进行比较。结果：原发性高血压病组患者针刺前后压痛阈值差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,原发性高血压病合并脑萎缩组患者针刺前后压痛阈值的比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。正常组主要激活区域在左侧扣带回、左侧额叶、左侧顶叶、左侧颞叶,原发性高血压病组患者主要激活区域在左侧扣带回、左侧顶叶、左侧颞叶、右侧额叶,原发性高血压病合并脑萎缩组患者主要激活区域在左侧扣带回、双侧颞叶。正常组与原发性高血压病组患者激活点数无显著性差异（P>0.05）;原发性高血压病合并脑萎缩组患者的激活点数比针刺原发性高血压病组明显降低,有显著性差异（P<0.05）;在左侧顶叶、左侧扣带回激活点数降低明显,激活强度在左侧扣带回、左侧顶叶、左侧颞叶明显降低,有统计学差异（P<0.05）。结论：脑萎缩等中枢神经系统疾病损伤颅内经络,不仅损伤脑功能,而且使针刺激活脑功能区的区域面积和强度明显减少,降低外周经络的敏感性,影响针刺的疗效,针刺提高颅内相应脑区的连通性是治疗此类疾病的机制之一。     

针刺腧穴的fMRI研究近况与思考

功能性磁共振成像（functional magnetic resonance imagging,fMRI）作为一种无创的、即时的、无辐射的现代神经影像技术,已经广泛运用于探究针刺穴位后脑功能激活区产生的效应机制中。目前研究表明,多数学者已从不同角度对针刺经络腧穴的脑激活区的产生机制进行了较为深入的研究,笔者将对2003年以来利用脑功能磁共振成像研究针刺经络腧穴的脑活动效应的关系做一概述,以期通过对以往研究的总结,整理出目前最新的研究方向,为今后有关针灸作用机制与磁共振功能成像的研究奠定基石出。     

膀胱经穴位推拿对腰椎间盘突出症患者脑功能磁共振成像的影响

目的观察膀胱经穴位推拿对腰椎间盘突出症患者脑功能磁共振的信号变化,探讨该治法的中枢作用机制。方法将20例腰椎间盘突出症患者随机分为2组,治疗组10例予膀胱经穴位推拿,对照组10例予非穴位推拿治疗。2组均治疗10次,分别在治疗前及最后1次治疗过程中应用脑功能磁共振成像技术(f MRI)观察2组治疗时脑功能信号,进行图像处理。结果推拿膀胱经穴与非穴位,脑功能磁共振成像有显著差异;治疗组脑功能区中脑导水管周围灰质、豆状核、前扣带回信号明显升高,对照组脑功能区豆状核苍白球信号明显降低;组内刺激状态与静息状态脑信号比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论膀胱经穴位推拿有明显中枢镇痛作用,穴位推拿与非穴位推拿临床疗效有明显差异,提示临床推拿治疗时经穴定位准确非常重要。     

针刺镇痛对坐骨神经痛患者脑功能成像的影响

目的观察12例坐骨神经痛患者脑功能磁共振信息的变化，研究电针穴位镇痛影响脑功能区的位置及其效应的变化，探索电针镇痛的作用机制与脑功能成像关系。方法选足少阳胆经的阳陵泉和悬钟穴，分别选受试者患侧和健侧下肢穴，应用血氧水平依赖（BOLD）功能性磁共振成像技术（fMRI）全脑扫描，FSL3．2软件进行图像处理，P〈0．01分析得出脑功能图像。结果电针健侧和患侧肢体相同穴位后，脑激活区脑功能信号增加，包括对侧初级感觉皮层（SⅠ）与次级感觉皮层（SⅡ）区、双侧岛叶（Insula）、双侧扣带前回（ACC）（BA24）、双侧颞上回、双侧小脑等。电针患侧肢体穴位出现中脑导水管周围灰质（PAG）区信号明显增高，双侧尾状核及对侧豆状核（基底节核团Basalganlia）、对侧海马信号明显升高。电针健侧肢穴位，双侧杏仁体及视皮层信号改变，针刺患侧肢体与健侧肢体，引起的脑功能区变化有显著差异，以针刺患侧肢体的脑功能变化更明显。结论肢体在病理和生理状态下，针刺肢体相同穴位对中枢神经系统调节作用不完全相同，fMRI影像适合针刺穴位镇痛的研究，且进一步说明了针刺调节具有双向性特点。     

针刺中渚穴的脑功能性磁共振成像研究

目的:研究针刺中渚穴脑功能变化的规律和脑激活区的定位信息,为针灸治疗的中枢机制提供实验依据。方法:利用fMRI-BOLD技术,获取8位健康志愿者的在中渚穴行针状态下的脑功能变化图像,利用AFNI软件分析针刺中渚穴时脑功能变化的规律。结果:针刺左侧中渚穴主要引起扣带回、颞叶、小脑、枕叶等的激活。结论:针刺的镇痛效果可能是通过多个脑功能区的相互作用而产生的。     

针刺外关穴的脑功能性磁共振成像研究

目的研究针刺外关穴脑功能变化的规律和脑激活区的定位信息。为针灸治疗的中枢机制提供实验依据。方法利用fMRI-BOLD技术,获取8位健康志愿者的外关穴在行针状态下的脑功能变化图像。利用AFNI软件分析针刺外关穴时脑功能变化的规律。结果针刺左侧外关穴主要引起扣带回、背侧丘脑和颞叶、小脑、枕叶等的激活。结论针刺的镇痛效果可能是通过多个脑功能区的相互作用而产生的。     

针刺后溪穴的脑功能性磁共振成像研究

目的：研究针刺后溪穴脑功能变化的规律和脑激活区的定位信息。为针灸治疗的中枢机制提供实验依据。方法：利用fMRI—BOLD技术，获取6位健康志愿者的后溪穴在行针状态下的脑功能变化图像。利用AFNI软件分析针刺后溪穴时脑功能变化的规律。结果：针刺左侧后溪穴主要引起扣带回、岛叶和颞叶、小脑、枕叶等的激活。结论：针刺的镇痛效果可能是通过多个脑功能区的相互作用而产生的。     

从脑功能成像看针刺作用的中枢机制

目的:了解针刺负荷脑功能成像的研究进展,探讨针刺疗效的中枢机制.方法:收集、整理及分析了近10年来利用功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)、脑电图和诱发电位(EEG and EPs)、正电子发射断层扫描(PET)三种技术探测针刺穴位时,所引发脑内多个功能区域血流和代谢变化的相关研究的近40篇文献.结果:目前用脑功能成像技术所研究的穴位并不多,从已经研究的几个穴位来看,主要兴奋痛觉调制通路、运动相关功能区、视觉皮层及其它脑区.结论:针刺穴位对多个特异脑区的激活与多系统的治疗作用相关.     

针刺内关穴对机体不同功能状态下fMRI脑功能成像的影响

目的:观察机体在生理或病理状态下,针刺同一穴位时fMRI脑功能成像的变化,探讨内关穴的作用机制.方法:对老年健康人(正常组)和阿尔茨海默病患者(AD组)进行电针刺激内关穴,同时运用1.5 T磁共振成像系统,采集两组被试者脑部的fMRI功能像数据,通过SPM99进行统计分析,获取正常组和AD组脑内不同区域的功能活动图像.结果:正常组两侧额叶及颞叶均被不同程度激活,AD组表现在额叶、颞叶和扣带回、小脑等部位不同程度的激活,其他脑区无明显激活.结论:针刺内关穴对正常组和AD组的脑功能活动激活区域表现不同,说明针刺内关穴对机体不同功能状态下fMRI脑功能成像影响不同.     

针刺百会水沟神门对血管性痴呆患者大脑皮层葡萄糖代谢的影响

目的：运用正电子发射型计算机断层显像（PET）技术，研究百会、水沟、神门针刺前后，血管性痴呆（VD）患者大脑皮层葡萄糖代谢的变化，从该穴组对脑功能成像的影响，分析其作用机制。方法：10例VD病人随机分为两组。A组治以针对偏瘫的常规穴位（手足三阳经为主），B组加用百会、水沟、神门，治疗前后所有病人均接受PET检测。划定VD患者双侧额叶（眶回）、双侧顶叶、双侧颞叶（海马及海马旁回）、双侧枕叶为感兴趣区。分析各区葡萄糖代谢水平，并进行治疗前后的比较。结果：治疗组患者针刺治疗后，双侧额叶、健脑颞叶的葡萄糖代谢升高具有统计学意义；常规针刺组患者治疗后，健脑颞叶的代谢升高具有统计学意义。结论：初步表明，百会、水沟、神门治疗VD的机理．与其改善额叶、颞叶的葡萄糖代谢有关。     

针刺穴位和非穴位对脑功能连接影响的MR研究

目的:观察穴区与非穴区对脑功能连接的影响,以探讨腧穴作用特异性的基础.方法:选择21名健康志愿者,随机分为穴位组(12例)和非穴位组(9例),分别针刺受试者双侧足三里和足三里外侧3～4 mm处,采用捻针手法,分别于针刺前、出针后25 min进行功能磁共振扫描,以双侧扣带回作为种子点,分析穴位组和非穴位组脑功能连接情况.结果:穴位组和非穴位组均能产生广泛的脑功能连接,穴位组与非穴位组相比,穴位组在双侧小脑扁桃体、右侧小脑齿状核、双侧小脑悬雍垂、左侧小脑山坡、右侧小脑结节、左侧额下回、双侧颞中回、双侧旁中央小叶、左侧扣带回、右侧颞上回、右侧前扣带回等区域与后扣带回存在功能连接增强,而穴位组双侧额内侧回、右侧额下回与后扣带回的脑功能连接强度较非穴位组减弱.结论:穴位和非穴位所引发脑功能连接的脑区大部分相同,但穴位组在脑内的脑功能连接强度总体上高于非穴位组.     

电针对佐剂性关节炎大鼠病灶局部皮肤CB2受体阳性细胞免疫反应性的影响

目的:研究电针缓解炎性痛的机制是否与其对病灶局部内源性大麻素2型受体(CB2受体)阳性细胞免疫反应性的影响有关。方法:采用健康成年雌性SD大鼠共48只,随机分为:空白对照组(n=12)、模型组(n=12)、穴位电针组(n=12)和非穴位电针对照组(n=12)。除空白对照组外其它各组大鼠于左后肢外踝关节皮下注射完全弗式佐剂(CFA,Sigma公司产品)50μL制备单发局限性佐剂性关节炎模型。对其进行行为学观察,研究电针患侧“环跳”穴、“阳陵泉”穴对背屈、跖屈踝关节疼痛试验评分的影响,并结合免疫组化技术,观察电针对佐剂性关节炎大鼠致炎后第6天和第16天病灶局部皮肤CB2受体阳性细胞免疫反应性的影响。结果:①电针佐剂性关节炎模型大鼠致炎足同侧穴位,可产生明显镇痛作用,且电针效果在致炎后第3-5天最为显著,穴位电针组背屈、跖屈踝关节疼痛试验评分在致炎第3天和5天均较模型组和非穴位电针对照组显著降低(P<0.05)。②免疫组化结果显示,致炎后第6天穴位电针组大鼠炎性痛病灶局部皮肤组织CB2受体阳性细胞的数量显著高于空白对照组、模型组和非穴位电针组(P<0.05);致炎后第16天穴位电针组该值与空白对照组、模型组和非穴位电针组间统计学差异不明显(P>0.05)。结论:电针腧穴可使炎症病灶局部皮肤组织CB2受体免疫反应阳性细胞的数量显著上调,从而调控炎性痛病灶局部组织中致炎致痛物质与镇痛物质之间的平衡,解除局部病灶神经免疫微环路的激活状态,通过外周途径缓解疼痛。     

荧光双重标记Cx43在大鼠“足三里”表达的实验研究

目的:研究缝隙连接蛋白Cx43在大鼠“足三里”穴的表达及其与穴位、经络的可能关系。方法:20只健康成年SD大鼠随机分为非针刺组、针刺组,每组10只。应用荧光双重标记免疫组织化学方法和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜技术对成年大鼠皮肤肌肉组织的Cx43进行定位、定量分析。结果:皮肤肌肉组织中Cx43主要在表皮上皮细胞、皮下筋膜的肥大细胞中表达;非针刺组中穴位处Cx43的表达显著高于非经非穴处,两者相比有极显著性差异(P<0.01);穴位针刺后Cx43表达显著增加,与非针刺组中穴位比较有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:电针可使“足三里”穴区皮肤及肌肉组织中的Cx43表达明显增加,缝隙连接蛋白及缝隙连接可能在经络活动中起重要作用。     

ADVANCE IN ACUPOINT SPECIFICITY STUDY BASED ON NEUROIMAGING TECHNIQUES

Objective: To reveal the central mechanism of acupoint specificity.Methods: The research was conducted on patients with functional dyspepsia(FD) and migraine(MIG) undergoing acupuncture by applying functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission computed tomography.Results: FD patients:(1) Significant difference in cerebral glucometabolism between FD patients and healthy subjects(HS) was found and some brain areas were negatively correlated with NDI scoring.(2) Different acupoint selection methods had different impacts on brain functions of FD patients.Migraine patients:(1) Compared with HS, decreased gray matter density of right insula, cerebral glucose metabolism and resting functional connectivity in MIG were detected.(2) Compared with non-acupoint group and non-involved-meridian group, Shaoyang meridian group showed relative specificity on cerebral glucose metabolism after acupuncture.(3) After acupuncture on the acupoints along Shaoyang meridian, the functional connectivity network of right insula in MIG became similar with that in healthy subjects.(4) The change of functional connectivity in right insula-DLPFC was negatively correlated with comprehensive score improvements in Shaoyang meridian group.(5) With fMRI data prior acupuncture, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after acupuncture, compared with non-acupoints, the persistent or alternative rise was witnessed in the pain-related brain regions of MIG in the group of specific acupoints of Shaoyang meridian, meanwhile the functional connectivity network of anterior cingulated cortex was in the process of dynamic modulation.Conclusion: Compared with healthy subjects, the brain functions of the patients with FD or MIG were significantly different; acupuncture on the involved meridian has a relative specificity on central response characteristics.     

Scalp acupuncture improves disordered behavior in the valproic acid-induced rat model of autism: 头针改善丙戊酸钠诱导的孤独症大鼠行为学及其机制研究

ObjectivesTo investigate the underlying mechanisms of scalp acupuncture treatment (SAT) on autism spectrum disorder (ASD).MethodsThirty male Wistar rat pups that had been prenatally exposed to valproic acid sodium (VPA) were randomly divided into the VPA, VPA+acupoint, and VPA+ non-acupoint groups using the random number table method, with 10 rats in each group. Ten pups who had been prenatally exposed to saline were assigned to the control group (CG). There was no intervention in either the control or VPA groups. In the acupoint group, “Shenting (GV24),” bilateral “Benshen (GB13)” were manipulated. In the non-acupoint group, the area below the costal space was stimulated. Acupuncture stimulation lasted for 40 min, with manual twisting of the needles every 10 min, 5 days/week, with 2 days of rest per week, for a total duration of 4 weeks. After the corresponding treatments, behavioral tests (including the open field, social interaction, and Morris water maze tests) were performed to evaluate the therapeutic effects. RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression of neuregulin 1 (NRG1)/ErbB4.ResultsIn the open field test, the activity time spent in the central area in the VPA+acupoint group was significantly longer than that in the VPA group and VPA+ non-acupoint group (both P<0.05). The total length in the VPA+acupoint group was significantly longer than that in the VPA group (P<0.05). The number of bouts in the central area of the VPA+acupoint group was significantly higher than that of the VPA group (P<0.05). In session I of social interaction test, all experimental rats spent more time interacting with stranger 1 (all P<0.05). In session II, the CG and VPA+acupoint groups rats showed more interest in searching for new strangers, but the VPA+non-acupoint group spent more time interacting with stranger 1 than with stranger 2(all P<0.05). In the Morris water maze test, compared with the VPA group, the latency of the VPA+acupoint group was shorter (day 2, 3, 4, 5, P<0.05); compared with VPA+acupoint group, the latency of the VPA+non-acupoint group was longer (day 2, 4, P<0.05). The mean distance in the VPA+acupoint group was shorter than that in the VPA group (day 3, 5, P<0.05). The platform quadrant time of the VPA+non-acupoint group was significantly shorter than that of the VPA+acupoint group (P<0.05) (day 6). The VPA+acupoint group had more platform crossings than the VPA group (P<0.05), and the VPA+ non-acupoint group had fewer platform crossings than the VPA+acupoint group (P<0.05) (day 6). After SAT, the expression levels of NRG1 and ErbB4 proteins in the VPA+acupoint group were significantly increased than those in the VPA group (both P<0.05) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The expression levels of NRG1 and ErbB4 proteins in VPA+non-acupoint group were significantly less than those in the VPA+acupoint group (both P<0.05) in the mPFC. After SAT, the expression levels of NRG1 and ErbB4 proteins in the VPA+acupoint group were significantly higher than those in the VPA group (both P<0.05) in the hippocampus. The expression levels of NRG1 and ErbB4 proteins in the VPA+non-acupoint group were significantly lower than those in the VPA+acupoint group (both P<0.05) in the hippocampus. After SAT, the expression levels of mRNA levels of NRG1-ErbB4 in the mPFC and hippocampus in VPA+acupoint group were significantly higher than those in the VPA group (all P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of NRG1-ErbB4 in the mPFC and hippocampus in VPA+ non-acupoint group were significantly lower than those in the VPA+acupoint group (all P<0.05).ConclusionsOur results suggest that SAT can improve ASD-like behaviors in young rats in a VPA model of ASD. This may be related to its function in upregulating the expression of protein and gene of NRG1 and its receptor ErbB4 in the mPFC.     

电针对佐剂性关节炎大鼠病灶局部皮肤组织GDNF阳性细胞免疫反应性的影响

目的：探讨电针对佐剂性关节炎大鼠的镇痛作用机制。方法：将SD大鼠48只随机分为空白对照组（n=8）、炎症组（n=10）、穴位电针组（n=10）、非穴位电针组（n=10）及对侧穴位电针组（n=10）。采用完全弗氏佐剂制备关节炎模型。对穴位、非穴位及对侧穴位电针组大鼠隔天针刺,穴位为“环跳”“阳陵泉”;非穴位为两穴旁开5mm处。观察背屈踝关节疼痛试验评分、足部肿胀程度,以及关节炎大鼠踝关节周围皮肤及皮下组织胶质细胞源性神经营养因子（GDNF）阳性细胞免疫反应性。结果：炎症组大鼠注射足出现了明显的痛觉过敏和局部肿胀,同时外周局部组织GDNF表达增加。电针患侧、对侧穴位可以显著缓解疼痛,加速炎症足肿胀的恢复,并显著降低炎症侧踩关节真皮层及皮下浅层组织GDNF阳性细胞的平均光密度和阳性面积百分比;而非穴位电针对照组没有显著疗效。结论：电针可以调控佐剂性关节炎大鼠炎性痛病灶局部皮肤组织GDNF的表达,从而发挥消炎镇痛的作用。穴位与非穴位之间存在作用的差异。     

EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT ON RESTING-STATE BRAIN ACTIVITY IN MIGRAINE PATIENTS:A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ACTIVE ACUPOINTS AND INACTIVE ACUPOINTS

Objective: Acupuncture has been commonly used for preventing attacks and relieving pain, although there is limited knowledgeon the physiological mechanism behind this method.The objectives of this study were to compare the differences in brain activities evoked by active acupoints and inactive acupoints and to investigate the possible correlation between clinical efficacy and brain responses.Methods: Eighty migraineurs without aura were enrolled to receive either active acupoint acupuncture or inactive acupoint acupuncture treatment for 8 weeks.Twenty patients in each group were randomly selected for a resting-state fMRI examination.The treatment schedule lasted for 8 weeks.VAS score, frequency of the migraine attack, number of days with migraine, and HIT-6 score were employed to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture treatment, and ReHo value was used to detect brain activity.Results: The decrease in the VAS score in the active acupoint group was significantly greater than that in the control group after treatment(P0.05).However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in others(P0.05).The neuroimaging data indicated that long-term active acupoint therapy elicited a more extensive and remarkable cerebral response compared with acupuncture at inactive acupoints.The decrease in the VAS score was significantly related to the increased average ReHo values in the ACC in the two groups(P=0.0020, P=0.0015).Moreover, the decrease in the VAS score was associated with the increased average ReHo values in the insula(P=0.0003), and SMA(P=0.0130), which could be detected in the active acupoint group.Conclusion: Active acupoints were significantly superior to inactive acupoints in alleviating pain intensity for migraineurs.The efficacy of acupuncture at active acupoints might result partly from regulating some disease-affected key regions and the pain circuitry for migraine, promoting reintegration of several dimensions of the inner body, and establishing psychophysical pain homeostasis.     

基于蛋白芯片技术探讨针刺对脑缺血大鼠脑组织相关磷酸化蛋白的影响

目的:基于蛋白芯片技术探讨针刺对大脑中动脉阻塞(MCAO)大鼠脑组织相关磷酸化蛋白的影响,部分阐释针刺促脑组织修复的机制。方法:SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、对照点组、穴位组,10只/组。参照Longa线栓法并加以改良复制MCAO模型。穴位组与对照点组取"大椎""百会"和"水沟"穴或非穴对照点(穴位左侧旁开约3mm处的非经非穴点),每12h针刺1次,每次30min,治疗6次。实验结束后行神经功能缺损评分;采用720磷酸化抗体蛋白芯片技术检测各组大鼠脑组织损伤修复相关信号蛋白磷酸化的变化,筛选出各组差异性表达的蛋白。结果:与假手术组比较,模型组神经功能缺损评分显著升高(P0.01);与模型组比较,穴位组与对照点组神经功能缺损评分降低(P0.01,P0.05),且穴位组低于对照点组(P0.05)。蛋白芯片显示:与假手术组比较,模型组中蛋白的磷酸化水平发生了变化,以上调蛋白磷酸化水平为主,且其上、下调蛋白功能主要涉及细胞凋亡、细胞周期调节、细胞的分化与增殖、细胞骨架与连接、细胞信号转导、DNA的修复及转录等;与模型组比较,穴位组、对照点组多种蛋白的磷酸化水平均发生改变,穴位组蛋白磷酸化水平改变以下调为主,其主要功能类型与模型组发生改变的蛋白相似,而对照点组蛋白磷酸化水平的改变没有明显趋向,且发生改变的磷酸化蛋白数量与穴位组存在差异。结论:针刺"大椎""百会""水沟"穴可以通过多系统、多途径调整脑组织相关蛋白的磷酸化水平,从而促进脑组织损伤的修复。     

电针对血管性痴呆大鼠海马NMDAR-2 B mRNA表达及学习记忆能力的影响

目的:探讨电针改善血管性痴呆(VD)大鼠学习记忆能力的作用机制。方法:将成年雄性SD大鼠采用永久性结扎双侧颈总动脉法建立VD模型,设立空白组、假手术组、模型组、电针非穴位组和电针穴位组,每组各10只。电针穴位组选取"百会"大椎"和双侧"肾俞"穴,电针非穴位组选取第1腰椎和第2腰椎两侧胸腹交界处的非穴位点,每天1次,每次20 min,连续30 d。Morris水迷宫检测大鼠学习记忆能力,用原位杂交技术测定大鼠海马CA1区和齿状回N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)-2 B mRNA的表达。结果:与空白组比较,模型组平均逃避潜伏期延长,平台所在象限停留时间缩短,海马结构NMDAR-2 B mR-NA表达减少(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,电针穴位组的平均逃避潜伏期缩短,平台所在象限停留时间延长,海马结构NMDAR-2 B mRNA表达增高(P<0.05);电针非穴位组与模型组比较,各项指标无明显变化。结论:电针穴位可以提高VD大鼠海马CA1区及齿状回NMDAR-2 B mRNA的表达,增强学习记忆能力。     

穴位和非穴位一氧化氮含量及导电量的比较

目的:通过对穴位和非穴位皮肤一氧化氮(NO)含量及皮肤导电量的比较,探讨针刺在穴位和非穴位效应差异的机制。方法:①对20例提供了知情同意书的健康志愿受试者进行穴位及非穴位皮肤NO含量的检测。实验分为针刺组、非针刺组,每组10例。分别选取一侧手厥阴心包经的间使穴和足太阳膀胱经的承山穴作为针刺部位,同时分别选取针刺同侧经脉的郄门穴和承筋穴作为穴位点,穴位点旁开1.0～1.5cm处为非穴位点,对穴位点及非穴位点皮肤NO进行收集。针刺时,轻刺入每个穴位约5～10mm,手针操作以60次/min的频率,捻转行针2min,以得气,留针20min,每5min行针1次。采用微量透析法对NO进行收集,用化学发光法对NO含量进行检测分析。②对20例健康志愿受试者测试皮肤导电量。分组及针刺方法同①。分别对心包经的郄门穴和膀胱经的承筋穴及其旁开1.0～1.5cm处的非穴位进行测试。结果:①针刺组与非针刺组比较,针刺组穴位和非穴位NO含量均高于非针刺组(P<0.05);针刺组组内比较,穴位NO含量高于非穴位(P<0.05);非针刺组组内比较,穴位NO含量与非穴位之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②正常人体皮肤导电量,穴位高于非穴位(P<0.05)。针刺组与非针刺组比较有升高趋势。结论:针刺可使穴位NO含量及皮肤导电量升高。正常情况下穴位具有潜在的活跃性,但与非穴位比较差异不明显;在针刺作用下,穴位的活跃性有了明显表达,类似于穴位被激活,从而发挥治疗疾病的作用。