中药消瘤膏配合微波热疗治疗浅表性淋巴结转移癌的临床研究

目的：观察中药消瘤膏结合局部微波热疗治疗颈、锁骨上窝、腹股沟等浅表淋巴结转移癌的临床疗效。方法：将246例浅表淋巴结转移癌患者随机分为2组，治疗组136例给消瘤膏外敷加局部微波热疗；对照组110例单纯用微波热疗。结果：治疗组有效率为82．4％，KPS评分较对照组明显提高；对照组有效率为53．6％，2组两项指标的比较差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）。结论：中药消瘤膏加局部微波热疗能显著提高浅表淋巴结转移癌的治疗有效率，改善患者生存质量，值得临床推广应用。     

连花清瘟颗粒联合注射用头孢曲松钠治疗老年细菌性肺炎40例疗效观察

目的：观察连花清瘟颗粒联合注射用头孢曲松钠治疗老年细菌性肺炎的临床疗效。方法将82例老年细菌性肺炎患者随机分为2组。对照组42例予注射用头孢曲松钠静脉滴注治疗,治疗组40例在对照组治疗基础上加用连花清瘟颗粒口服,2组疗程均为10 d。观察2组临床疗效及临床症状改善情况。结果治疗组发热、咳嗽、气喘及咯痰等症状消退时间均短于对照组（ P＜0．05）。治疗组总有效率95．00％,对照组总有效率83．33％,治疗组疗效优于对照组（ P＜0．05）。结论连花清瘟颗粒联合注射用头孢曲松钠治疗老年细菌性肺炎,可缩短症状持续的时间,明显提高细菌性肺炎的治愈率。     

中药烫疗联合西药治疗活动期类风湿关节炎34例临床观察

目的：观察中药烫疗联合西药治疗活动期类风湿关节炎（ RA）的临床疗效。方法将68例RA患者随机分为2组,治疗组34例应用中药烫疗联合西药治疗,对照组34例应用单纯西药治疗,2组均治疗15 d后比较疗效,观察2组治疗前后临床指标、实验室指标变化。结果治疗组总有效率88．23％,对照组总有效率67．65％,2组总有效率比较差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）,治疗组疗效优于对照组。2组治疗后晨僵持续时间、关节压痛数、关节肿胀数及双手平均握力均较本组治疗前改善（P＜0．01）,且治疗组改善更明显（P＜0．05）。2组治疗后红细胞沉降率（ESR）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）及肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）均较本组治疗前降低（P＜0．01）,且治疗组降低更明显（P＜0．05）。结论中药烫疗联合西药可改善RA患者关节病变,具有较好疗效,值得临床推广应用。     

热疗配合放疗治疗颈部转移癌的临床观察

目的：通过热疗和放疗的二联组合,探讨综合治疗颈部转移癌的局部控制率。方法：62例颈部淋巴转移癌患者随机分为两组,单纯放疗组（B组）30例常规放疗,局部总剂量DT66-70gy/6.5～7周;联合组（A组）32例常规放疗外配合热疗每周3次,温度控制在（41.2～43.8℃）,每次45～60min,2～3周为一疗程。平均每人9次。结果：比较二组客观疗效,功能状态,临床症状改善,联合放疗组总有效率,完全缓解率均高于单纯放疗组,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论：热疗配合放疗治疗颈部转移癌使疗效增加甚至倍增,具有优势互补的协同和相乘作用,明显提高颈部转移癌的局部控制率,减少局部放疗治疗剂量,减轻放疗反应。值得临床研究实践。     

益肾通痹酒联合甲氨蝶呤治疗类风湿关节炎40例临床观察

目的：观察益肾通痹酒联合甲氨蝶呤治疗类风湿关节炎的临床疗效。方法将80例类风湿关节炎患者随机分为2组。对照组40例予甲氨蝶呤片治疗,治疗组40例予益肾通痹酒联合甲氨蝶呤治疗。2组均2个月为1个疗程,2个疗程后统计临床疗效,并观察2组治疗前后症状、体征以及急性炎症指标改善情况。结果治疗组总有效率97．5％,对照组总有效率70．0％,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,治疗组临床疗效优于对照组。2组治疗后晨僵时间、肿胀指数、压痛指数及功能指数均降低（P＜0．01）,双手握力升高（P＜0．01）,且治疗组治疗后晨僵时间、肿胀指数、压痛指数及功能指数降低,双手握力均升高优于对照组（P＜0．05）。2组治疗后红细胞沉降率（ESR）、C-反应蛋白（CRP）及类风湿因子（RF）均降低（P＜0．01）,且治疗组降低优于对照组（P＜0．01）。结论益肾通痹酒联合甲氨蝶呤治疗类风湿关节炎疗效确切。     

恒温药浴治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床观察

根据热疗原理采用恒温药浴治疗慢性前列腺炎（CP）46例取得满意疗效,治愈率达80．4％,显著优于对照组（P＜0．01）,尤其对消除症状、改善前列腺液（EPS）pH值最明显（均P＜0．05）,治疗组远期疗效明显优于对照组（P＜0．05）。     

滋肾活血方对鼻咽癌放疗增效作用的临床观察

目的：考察滋肾活血方对鼻咽癌放疗的增效作用。方法：采用随机分组对照观察法。治疗组80例在放疗的基础上，予以滋肾活血方煎服；对照组62例仅予放疗。结果：治疗组鼻咽部肿瘤、颈淋巴结转移灶的肿瘤消退时的放疗剂量均明显低于对照组（P＜0．01），颈淋巴转移灶消退率高于对照组（P＜0．05），治疗组口腔粘膜反应较对照组轻（P＜0．05），放射后治疗组血红蛋白、白细胞、血小板下降不明显，对照组血红蛋白、白细胞则显著下降（P＜0．05）。结论：滋肾活血方能提高鼻咽癌患者的放疗效果。     

独活寄生汤联合股四头肌训练治疗膝关节骨性关节炎30例临床观察

目的：观察探讨独活寄生汤联合股四头肌训练治疗膝关节骨性关节炎（ KOA）的临床疗效。方法将60例KOA患者随机分为2组,每组30例。对照组单纯予独活寄生汤治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上联合股四头肌训练。2组均治疗4周后比较膝关节功能Lysholm评分量表（ LKSS）评分变化及临床疗效。结果2组治疗后LKSS评分与本组治疗前均有明显增加（P＜0．05）,且治疗组较对照组增加更明显（P＜0．05）;治疗组总有效率96．7％,对照组86．7％,治疗组疗效优于对照组（ P＜0．05）。结论独活寄生汤联合股四头肌训练治疗KOA可以提高临床疗效,改善患者膝关节功能。     

耳穴贴压治疗心血管神经症的疗效观察

目的：观察耳穴贴压治疗心血管神经症的效果。方法：将80例心血管神经症患者随机分成治疗组40例,对照组40例。对照组口服谷维素、复合维生素B片等西药治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用耳穴贴压疗法。结果：治疗组总体疗效优于对照组（P＜0．05）;治疗组中医症状改善情况优于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组治疗后心电图疗效均有明显改善,其中在改善窦性心动过速方面治疗组效果更为明显,优于对照组,具有统计学意义。结论：耳穴贴压治疗心血管神经症疗效明显,能有效改善患者心电图指标及临床症状,联合治疗效果优于单纯口服药物治疗。     

痰热清注射液联合注射用头孢呋辛钠治疗痰热壅肺型社区获得性肺炎30例疗效观察

目的：观察痰热清注射液联合注射用头孢呋辛钠治疗痰热壅肺型社区获得性肺炎的临床疗效。方法将60例痰热壅肺型社区获得性肺炎患者随机分为2组。治疗组30例予痰热清注射液联合注射用头孢呋辛钠治疗,对照组30例予注射用头孢呋辛钠治疗。2组疗程均为10 d。观察2组治疗前后中医症状、中医证候积分情况及临床疗效。结果2组治疗后咳嗽咳痰、气急、发热、恶心呕吐、口渴、乏力、食欲不振、全身不适、胸闷、小便短赤、便秘,舌苔黄腻及脉濡数或滑数等程度与本组治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。治疗组在咳嗽咳痰、恶心呕吐、口渴、便秘、食欲不振、全身不适、舌苔、脉象改善方面均优于对照组（P＜0．05）。2组治疗后中医证候积分均较本组治疗前减少（P＜0．01）,且治疗后治疗组证候积分明显低于对照组（P＜0．01）。治疗组总有效率93．33％,对照组总有效率83．33％,2组总有效率比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,治疗组疗效优于对照组。结论痰热清注射液联合注射用头孢呋辛钠治疗痰热壅肺型社区获得性肺炎疗效确切。     

A comparison on the metabolic profiling of the Mexican anxiolytic and sedative plant Galphimia glauca four years later

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Galphimia glauca has a long traditional use, and continues to be used in Mexico as a natural tranquilizer for the treatment of Central Nervous System disorders as well as for other illnesses.

Aim of the study

In 2005 the initial use of metabolic profiling to populations of Galphimia glauca resulted in two of the six collected populations being producers for galphimines, the markers for sedative and anxiolytic activities. The aim of this investigation was to confirm the previously established metabolic profile, as well as the previous in vivo results on mice. Additionally in this study we wanted to investigate potential anti-inflammatory properties.

Materials and methods

Four years later, we collected samples in the five localities designated for the first-stage investigation in 2005, and in two new locations. Metabolic profiling was carried out by means of ¹H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis applied to crude extracts from wild plant specimens. HPLC analysis was performed to confirm and quantify the presence of galphimines. Two neuropharmacological in vivo assays on mice were employed to study anxiolytic (elevated plus maze test) and sedative (sodium pentobarbital-induced hypnosis model) activities in the extracts. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined by using the tetradecanoylphorbol acetate-induced mouse ear inflammation model (TPA).

Results and conclusions

The results for the 2009 collected species were similar to the 2005 collection, confirming the metabolic profiles and that galphimines are consistent good markers for CNS activity. Galloylquinic acid levels varied between the years without, as of yet, known effects. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was similar for all plants and thus not linked with galphimines, requiring further studies to identify the active compound(s). Areas of collection affect neuropharmacological activities but not anti-inflammatory action.     

中药骨康含药血清中类雌二醇样物质含量的测定

为探讨中药骨康含药血清中是否含有类雌二醇(E2)样物质并确定其理想采血时间，以及给药剂量与血药浓度之间的关系。采用放免法测定了不同采血时相及不同给药剂量的含药血清中类E2样物质的含量。结果显示各组大鼠在用药前和最后1次用药后的不同采血时相，其含药血清中均含有类E2样物质；最后1次用药后2小时采血的含药血清中类E2样物质含量最高，其中又以骨康中剂量组相对较高。说明中药骨康含药血清中含有类E2样物质，其理想采血时相可能是用骨康中剂量连续灌胃7天、最后1次用药后2小时时。     

脉·经脉·经络——细筋·系·神经 经络概念的内涵演化与神经的联系

经络学说起源于对“脉”的解剖生理学认识 ,以脉行的路径为经脉 ,以脉行的分支横出的径路为络脉 ,从而逐渐形成了经脉和络脉的概念。对经络学说提出挑战的是来自西方医学的传入 ,即人们在认识神经学说的结构与功能之后 ,来阐释经络沟通人体体表与体表上、下之间 ,体表与内脏内、外之间特异联络、调控和反应功能。在明末传入的西方解剖生理学 ,或是在晚清西方医学科学的东传过程中 ,与经络功能相关的中医词汇如“细筋”“系”等曾作为“nerve”的汉译名词 ,从而在中西医汇通的初创阶段 ,奠定了经络与神经功能活动相关的文字转换基础     

DNA barcoding of the Mexican sedative and anxiolytic plant Galphimia glauca

Ethnopharmacology relevance

Galphimia glauca (Malpighiaceae) is a Mexican plant popularly used as a tranquilizer in the treatment of nervous system disorders, although it is also used to treat other common illnesses.

Aim of the study

The aim of this investigation is to find out if populations of Galphimia glauca collected in different regions and ecosystems in Mexico actually belong to the same species by using the contemporary technique of DNA barcodes. Our previous metabolic profiling study demonstrates that different collections of this plant obtained from various geographical areas exhibited diverse chemical profiles in terms of the active compounds named Galphimines. We expected the DNA barcodes apart from indicating the different species of Galphimia would indicate the active populations.

Materials and methods

We employed matK, rpoC1 and rbcL DNA barcodes to indicate the different species. Furthermore to investigate the possible impact of the several different ecosystems where the seven populations were collected, thin layer chromatography was employed to create a partial chemical profile, which was then compared with the metabolic profiles obtained by ¹H-NMR and multivariate data analysis.

Results and conclusions

This study showed that the seven populations here analyzed contain at least three different species of the genus Galphimia, although each individual population is homogeneous. Interestingly our TLC analysis clearly showed that the active populations displayed a distinctively unique chemical profile. This work also showed that the use of DNA barcodes combined with chemical profile analysis is an excellent approach to solve the problems of quality control in the development of Galphimia-based medicines as well as for any breeding programs for this species.     

The Evolutional Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Outside China Mainland: Challenges,Training, Practice, Research, and Future Development

This overview has provided an account of evolutional changes of an experience-based traditional medical practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) towards modernisation to keep up with recent advances in analytical and biomedical sciences, and information technology, which may help readers to understand why applying biomedical research methodology to TCM modernisation, while maintaining the experience-based concepts, principles and heritage of TCM’s personalised health and medical approaches in balancing body’s functions with physical and mental harmony when facing environmental changes, can contribute to gain global appreciation and acceptance of TCM in healthcare. It is envisaged that such future development and integration with biomedicine-based main-stream medicine (MSM) in practice will provide valuable medical care in the development of future personalised health and medicine as well as TCM product development.     

模拟灸在艾灸临床试验中的应用现状与进展探析

近年来，随着艾灸的临床应用日趋广泛，针对艾灸研究的临床试验也日益增多，但是在随机对照临床试验（RCT）中，艾灸的阴性对照—模拟灸的设立成了临床试验的一大难题。本文通过梳理国内外艾灸RCT中模拟灸的设立方法，从艾灸产生的热效应、光辐射效应以及艾烟效应三方面来评价和阐述模拟灸模型的设计及应用方法，以期为今后艾灸RCT中建立一种理想可行的模拟灸模型提供思路     

仙龙颗粒对大鼠佐剂性关节炎T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

为探讨仙龙颗粒(XLG)对细胞免疫功能的影响,采用Freund's完全佐剂诱发SD大鼠佐剂性关节炎(AA),在灌服XLG 30天后,测定T淋巴细胞亚群CD 4、CD 8细胞表达率及CD 4/CD 8比值.结果显示XLG大剂量组明显抑制CD 4、提高CD 8细胞表达率,使CD 4/CD 8比值降低;中剂量组仅抑制CD 4细胞,对CD 8细胞无明显作用,CD 4/CD 8比值仍异常;小剂量组对CD 4/CD 8均无明显作用.表明XLG大剂量有较好的细胞免疫调节作用.     

An acidic glycoconjugate from Lythrum salicaria L. with controversial effects on haemostasis

Aim of the study

Lythrum salicaria L. belongs to the small Lythraceae family of 22 genera, which range in habit from herbs to shrubs and trees found with worldwide distribution (Heywood, 1993). The generic name of Lythrum derived from Greek “luthron”—blood, possibly referring to the color of the flowers or to the one of its herbal use as an astringent to stop bleeding ( [26], [17] and [18]). The flowering parts and the flowering branch tips are used in traditional medicine and pharmaceuticals internally in a form of decoctions or as extracts for treatment of diarrhea, chronic intestinal catarrhs, hemorrhoids and eczema, or externally to treat varicose veins, venous insufficiency and gums ( [Mantle et al., 2000] and [Rauha et al., 2000]). The aim of this study was to isolate the plant glycoconjugate from flowering parts of Lythrum salicaria, and to verify its influence on blood coagulation process.

Materials and methods

From the air-dried flowering parts of this plant a water-soluble glycoconjugate has been isolated by hot alkaline extraction followed by neutralization and purification by multi-steps extraction with organic solvents, dialysis and concentration. The plant isolate was tested in vitro on anticoagulant activity on human plasma, and on Wistar rats blood system in vivo as well as ex vivo.

Results

A dark brown isolate was obtained in the yield of 8% of starting material (w/w) as a macromolecular compound with M_w ∼ 12,500. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates (30%), phenolics (1 g contained 1.2 mM of gallic acid equivalent) and proteins (0.8%). The result of compositional analyses of carbohydrate part revealed the predominance of uronic acids (∼66%), galactose (∼12%), rhamnose (∼10%) and arabinose (∼9%) residues indicating thus the presence of pectic type of polymers, i.e. galacturonan and/or rhamnogalacturonan associated with arabinogalactan in Lythrum glycoconjugate. In vitro and ex vivo experiments showed complete inhibition of plasma clot formation, however, the application of Lythrum glycoconjugate in vivo showed controversial effect on animal blood system in comparison with in vitro ones, i.e. pro-coagulant activity.

Conclusion

The in vivo results give a scientific explanation for the traditional use of Lythrum salicaria as a styptic agent. It seems that pro-coagulant activity of this complex could be probably connected with the other factors in blood circulation system, like platelets.     

复元活血汤抗炎镇痛作用的实验研究

为研究复元活血汤的抗炎、镇痛作用，进行了药效学研究。结果显示，复元活血汤对醋酸引起的小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加、角叉菜胶所致的大鼠足跖肿胀、二甲苯所致的小鼠耳肿胀均有显著的抑制作用；能显著降低小鼠腹腔注射醋酸引起的扭体反应次数，明显提高小鼠热板法的痛阈值，说明该药有较强的抗炎、镇痛作用。