The effect of Plantago ovata on humoral immune responses in experimental animals

The effect of the aqueous extract of Plantago ovata (PO) (Plantaginaceae) consisting of a mixture of polysaccharides and glycoside on humoral immune responses was studied. In rabbits, after oral administration of PO (0.5 g/kg) a significant decrease in anti-HD antibody titre was observed in primary response. Intraperitoneal injection of 0.25 g/kg of PO in mice prior to immunisation with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) resulted in a significant decrease in hemagglutinating antibody (HD) titre. Oral administration and intraperitoneal injection of 0.25 and 0.5 g/kg of PO resulted in a significant increase in white blood cells (WBC) and spleen leukocytes counts. The spleen weight also increased with intraperitoneal injection (0.25 and 0.5 g/kg) and oral administration of 0.5 g/kg of PO. Present results indicate that PO can suppress the humoral immune responses, especially in primary immune response.     

Protective effect of bioactive fraction of Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. against cyclophosphamide induced suppression of humoral immunity in mice

The bioactive fraction of Sphaeranthus indicus produced dose dependent increase in humoral immunity and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response as evidenced by increased antibody production and increase in paw edema. The activity at higher doses, however, declines. Humoral antibody (HA) titre lowered by cyclophosphamide (CP) (p < 0.05) was enhanced by bioactive fraction at doses of 200 (p < 0.05) and 400 mg/kg (p < 0.001). There was dose dependent increase in HA titre in normal as well as immunosuppressed animals indicating that drug is effective in humoral immunity. Animals treated with cyclophosphamide and receiving bioactive fraction showed significant change in DTH response, which directly correlates with cell-mediated immunity, as compared to cyclophosphamide alone. Thus, it can be observed that a bioactive fraction of Sphaeranthus indicus acts as potentiator of DTH. Furthermore, the HPTLC fingerprint profile of the bioactive fraction was established to facilitate its identification and characterization. The results suggest that bioactive fraction influences both humoral and cell-mediated immunity and offers protection against immunosuppression induced by the cytotoxic agent cyclophosphamide.     

Immunostimulant effects of Capparis zeylanica Linn. leaves

The present study was undertaken to explore the immunomodulatory activity of ethanolic and water extracts of Capparis zeylanica Linn. (family: Capparidaceae) leaves on neutrophil adhesion test, humoral response to sheep red blood cells, delayed-type hypersensitivity, phagocytic activity and cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression. Pre-treatment of water extract (300 mg/kg, oral) of Capparis zeylanica evoked a significant increase in neutrophil adhesion to nylon fibres. The augmentation of humoral immune response to sheep red blood cells by ethanolic and water extracts (150-300 mg/kg) is evidenced by increase in antibody titres in mice. A dose-related increase in both primary and secondary antibody titre was observed. Oral administration of ethanolic and water extracts of Capparis zeylanica leaves, at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg in mice, dose dependently potentiated the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction induced by sheep red blood cells. Immunomodulatory activity was also assessed by serological and haematological tests. Capparis zeylanica extracts prevented myelosuppression in mice treated with cyclophosphamide drug. The study comprised the acute toxicity and preliminary phytochemical screening of the ethanol and water extracts.     

糙叶败酱大孔吸附树脂提取物对S180荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:观察糙叶败酱大孔吸附树脂提取物(PsBe)对Sarcoma 180(S180)荷瘤小鼠的免疫调节作用。方法:建立S180腹水瘤动物模型,以环磷酰胺0.01g/kg作为阳性对照,分别给予PsBe 0.5g/kg、1.0g/kg、2.0g/kg治疗,观察荷瘤小鼠胸腺和脾脏脏器指数变化,MTT法测T细胞、B细胞转化功能,及NK细胞、LAK细胞活性及B细胞抗体产生能力,流式细胞术检测脾脏T细胞亚群。结果:PsBe 0.5～2.0g/kg可提高S180荷瘤小鼠脾脏指数和胸腺指数,增强T、B脾淋巴细胞转化功能和NK细胞、LAK细胞杀伤能力,提高B细胞抗体产生能力,增加脾T细胞亚群CD4+细胞和CD4+/CD8+比值,其中1.0g/kg组和2.0g/kg组与模型组比较,有显著性差异。结论:PsBe具有增强S180荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

青风藤及青藤碱对吗啡依赖小鼠位置偏爱效应及脑内组胺水平的影响

目的:探讨青风藤及其有效成分青藤碱对吗啡诱导的小鼠条件性位置偏爱(CPP)及脑内组胺(HA)水平的影响。方法:连续给予吗啡(9mg/kg,sc)6d,引起小鼠产生显著的条件性位置偏爱效应。在位置偏爱训练的第4天开始每天sc吗啡前45min分别给予青风藤醇提液(10g/kg,ig)、青藤碱(60mg/kg,im)、苯海拉明组(30mg/kg,ip)、CP48/80组(5mg/kg,sc)或L组氨酸组(750mg/kg,ip),连续给药3天。用荧光分光光度法测定脑内组胺含量。同时检测对小鼠的奖赏效应或厌恶效应。结果:吗啡模型组小鼠在伴药箱中停留的时间明显延长,小鼠脑内HA水平显著升高。青风藤或青藤碱可显著抑制吗啡引起的小鼠位置偏爱的形成,降低脑内的HA含量。青风藤、青藤碱及L组氮酸对正常小鼠脑内组脑水平有升高作用,但三药本身并不使小鼠产生奖赏或厌恶效应。CP48/80对正常及吗啡依赖小鼠脑内组胺含均有明显减少作用,但该药对CPP无明显影响。结论:吗啡诱导的小鼠位置偏爱效应与脑内HA水平升高、中枢组胺能神经系统激活有关。青风藤及青藤碱能消除吗啡诱导的小鼠条件性位置偏爱的形成,对脑内组胺水平的改变具有调节作用。     

Immunosuppressive properties of an ethyl acetate fraction from Euphorbia royleana

The objective of the study was to investigate the activity of the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of Euphorbia royleana latex on cellular and humoral-mediated immune responses and phagocytic function of the cells of the reticuloendothelial system in mice. Oral administration of EA at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg p.o. in mice with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) as an antigen-inhibited both the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction and the production of circulating antibody titre. Reduction of CD4+ T cell counts in the peripheral whole blood and the neutrophil counts in pleural exudates of the animals treated with EA was observed by flowcytometric analysis. Process of phagocytosis was also inhibited in in vivo and in vitro experimental test models. The oral LD50 in both rats and mice was more than 2.5 g/kg body weight.     

中药冰片在动物体内转化为樟脑的研究

目的：给小鼠等动物灌服冰片后，对冰片在其体内转化为樟脑的情况进行初步的定性研究。方法：将天然冰片、冰片（合成龙脑）和异龙脑配成混悬液后，给小鼠灌服，30min后处死小鼠，取肝脏和血浆，经过（肝脏匀浆、）萃取、离心等处理后，取上清液注入GC—MS进行定性分析；给小鼠、大鼠、家兔灌服天然冰片后，在不同时间点取样，经处理后对樟脑进行分析。结果：GC—MS法可很好的分离和定性龙脑、异龙脑和樟脑等成分；小鼠灌服天然冰片、冰片（合成龙脑）和异龙脑后30min，小鼠体内均检测到樟脑色谱峰；灌服天然冰片后在不同动物体内樟脑的含量基本都随着时间的延长而呈一定规律性的变化。结论：冰片（天然冰片、冰片（合成龙脑））和异龙脑在小鼠、大鼠、家兔体内有转化为樟脑的趋势，动物体内的樟脑含量随时间而呈规律性变化。     

中药冰片在动物体内转化为樟脑的研究

目的:给小鼠等动物灌服冰片后,对冰片在其体内转化为樟脑的情况进行初步的定性研究.方法:将天然冰片、冰片(合成龙脑)和异龙脑配成混悬液后,给小鼠灌服,30min后处死小鼠,取肝脏和血浆,经过(肝脏匀浆、)萃取、离心等处理后,取上清液注入GC-MS进行定性分析;给小鼠、大鼠、家兔灌服天然冰片后,在不同时间点取样,经处理后对樟脑进行分析.结果:GC-MS法可很好的分离和定性龙脑、异龙脑和樟脑等成分;小鼠灌服天然冰片、冰片(合成龙脑)和异龙脑后30min,小鼠体内均检测到樟脑色谱峰;灌服天然冰片后在不同动物体内樟脑的含量基本都随着时间的延长而呈一定规律性的变化.结论:冰片(天然冰片、冰片(合成龙脑))和异龙脑在小鼠、大鼠、家兔体内有转化为樟脑的趋势,动物体内的樟脑含量随时间而呈规律性变化.     

Isolation of hypotensive compounds from Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam

The crude hydroalcoholic root extract (CRE) of Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. has formerly been shown to have hypotensive activity both in normo-and hypertensive rats. Hypotensive activity-guided fractionation of the CRE was performed in anaesthetized normotensive rats, which led to the isolation of the active principles. The intravenous (i.v.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) values of the CRE in mice were found to be, respectively, 343 and 451 mg/kg, and no lethal effect was caused by doses up to 5.0 g/kg when administered by oral route. Depression of locomotion, increase of breathing rate and piloerection was observed in a general behavior test with doses up to 200 mg/kg i.p., and 1000 mg/kg p.o., respectively. Increase in the gastrointestinal transit was found using 0.1 g/kg, whereas at doses of 0.5 and 1 g/kg, no significant activity was observed in comparison with the control mice. Hexanic and butanolic fractions induced a remarkable hypotension in anaesthetized normotensive rats in doses of 1, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg/kg i.v. Two compounds isolated from the butanolic fraction induced a significant decrease of the blood pressure, HR, amplitude of the ECG and breathing rate when injected in a dose of 1 mg/kg i.v; and both systofic and diastolic, blood pressures were affected in a proportional mode. The hypotensive effect of the two compounds were not influenced by pretreatment with atropine and propranolol; and the pressor response to noradrenaline was not affected by any of them which suggests that neither a direct muscarinic activity, β-adrenoceptor activation nor decrease of sympathetic vascular tone (sympatholitic activity) are probably involved in the mechanism of hypotension. The present study shows that the CRE of S. sisymbriifolium contains at least two hypotensive compounds whose characterization is under way.     

中药复方JHL免疫抑制作用的实验研究

目的：探讨中药复方JHL的免疫抑制作用。方法：以动物移植肿瘤造模的实验方法，观察JHL对S180及Lewis肺癌模型动物的免疫抑制作用。结果：对S180有一定的抑制作用，对Lewis肺癌抑制作用无显著差异。使荷瘤小鼠胸腺明显萎缩；抑制其NK细胞活性；明显增强荷S180小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能。而对Lewis肺癌仅5g/kg剂量可增强其腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能。10g/kg、210g/kg给药组能提高荷S180小鼠脾细胞对ConA反应性，而5g／kg组作用相反；5g／kg、10g/kg降低Lewis肺癌小鼠脾细胞对ConA反应性。对荷瘤小鼠血清溶血素抗体的含量及IL-2水平作用不显著。与环磷酰胺舍用，未见加强其作用。结论：JHL具有良好的免疫抑制作用，是一种颇有希望的免疫抑制剂，对S180有一定抑制作用。