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1.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Lagenaria siceraria Stand. (Cucurbitaceae) fruits have been used, traditionally, in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerotic impasse and considered as cardioprotective and cardiotonic drug.Aim of the study
The present work was undertaken to investigate the effects of methanolic extract from Lagenaria siceraria in experimentally induced hyperlipidemia in rats.Materials and methods
Methanolic extract of Lagenaria siceraria fruits (LSFE) (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg; p.o.) was administered to the high fat-diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats for 30 days to evaluate its antihyperlipidemic activity. Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg; p.o.) was used as a standard drug.Results
At the 30th day, most significant reduction in lipid levels in the LSFE treated rats as compared to the rats fed with high-fat diet at the 0th day were: total cholesterol 290.14 ± 18.42 mg/dl vs. 228.58 ± 16.38 mg/dl, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 195.14 ± 8.86 mg/dl vs. 120.57 ± 8.11 mg/dl, triglyceride 232.41 ± 15.22 mg/dl vs. 181.79 ± 15.68 mg/dl, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 46.48 ± 3.04 mg/dl vs. 36.35 ± 3.13 mg/dl (P < 0.0001). Conversely, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly (P < 0.0001) increased from 48.52 ± 6.52 to 71.66 ± 5.14 mg/dl. The increase in weight in rats administered with LSFE was less when compared to rats fed with high-fat diet. Moreover, LSFE also exhibited significant increase in excretion of bile acids.Conclusion
The results demonstrate that the LSFE has a definite antihyperlipidemic potential. There is also a valid scientific basis for consuming it in the treatment of coronary artery diseases in India. 相似文献2.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) was isolated from the dried flower of Carthamus tinctorius L. which was extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat diseases due to blood stasis. However, there have been few detailed pharmacokinetic studies about HSYA on human beings.Aim of the study
The aim was to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of HSYA in healthy Chinese female volunteers.Materials and methods
The volunteers were given intravenous infusion of single doses of safflor yellow injection (containing HSYA 35, 70 and 140 mg) in separate trial periods with 1 week washout period. The concentration levels of HSYA in plasma were determined with HPLC. Various pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated from the plasma concentration versus time data using non-compartmental methods.Results
The Cmax values were 2.02 ± 0.18, 7.47 ± 0.67 and 14.48 ± 4.71 μg/mL after the administration of single doses of 35, 70, and 140 mg of HSYA, respectively. The corresponding values of AUC0–15h were 6.57 ± 1.20, 25.90 ± 4.62 and 48.47 ± 12.11 μg/(mL h−1), and the values of t1/2 were 3.21 ± 1.26, 3.33 ± 0.68 and 2.98 ± 0.09 h. The Student–Newman–Keuls test results showed that Cmax and AUC0–15h were both linearly related to dose.Conclusions
In this study, the pharmacokinetic properties of HSYA are based on first-order kinetics over the dose range tested. 相似文献3.
Jonatas Zeni Klafke Mariane Arnoldi da Silva Tiago Facchini Panigas Karlyse Claudino Belli Marileides Facco de Oliveira Márcia Meister Barichello Flavia Karine Rigo Mateus Fortes Rossato Adair Roberto Soares dos Santos Moacir Geraldo Pizzolatti Juliano Ferreira Paulo Ricardo Nazário Viecili 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2010
Ethnopharmacological relevance
In Southern Brazil, the plant Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg. (Myrtaceae), popularly known as “guavirova”, has been empirically used for its potential effect in reducing blood cholesterol levels.Aim of the study
Since there are no scientific data confirming its popular use, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Campomanesia xanthocarpa on biochemical, hematological, anthropometrical and oxidative stress parameters in hypercholesterolemic patients.Materials and methods
Thirty three patients were selected according to total cholesterol (TC) levels: 200–240 mg/dL, undesirable level (UL), and >240 mg/dL, hypercholesterolemic level (HL). UL or HL patients were randomly divided into control group (CG), which received placebo capsules, and experimental group 250 (EG 250) or 500 (EG 500), which received either 250 or 500 mg of encapsulated Campomanesia xanthocarpa. All groups received a cholesterol restriction diet and capsules once a day. The biochemical (TC, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and VLDL), hematological (hematocrit and hemoglobin), anthropometrical (weight and abdominal circumference) and oxidative stress (protein carbonyl) parameters were measured before, 45 and 90 days after the treatment started.Results
There was no alteration on biochemical, hematological, anthropometric or oxidative stress parameters in UL patients of all groups. However, a significant decrease in TC and LDL levels was observed in HL patients from EG 500 group (reduction of 28 ± 3% and 45 ± 4% to levels before treatment) in relation to CG group patients (reduction of 12 ± 2% and 29 ± 4%). Moreover, a significant reduction in oxidative stress was observed in HL patients of EG 250 (51 ± 12%) and EG 500 groups (34 ± 18%) when compared to levels before treatment. A positive correlation between plasma oxidative stress PC and TC levels was observed. Finally, we found that Campomanesia xanthocarpa extract possesses anti-oxidant properties and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitory activity in vitro.Conclusion
Confirming its popular use, the treatment with Campomanesia xanthocarpa encapsulated reduced blood TC and LDL levels in hypercholesterolemic patients. 相似文献4.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
The seeds of Brucea javanica (L.) Merr (Simaroubaceae) are recommended by traditional practitioners for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.Aim of the study
To identify the compounds responsible for blood glucose lowering effect and evaluate the acute toxicity of the compounds.Materials and methods
Extracts, fractions and subfractions were administered to normoglycemic mice and the blood glucose concentration was monitored for 8 h. Bioactive compounds isolated through column chromatography were administered to normoglycemic mice and streptozotocin (STZ) rats with monitoring of blood glucose concentration at 0–8 h. The acute toxicity was evaluated in mice.Results
Bioactivity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of bruceines E (1) and D (2). Normoglycemic mice administered with 1 mg/kg of 1 and 2 exhibited significant blood glucose concentration reduction of 40.07 ± 11.45% and 48.82 ± 13.34%, respectively. STZ induced diabetic rats administered with 1 and 2 exhibited significant blood glucose concentration reduction of 73.57 ± 13.64% and 87.99 ± 2.91%, respectively.Conclusion
The reduction of blood glucose concentration by both bruceines was comparable to glibenclamide and they might act as an insulin secretagogue. The presence of a hydroxyl moiety at C2 in 1 reduced the toxic effect by 9-fold compared to 2. 相似文献5.
Fábio C. Sampaio Maria do Socorro V. Pereira Celidarque S. Dias Vicente Carlos O. Costa Nikeila C.O. Conde Marília A.R. Buzalaf 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2009
Aim
In the Amazon region of Brazil, the fruits of Caesalpinia ferrea Martius (Brazilian ironwood) are widely used as an antimicrobial and healing medicine in many situations including oral infections. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Caesalpinia ferrea Martius fruit extract against oral pathogens.Materials and methods
Polyphenols estimation and spectral analysis (1H NMR) of the methanol extract were carried out. The microorganisms Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus oralis and Lactobacillus casei were tested using the microdilution method for planktonic cells (MIC) and a multispecies biofilm model. Chlorhexidine was used as positive control.Results
Polyphenols in the extract were estimated at 7.3% and 1H NMR analysis revealed hydroxy phenols and methoxilated compounds. MIC values for Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus oralis and Lactobacillus casei were 25.0, 40.0, 66.0, 100.0, 66.0 μg/mL, respectively. For the biofilm assay, chlorhexidine and plant extract showed no growth at 10−4 and 10−5 microbial dilution, respectively. At 10−4 and 10−5 the growth values (mean ± SD) of the negative controls (DMSO and saline solution) for Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sp. and Candida albicans were 8.1 ± 0.7, 7.0 ± 0.6 and 5.9 ± 0.9 × 106 CFU, respectively.Conclusion
Caesalpinia ferrea fruit extract can inhibit in vitro growth of oral pathogens in planktonic and biofilm models supporting its use for oral infections. 相似文献6.
Estela I. Guerrero Juan A. Morán-Pinzón José L. López-Pérez Dionisio Olmedo Mahabir P. Gupta 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2009
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Dimerocostus strobilaceus is used by the Kuna Indians of Panama for the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.Aim of the study
We investigated the vascular effects of acid and neutral fractions obtained from methanol and dichloromethane extracts of Dimerocostus strobilaceus.Materials and methods
The acid and neutral methanol fractions (A-MeOH and N-MeOH) or acid and neutral dichlorometanic fractions (A-DCM and N-DCM) were tested using isolated rat aortic rings with or without endothelium pre-contracted by phenylephrine. We examined the ability of these different fractions at different concentrations to modify vascular responses induced by angiotensin II using endothelium-denuded aortic rings from Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR).Results
In aortic rings with intact endothelium A-MeOH, N-MeOH and A-DCM fractions produced a concentration-dependent vasorelaxation (62.4 ± 5.2, 64.5 ± 5.0 and 63.7 ± 5.0%, respectively), whereas the N-DCM fraction did not produce any vasorelaxant effect. Maximal relaxation evocated by vasoactive fractions was substantially inhibited on aortic rings without endothelium.Our study demonstrates that A-MeOH, N-MeOH, A-DCM and N-DCM significantly reduce contractile responses induced by angiotensin-II on aortic rings.Conclusions
Our findings may contribute to a better understanding of the potential link between vascular properties observed with Dimerocostus strobilaceus and their ethnobotanical use. 相似文献7.
Odile Desire Céline Rivière René Razafindrazaka Laurence Goossens Stéphane Moreau Jean Guillon Suzanne Uverg-Ratsimamanga Pascal Andriamadio Nicholas Moore Adolphe Randriantsoa Amélie Raharisololalao 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2010
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Mascarenhasia arborescens A. DC. (Apocynaceae) is used in traditional medicine in the North of Madagascar to treat intestinal disorders, intestinal spasms and diarrhoea.Aim of the study
The main objective of this work was to evaluate the antispasmodic activity of the crude methanolic extract of Mascarenhasia arborescens and of its four partitions and to identify the effective compound responsible for this effect.Materials and methods
Isolation and structure elucidation techniques were performed in order to identify the bioactive constituent of Mascarenhasia arborescens and HPLC analysis was used for its quantification. Total phenolic content (TPC) of crude extracts and partitions were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Crude methanolic extract, partitions and the bioactive compound were investigated for their spasmolytic activity on several isolated organs. Their antiradical activity was also investigated by the DPPH test.Results
Bioassay-guided fractionation using isolated guinea pig ileum pre-contracted with histamine 3 × 10−6 M led to the isolation of davidigenin (DG), a dihydrochalcone, as the main active constituent from the most promising methylene chloride partition (McP). This partition was effective on isolated guinea pig ileum pre-contracted with 3 × 10−6 M histamine, with a median effective concentration (EC50) of 41.19 ± 3.74 μg/ml. The DG content of this partition was shown to be 26.5% by HPLC. DG induced a concentration-dependent relaxation of the histamine pre-contracted guinea pig ileum with an EC50 of 8.04 ± 0.81 μg/ml and a concentration-dependent relaxation of the acetylcholine pre-contracted rat duodenum with an EC50 of 9.35 ± 0.30 μg/ml. It inhibited in a non-competitive manner histamine-induced isolated ileum contraction and the acetylcholine-induced isolated duodenum contraction. Moreover, DG does not have any antiradical activity.Conclusions
We demonstrated for the first time antispasmodic and antioxidant effects of Mascarenhasia arborescens. This study supports its use in traditional medicine. Furthermore, we highlighted the crucial role of davidigenin in the antispasmodic activity of this plant. 相似文献8.
Gisele Zapata-Sudo Thaiana C.F. Mendes Marcelle A. Kartnaller Tiago O. Fortes Nathália F.B. Freitas Maria Auxiliadora Coelho Kaplan Roberto Takashi Sudo 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2010
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Dorstenia arifolia is a plant that has been used in the folk medicine to produce hypnotic, sedative and ansiolitic effects but the pharmacological properties have not yet been studied. In addition, the smoke of its rhizome is reputed to induce lethargic sensation.Aims of the study
The present study investigated possible activities of the methanol extract (ME) of Dorstenia arifolia rhizome on the central nervous system (CNS).Materials and methods
ME was tested for sedative, hypnotic and anticonsulsant effects using locomotor activity evaluation, pentobarbital-induced sleeping time and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced convulsion, respectively.Results
Intraperitoneal administration of ME (10 and 50 mg/kg) significantly decreased locomotor activity from 205.2 ± 25.6 movements/min (DMSO) to 112.1 ± 18.4 (P < 0.05) and 114.9 ± 16.9 (P < 0.05), respectively. Flumazenil (10 mg/kg), an antagonist of GABAA receptor, prevented the ME-induced sedation. Treatment with ME (50 mg/kg) significantly increased the duration of pentobarbital-induced sleeping time from 41.0 ± 2.3 to 57.9 ± 2.9 min (P < 0.05). The latencies to seizures after intraperitoneal injection of PTZ was recorded and compared between groups. ME promoted a significant protection of PTZ-induced seizures and mortality in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions
Our findings indicate that ME of Dorstenia arifolia rizhome has pronounced central effects, and that the sedative and anticonvulsant activities may be related to a facilitation of the GABAergic transmission. 相似文献9.
S.M. Kamruzzaman Mehari Endale Won Jun Oh Seung-Chun Park Kil-Soo Kim Joo Heon Hong Yi-Seong Kwak Bong-Sik Yun Man Hee Rhee 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2010
Ethnopharmacological relevance
B. sarmienti has long been recognized in folk medicine as a medicinal plant with various medicinal uses. Traditionally, it has been appreciated for the skin-healing properties of its essence. The bark has also been employed to treat stomach and cardiovascular disorders and reported to have antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, information on its antiplatelet activity is limited.Aim of the study
To examined the effects of B. sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) in platelet physiology.Materials and methods
The anti-platelet activity of BSAE was studied using rat platelets for in vitro determination of the extract effect on agonist-induced platelet aggregation, ATP secretion, [Ca2+]i mobilization and MAP kinase phosphorylation. The extract in vivo effects was also examined in arterio-venous shunt thrombus formation in rats, and tail bleeding time in mice.Result
HPLC chromatographic analysis revealed that B. sarmienti extract contained (+)-catechin (C), (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (−)-epicatechin (EC), and (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECG). BSAE, significantly and dose dependently, inhibited collagen, thrombin, or ADP-induced platelet aggregation. The 50 percent inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the extract for collagen, thrombin and ADP-induced platelet aggregation were 45.3 ± 2.6, 100 ± 5.6 and 110 ± 4.6 μg/ml, respectively. Collagen activated ATP release and thrombin-induced intracellular Ca2+ concentration were reduced in BSAE-treated platelets. In addition, the extract in vivo activity showed that BSAE at 100 mg/kg significantly attenuated thrombus formation in rat extracorporeal shunt model while mice tail bleeding time was not affected. Moreover, BSAE attenuated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) and extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase 2 (ERK2) phosphorylations.Conclusion
BSAE inhibits platelet activation, granule secretion, aggregation, and thrombus formation without affecting bleeding time, and that this effect is mediated by inhibition of P38, JNK1 and ERK2 phosphorylations. The ability of BSAE to inhibit platelet function might be relevant in cases involving aberrant platelet activation where the plant extract could be considered as a candidate to anti-platelet and antithrombotic agent. 相似文献10.