HPLC-MS同时测定益母草制剂中盐酸水苏碱与盐酸益母草碱的含量

建立益母草制剂中盐酸水苏碱与盐酸益母草碱的含量测定方法。采用LC-MS同时测定盐酸水苏碱与盐酸益母草碱的含量。使用Waters XBridge Amide色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.1%甲酸为流动相,流速1.0 m L·min-1,分流比为1∶4。质谱条件为ESI离子源,正离子模式,选择性离子扫描(SIM)下对盐酸水苏碱(m/z 144.0)和盐酸益母草碱(m/z312.0)进行测定。盐酸水苏碱浓度在0.562 8~281.4μg·L-1线性关系良好(r=0.999 8)。盐酸益母草碱浓度在0.521 2~260.6μg·L-1性关系良好(r=0.999 8)。该方法准确、简便、可靠,可作为益母草制剂的含量测定方法。     

高速逆流色谱法分离制备益母草中益母草碱

目的建立高速逆流色谱(HSCCC)技术高效快速地分离制备益母草中益母草碱的方法。方法单因素实验优化益母草碱的提取工艺,而后考察不同的HSCCC溶剂体系,根据分配系数(K),确定溶剂体系为醋酸乙酯-正丁醇-水(3∶2∶5),以其上相为固定相,下相为流动相,转速850 r/min,体积流量2.2 mL/min,检测波长为277 nm,对益母草样品进行HSCCC分离。结果益母草正丁醇萃取部位通过HSCCC可分离得到益母草碱,该方法成功应用于益母草粗提物中益母草碱的分离:1次HSCCC运行可从2.48 g益母草70%乙醇粗提物(益母草碱质量分数为3.01%)中分离得到68 mg益母草碱,质量分数为96.2%,得率为2.74%。结论建立的方法可高效分离纯化益母草中的益母草碱,为得到高纯度的益母草碱提供了制备技术。     

益母草饮片标准汤剂研究

建立益母草饮片标准汤剂质量评价标准。制备13批不同品质的益母草饮片标准汤剂,对盐酸益母草碱和盐酸水苏碱进行含量测定、计算其转移率、测定出膏率及pH、建立HPLC指纹图谱分析方法。结果 13批益母草饮片标准汤剂中盐酸益母草碱和盐酸水苏碱转移率分别为30.0%~53.4%,67.0%~82.6%,干膏得率12.1%~18.3%,pH 5.87~6.22,并用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012A)软件进行指纹图谱分析,确定了12个共有峰,对13批益母草饮片标准汤剂分别进行相似度评价,其相似度均大于0.9。该研究中益母草饮片制备方法规范,指纹图谱相似度高,其方法精密度、稳定性和重复性良好,可为益母草配方颗粒质量控制提供参考。     

抑制型离子色谱法测定益母草中水苏碱含量

目的:建立一种离子色谱测定益母草及其制剂中水苏碱的新型分离检测方法,以期为水苏碱的研究提供一种新的思路。方法:采用CS12A阳离子交换柱(4 mm×250 mm)为色谱柱,以CSRS 500(4 mm)自循环电的抑制方式抑制洗脱液的背景电离,抑制电流为16 m A,6 mmol·L~(-1)的甲磺酸溶液为淋洗液等度洗脱,流速为0.8 m L·min~(-1),柱温为30℃,检测方式为电导检测。结果:在上述色谱条件下,益母草中的水苏碱达到有效分离和快速检测。水苏碱质量在0.41~10.23 mg拥有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9),检测限为0.11 mg·L~(-1),定量限为0.41 mg·L~(-1),重复性验证结果为7.88~8.38 mg·g~(-1),RSD为2.3%(n=6),加样回收验证结果的平均回收率为98.74%~101.82%,RSD为1.2%(n=6),8批不同产地的益母草中水苏碱的平均质量分数为7.16~15.63 g·L~(-1),其中贵州修文县中水苏碱含量最高为15.63 mg·g~(-1),平邑流峪中水苏碱含量最低为7.16 mg·g~(-1)。结论:该文建立的方法重复性好,准确性高,专属性强、操作简单,可用于益母草及其制剂中水苏碱的定量、定性检测分析,同时也为离子色谱法测定季铵型结构的化合物的实验研究提供方法依据。     

HPLC-ELSD测定益母草颗粒中盐酸水苏碱的含量

目的:建立HPLC-ELSD测定益母草颗粒中盐酸水苏碱含量的方法。方法:供试品采用732钠型阳离子交换树脂处理;Venusil HILIC丙基酰胺键合硅胶色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);柱温室温;流动相乙腈-0.2%冰乙酸溶液(80∶20);流速1 m L·min~(-1);进样量10μL。蒸发光散射检测器参数:漂移管温度79℃;载气体积流量2 L·min~(-1)。结果:盐酸水苏碱在0.498~4.980μg呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 5,n=6);无糖型益母草颗粒平均加样回收率为99.7%,RSD 2.0%(n=6);有糖型益母草颗粒平均加样回收率为99.3%,RSD 1.9%(n=6)。结论:采用732钠型阳离子交换树脂精制和Venusil HILIC丙基酰胺键合硅胶柱、蒸发光散射检测器的检测方法测定,操作简便,结果准确,可作为益母草颗粒中盐酸水苏碱的含量测定方法,并可为益母草的其他单位制剂中盐酸水苏碱的含量测定提供参考及借鉴。     

益母草膏存储过程中的水苏碱的含量变化及影响因素

目的探讨益母草膏在储存过程中其指标性成分盐酸水苏碱含量降解的影响因素.方法采用薄层扫描法测定益母草膏中盐酸水苏碱的含 量,考察不同温度(15℃、35℃)和光照(避光、见光)对益母草膏存储过程中盐酸水苏碱含量的影响.结果温度对盐酸水苏碱的含量影响较 小,并非主要影响因素;光照可以引起益母草膏中盐酸水苏碱的分解,益母草膏在见光保存的条件下储存4个月,盐酸水苏碱的含量降低43.3%.结论益母草膏中的盐酸水苏碱对光照不稳定,在生产和储存过程中均需要避光保存.     

HPLC测定益母草软胶囊中盐酸水苏碱的含量

目的:应用高效液相色谱法测定益母草软胶囊中盐酸水苏碱的含量.方法:采用Kromasi C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,乙腈-水(80∶20)为流动相,检测波长192 nm,流速1.0 mL· min-1进行含量测定.结果:盐酸水苏碱在2.456 ～12.280 μg线性关系良好(r=0.9998),平均加样回收率98.67％,RSD 1.39％.结论:方法简便、专属性强、重复性好.     

离子对色谱法同时测定益母草片中盐酸水苏碱、盐酸益母草碱

目的采用离子对色谱法测定益母草片中盐酸水苏碱、盐酸益母草碱的量。方法色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为0.010 mol/L辛烷磺酸钠溶液(用磷酸溶液调至pH 2.0)和乙腈,梯度洗脱;检测波长为192 nm(盐酸水苏碱),218 nm(盐酸益母草碱),体积流量为1.0 mL/min,柱温35℃。结果盐酸水苏碱在18.29⁹14.5 mg/L范围内,峰面积与质量浓度呈良好线性关系(r=0.999 96,n=7);盐酸益母草碱在0.645 3914.5 mg/L范围内,峰面积与质量浓度呈良好线性关系(r=0.999 96,n=7);盐酸益母草碱在0.645 3³2.26 mg/L范围内,峰面积与质量浓度呈良好线性关系(r=0.999 97,n=7)。盐酸水苏碱平均回收率(n=9)为99.7%,RSD为1.4%;盐酸益母草碱为98.2%,RSD为0.7%。结论该方法准确、稳定、快速、通用,可用于益母草片质量控制。     

益母草碱对急性心肌梗死大鼠的影响

目的:观察益母草碱对急性心肌梗死造成的心肌缺血和心肌细胞损害的影响并探讨其作用机制。方法:雄性SD大鼠随机分为5组,分别为假手术组,模型组,益母草碱高、低剂量组(30,15 mg·kg-1·d-1)和卡托普利阳性药组(4 mg·kg-1·d-1),除假手术组外其余各组采用结扎冠状动脉左前降支的方法制备大鼠急性心肌梗死模型,所有动物冠脉结扎前1周按相应剂量ip药物,第8天造模,术后继续ip给药2 d后,处死动物,2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色法检测并计算心肌梗死面积,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)试剂盒测定大鼠血清中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),肌酸激酶(CK)的水平,超氧化歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠心肌梗死面积明显增大,血清中LDH,CK,MDA含量水平明显升高,总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)水平明显降低(P0.05,P0.01);与模型组比较,益母草碱能明显减小心梗大鼠左心室梗死面积,并能明显降低心梗大鼠血清中LDH,CK及MDA的水平,明显升高血清中T-SOD的活性(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:益母草碱对急性心肌缺血造成的心肌损伤有良好的预防性保护作用,其作用机制可能与提高心肌组织抗氧化能力有关。     

HPLC法测定4种益母草制剂中盐酸水苏碱及其标准方法评价

目的针对4种不同剂型的益母草制剂,建立统一的盐酸水苏碱定量测定方法,快速有效的评价当前益母草制剂的质量情况。方法采用HPLC-UV法,色谱柱为强阳离子交换色谱柱(SCX柱),流动相为乙腈-0.05mol/L磷酸二氢钾-磷酸(15∶85∶0.15),检测波长192 nm。结果盐酸水苏碱在0.238～19.04μg的范围内,线性关系良好(r=0.999 7)。平均回收率分别为99.0%(益母草颗粒)、98.1%(益母草膏)、99.5%(益母草片)、102.0%(益母草胶囊),RSD均小于2%。结论建立的定量测定方法专属性强、重复性好,操作简便,可以有效地评价不同样品之间的质量差异。     

基于ICP-MS法的加味左金丸中无机元素分析

目的 通过电感耦合等离子体质谱（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）法建立加味左金丸中Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、V、Ni、Cu、Li、Sb、Ba、Mo、Sn、Cr、Na、Mg、Al、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Zn、Ga、Se、Sr、Tl共计26种无机元素的测定方法。方法 加味左金丸通过微波消解法处理后,根据相对分子质量的大小选择内标物,其中⁷Li、²³Na、²⁴Mg、²⁷Al、⁴⁰Ca、⁴⁸Ti、⁵¹V、⁵²Cr、⁵⁵Mn、⁵⁶Fe、⁵⁸Ni、⁵⁹Co、⁶³Cu、⁶⁶Zn、⁷⁰Ga、⁷⁵As、⁷⁷Se、⁸⁶Sr以⁷²Ge作为内标;⁹⁵Mo、¹¹⁴Cd、¹¹⁸Sn、¹²¹Sb、¹³⁷Ba以¹¹⁵In作为内标;²⁰²Hg、²⁰⁵Tl、²⁰⁸Pb以²⁰⁹Bi作为内标。对标准品溶液、空白溶液与供试品溶液进行分析,采用标准曲线法进行定量分析。通过ICP-MS法进行测定。结果 26种无机元素线性的相关系数r ≥ 0.999 6,检出限为0.001~1.500μg/L,定量限为0.01~5.00 μg/L,精密度与重复性试验的RSD均小于5%,平均回收率在82.64%~106.44%,RSD均小于5%。对3个厂家的12批样品进行了测定,26种元素的含量差异较大,其中Na、Mg、Ca、Fe 4种元素的含量比较高,均大于500 μg/g,Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、Li、Sb、Mo、Sn、Cr、Se、Tl的含量比较低,均小于1 μg/g。由结果可知,人体的常量元素,如Na、Mg、Ca的含量比较高,Cd、Pb、As、Hg等有害元素含量比较低。根据《中国药典》2020年版一部的要求,本品中Cd、Pb、As、Hg与Cu均符合规定。结论 该方法快速、准确,可以用于加味左金丸中无机元素的测定。     

Erstaunliches Ergebnis einer Schädelakupunktur nach Yamamoto bei Hemihypsarrhythmie rechts

A girl, three and a half years old at the respective date, premature in 25th week of gestation, had been presented. On day three after birth, she had had a IVH III° right and left with severe involvement of parenchyma and other multiple complications, e. a. infant respiratory distress syndrome up to the 42nd day postpartum, and epileptic attacks with apnoeic events.     

七味红花殊胜散对缺血再灌注肝损伤的保护作用

目的::研究七味红花殊胜敬对缺血再灌注肝损伤的保护作用.方法:在大鼠肝缺血再灌注模型上,观察七味红花殊胜散对缺血再灌注肝损伤引起的血清丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、一氧化氮(NO)含量的变化.结果:七味红花殊胜散对大鼠血清MDA、SOD、GSH与再灌组比较有明显差异(P<0.05),NO含量与再灌组比较有明显差异(P<0.05).结论:七味红花殊胜散对大鼠急性缺血再灌注肝损伤具有保护作用.     

Methodology of Canine/Feline YNSA and Tail Acupuncture

BackgroundYamamoto New Scalp Acupuncture (YNSA) is a well-known acupuncture system for human patients which was developed by Dr. Yamamoto.ObjectiveMy aim was to transpose the human YNSA map onto canines and felines.MethodI started researching a canine/feline YNSA map in 2002. I investigated approximately 3,000 canines and felines for YNSA and 2,500 for Tail Acupuncture. The ratio of canines and felines was 6 to 4. I researched and found all the equivalent points by palpating animal patients on the basis of an exact Neck Diagnosis.ResultsI nearly completed the map in 2006. The points in the occipital region are incomplete and my research is still in progress. In the process of researching canine/feline YNSA points, I accidentally found the other microsystems around the tail and named it “Tail Acupuncture”.ConclusionsYNSA and Tail Acupuncture are acupuncture systems utilizing microsystems and support each other in canines and felines. The merits of YNSA and Tail Acupuncture are 1) immediate effects, such as in cases of lameness, 2) simplicity in finding the exact points to treat and 3) the scalp and the tail can be utilized separately or together as treatment zones, according to the situation.     

Chinesische Orthopädie: Teil 1: Die Zukunft der Akupunktur in der Postmoderne

The locomotor system is one of the major fields of application for acupuncture. The results of the large acupuncture studies funded by German Health Insurances from 2000 until 2006 are impressive and repressive: they restrict acupuncture application by allocation of reimbursement and create the necessity of reorientation, since acupuncture can neither be adequately described nor prescribed solely on the basis of disease entities. Regarding these disease entities, it seems rather necessary to analyse the layers of problems and formulate a hierarchy of therapeutic goals instead. Only in this way the effects of acupuncture, related techniques and further therapeutic modalities can be matched with the set of objectives. The article presents general principles and follows their application from biological aspects to implications for the locomotor system and consequences for the application of physical therapy. The manual of acupuncture focuses on therapeutic effects and objectives first, and then goes on to sketch simple therapeutic strategies and finally complex approaches within acupuncture. These may encompass acupuncture, microsystem acupuncture and complex therapeutic modes.     

Fallbericht: Patientin mit Schlafstörung

Background

Since the onset of her menopause about ten years ago, a sixty-year old patient has been suffering from hot flashes and sleep disorders causing her to become increasingly anxious and nervous. As the patient's mother had died of breast cancer, substitution of hormones was not advisable. Relaxation methods such as Yoga and Autogenic Training could only mildly alleviate the symptoms.

Objective

To effectively treat the sleep disorder, improve quality of life, lessen frequency and severity of hot flashes

Methods

Weekly sessions with ear- and body acupuncture for ten weeks

Results

After the third acupuncture session the patient reported a decrease of nightly waking episodes but suffered from acute pain in the neck as well as shoulder region. After nine therapy sessions, the patient reported a 50% decrease of nightly waking episodes. The hot flashes, however, remained unchanged.

Discussion

In this case, acupuncture significantly improved the patient's sleeping disorder. It also reduced the symptoms of anxiety and nervousness. Other menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and dryness of mucous tissues, could not be influenced.     

Patientin mit chronisch rezidivierenden Gelenks- und Wirbelsäulenschmerzen

Background

Acupuncture as a regulative therapy is well-suited for the treatment of functional, reversible disorders. Additionally, the WHO recommends its application for pain therapy in cases of arthritis and back pain due to various causes. This case study should clarify which paths to take in the case of a multi-morbid patient suffering from chronic pains due to polyarthrosis.

Objective

Pain reduction and improvement of quality of life as well as improvement of sleep quality.

Methods

Annual treatment series consisting of 10 sessions each, one session per week.

Results

short-term pain reduction before undergoing endoprosthetic surgery; considerable improvement of general status and sleep.

Conclusions

Acupuncture may bring temporal relief in cases of chronic pain due to osteoarthritis and should therefore be applied in combination with western medicine. Acupuncture is particularly well-suited to treat the co-emergent vegetative symptoms.     

常见证候荷瘤小鼠神经内分泌免疫组织基因转录的总体特征

目的揭示常见证候荷瘤小鼠神经-内分泌-免疫组织基因转录的总体特征。方法采用小鼠标准化四诊及辨证方法，及Gene Chip Mouse Exon1．0ST Array等技术，检测H22荷瘤小鼠早期邪毒壅盛（邪毒）和气虚、中期阳气虚、中晚期气阴阳虚等4个常见证候下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺、睾丸、脾脏、胸腺、肿瘤RNA的转录与剪接。结果正常昆明种雄性小鼠下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺RNA电泳的28S峰低于18S，而睾丸、脾脏、胸腺、肿瘤相反。肿瘤发生的早期，下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺基因表达模式发生显著改变，邪毒尤甚，出现了失代偿。下丘脑28SRNA迅速抬升并持续，气虚强于邪毒。垂体RNA总量降低，28S陡降，邪毒尤甚。肾上腺RNA电泳特征类似垂体，气虚与邪毒相近，中晚期气阴阳虚尤甚。睾丸变化不明显。随着病情发展，脾脏重量持续增加，而胸腺相反，重量持续下降，蛋白合成和糖代谢下降。肿瘤组织蛋白合成与糖代谢，邪毒大于气虚。以上7个组织与正常对照组相比，有9127个基因表达发生差异、51126个外显子剪接发生差异。结论神经-内分泌-免疫网络组织基因转录的差异是荷瘤小鼠不同证候内在重要的物质基础。