泰山赤灵芝肽多糖的化学研究

从泰山赤灵芝中分离得到7个肽多糖,对主要成分化学研究证明TGLP-2分子量20.9×10⁴,为β-(1→3)(1→4)连接的甘露葡聚糖肽,TGLP-3分子量4.5×104,为β-(1→3)(1→4)(1→6)甙键连接的葡聚糖肽,并有α-甙键存在,TGLP-6分子量32×10⁴,为β-(1→3)(1→4)甙键相连的葡聚糖肽,TGLP-7分子量10×10⁴,为β-(1→3)(1→4)(1→6)糖甙键的半乳聚糖肽。     

丹参多糖的提取分离及结构鉴定

目的：对中药丹参中多糖进行研究。方法：丹参药材经过水提醇沉得到丹参粗多糖,以DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow 纯化后,以H₂O₂脱色,流水透析,冷冻干燥后得到2个浅黄色均一多糖SMP 1,SMP 0.5,经¹3C-NMR,DEPT,IR谱,单糖组分分析、部分酸水解等方法鉴定其结构。结果：SMP 1,SMP 0.5相对分子质量分别约为1.39×10⁶,4.03×10⁵,SMP 1主要以α-(1→6)D-Glc聚合而成,有少量的α-(1→2)D-Glc聚合；SMP 0.5主要由α-(1→6)D-Glc聚合而成。结论：SMP 1,SMP 0.5为从丹参中首次分离得到的中性均一多糖。     

猴头菌丝体多糖的化学研究

目的:对猴头菌丝体的多糖类成分进行化学组成及结构研究。方法:DEAE 纤维素、DEAE-Sephadex 柱分离,葡聚糖凝胶柱层析测定纯度,凝胶过滤法测定分子量,酶解、气相色谱及光谱分析等测定化学组成及结构。结果和结论:从猴头菌丝体中分离得到5 个多糖均一体,其主要成分HEPA₁ 分子量6 .2 ×10⁴ ,为以葡萄糖为主的杂多糖,单糖组成摩尔比为葡萄糖∶阿拉伯糖∶木糖= 33 .1∶1 .7∶1 .0 ;HEPA₄ 分子量2 .6 ×10⁴ ,为杂多糖肽,肽部分由17 种氨基酸组成,占糖肽的3 .8 % ;HEPB2 分子量1 .2×10⁴ ,为以葡萄糖为主的杂多糖,单糖组成摩尔比为葡萄糖∶阿拉伯糖∶木糖∶甘露糖= 50 .7∶2 .1∶1 .0∶2 .4 。各均一体单糖间的甙键构型均以α-甙键为主。     

转基因西洋参冠瘿组织中人参皂苷类成分的分离鉴定

 目的分离鉴定转基因西洋参冠瘿组织中的化学成分。方法以本研究组转导和培养的西洋参冠瘿组织为实验材料,体积分数为70%乙醇超声提取,硅胶柱色谱分离,用MS,¹H-NMR、¹³C-NMR、HMBC等谱学方法确定结构。结果分离得到5个化合物,分别为20(S)-人参皂苷Rh₁(Ⅰ)、20(S)-人参皂苷Rg₃(Ⅱ)、人参皂苷Re(Ⅲ)、20(S)-达玛烷-3β,6α,12β,20,25-五醇-6-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-(1→2)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅳ)和人参皂苷Rg₁(Ⅴ)。结论上述5个成分均为首次从转基因西洋参冠瘿组织培养物中分离得到,化合物Ⅳ为新天然产物。     

蝉翼藤根中的皂苷类成分及其肿瘤细胞毒活性

采用硅胶柱色谱、MPLC、制备与半制备HPLC等分离技术从蝉翼藤根的95%乙醇提取物中分离得到7个乙酰化的三萜皂苷类化合物。通过理化性质和MS,NMR等波谱数据鉴定其结构分别为蝉翼藤皂苷A(1),蝉翼藤皂苷B(2),3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-4-O- [(E)-3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl]-β-D-fucopyranosyl ester (3), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D- glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-4-O- [(E/Z)-3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl]-β-D-fucopyranosyl ester(3/4),3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-4-O-[(E)-3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl]-β-D-fucopyranosyl ester(5),远志皂苷XLV(6),远志皂苷XLVI(7)。其中化合物 5~7 为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物 3,3/4 为首次从该种植物中分离获得。采用MTT法对所得化合物进行抗肿瘤活性评价,结果表明化合物 2,3/4,5 对肺癌细胞株LLC具有中等抑制作用,其IC₅₀分别为41.10, 38.17, 48.92 μmol·L^-1;化合物 2对乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7有中等抑制作用,其IC₅₀为47.93 μmol·L^-1。     

灵芝多糖对IEC-6细胞促增殖、迁移与分化作用

 目的通过灵芝多糖作用于体外培养的大鼠小肠隐窝细胞株IEC-6细胞,观察灵芝多糖对IEC-6细胞增殖、迁移与分化的影响。方法不同浓度的灵芝多糖作用于正常IEC-6细胞44h后,用噻唑蓝(MTT)法测细胞的增殖。灵芝多糖预作用IEC-6细胞46h后,用500μmol·L^{-12O₂刺激IEC-6细胞40min,以MTT法测细胞的增殖变化。采用IEC-6单层肠上皮细胞损伤重建模型,检测灵芝多糖对IEC-6细胞迁移的影响,并用ELISA方法检测培养细胞上清中TGF-β的含量以探讨迁移途径。对细胞进行HE染色来观察IEC-6细胞的分化情况。结果灵芝多糖对正常及受H₂O₂损伤后的IEC-6细胞均有促增殖作用,并呈量效关系;10mg·L-1灵芝多糖可促进受损IEC-6细胞的迁移,但对细胞上清中TGFβ含量无影响。在10mg·L-1灵芝多糖作用下,IEC-6细胞分化程度增高。结论灵芝多糖可以促进IEC-6细胞增殖、迁移与分化。其促迁移作用是非依赖TGFβ途径的。}     

三七花中1个新的丙二酸酰化型人参皂苷

目的 研究三七Panax notoginseng花的化学成分。方法 采用70%乙醇水超声提取,醋酸乙酯与正丁醇萃取,利用D101大孔吸附树脂、硅胶、MCI gel CHP20、ODS反相柱色谱和制备液相色谱等方法进行分离和纯化,通过高分辨质谱、以及核磁共振波谱等多种光谱技术进行化合物结构解析和鉴定。结果 从三七花提取物中分离并鉴定出13个化合物,包括1个新丙二酸酰化型人参皂苷:3β,12β,20S-达玛烷型四环三萜-24-烯-3-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-(6-O-丙二酰基)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-20-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→6)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1),以及12个已知化合物。其中,中性人参皂苷10个:人参皂苷Rd(2)、人参皂苷F₁(3)、人参皂苷Rb₁(4)、人参皂苷Rb₂(5)、人参皂苷Rb₃(6)、人参皂苷Rc(7)、竹节参皂苷L₅(8)、人参皂苷F₃(9)、三七皂苷FP₂(10)、三七皂苷Fa(11);黄酮类化合物2个:山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(12)和槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(13)。结论 化合物1为新化合物,命名为丙二酰三七花蕾皂苷Rb₁,化合物9为首次从三七植物中分离得到。     

毛冬青化学成分研究

 目的研究江西产毛冬青根的化学成分,阐明其药理作用的物质基础。方法通过反复的硅胶、反相硅胶以及SephadexLH-20柱色谱等方法分离纯化化合物,利用核磁共振等现代波谱技术解析化合物结构。结果从毛冬青根中分得14个化合物,并鉴定结构为3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖-3β,19α,24-三羟基取代齐墩果酸-28-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(3-O-β-D-xylopyranosylspathod-icacid28-β-D-glucopyranosylester,1),丁香脂素-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(syringaresinolmono-β-D-glucoside,2),广玉兰赖宁苷C(magnoleninC,3),丁香脂素-4,4′-O-β-D-双葡萄苷(liriodendrin,4)、ilexsaponin A₁(5)、ilexsaponin B₁(6)、ilexsaponinB2(7)、ilexosideA(8)、ilexoside O(9)、ilexgenin A(10)、ilexgenin B 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside(11)、肌醇(myoinositol,12)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,13)和胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,14)。结论化合物1为首次发现的新化合物,2为首次从冬青属植物中分离得到,3为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

四块瓦的化学成分研究

 目的对报春花科珍珠菜属植物四块瓦(Lysimachia pardiformis Franch.)的全草进行化学成分研究。方法对四块瓦全草提取物进行柱色谱,根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据鉴定结构。结果分离鉴定了7个化合物,分别鉴定为儿茶素(1),表儿茶素(2),pavetannin A(3),肉桂鞣质B₁(4),maesopsin-6-O-glucopyranoside(5),quercetin3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-xylopyranoside(6),尿囊素(7)。结论所有化合物均为首次从珍珠菜属分离得到。     

单色云芝多糖的结构研究

 目的研究单色云芝多糖(CUP)的化学结构,并与云芝多糖进行比较。方法气相色谱分析糖组成,红外光谱(IR)、高碘酸氧化、甲基化、核磁共振(NMR)等方法确定多糖的结构。结果CUP单糖组成为葡萄糖,相对分子质量约1.3×10⁴,主要连接方式为β-(1→3)连接,此外包括α-(1→3),β-(1→6),α-(1→4),(1→3,6)和(1→4,6)连接。结论CUP的单糖组成和结构与云芝多糖相似,在相对分子质量、蛋白含量等方面有区别。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.     

瑞香科五属植物中酚性聚合物的结构特征、分布及药理活性研究进展

瑞香科植物广泛分布于世界热带和温带地区,其中多种植物可供药用。在对该科植物的研究中发现,黄酮类、木脂素和香豆素等酚性化合物的低聚体为其重要的特征性成分,药理活性主要表现在抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌和抗病毒等方面。对已发现的酚性聚合体的化学结构、植物来源及药理活性进行综述,为瑞香科植物今后的研究和开发利用提供参考。     

HPLC法同时测定沉香化滞丸中11种成分

目的采用HPLC梯度洗脱法同时测定沉香化滞丸中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚11种成分。方法采用Thermo Syncronis C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为水-乙腈,梯度洗脱:0～10 min,20%乙腈;10～20 min,20%～40%乙腈;20～24 min,40%乙腈;24～26 min,40%～52%乙腈;26～30 min,52%乙腈;30～31 min,52%～90%乙腈;31～35 min,90%乙腈;35～40 min,90%～100%乙腈;40～43min,100%乙腈;43～45min,100%～20%乙腈;检测波长215nm,体积流量1.0m L/min,柱温30℃,进样量20μL。结果各成分在43 min内分离良好,沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚的线性范围分别为1.4～13.6、10.0～200.0、31.5～315.0、1.0～120.1、1.8～50.6、0.93～10.1、1.8～30.0、0.2～40.3、1.8～18.1、1.7～25.0、0.45～10.70μg/mL;样品中各成分的平均回收率均在98.90%～100.87%;11种成分精密度RSD在0.55%～1.54%;供试品溶液在30 h内稳定性良好,RSD在0.75%～1.94%;重复性RSD在0.39%～1.73%。6批次样品中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚质量分数分别为92.0～201.0、511.5～9 033.0、5 475.0～12 635.5、54.5～5 095.5、192.0～2 137.5、117.0～391.5、106.5～1 281.5、13.0～136.5、93.5～199.0、177.0～1 207.0、33.5～251.5μg/g。结论本方法准确、快速、简便,重复性好,精密度高,适用于沉香化滞丸中多种活性成分的定量分析。