裸花紫珠叶中1个新的环烯醚萜苷

目的研究裸花紫珠Callicarpa nudiflora的化学成分。方法利用硅胶、MPLC柱色谱、高效制备液相色谱等色谱方法进行分离纯化,根据理化常数测定及波谱数据分析鉴定化合物结构。结果从裸花紫珠叶80%乙醇提取物中分离得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为6′-O-咖啡酰基益母草苷(1)、木犀草素(2)、5,4′-二羟基-3,7,3′-三甲氧基黄酮(3)、木犀草素-4′-O-(6″-E-咖啡酰)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、2α,3α,19α,23-四羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸(5)。结论化合物1为新化合物,命名为裸花紫珠苷A1。     

裸花紫株叶的化学成分研究

目的:对裸花紫珠叶的化学成分进行系统研究。方法:应用75%乙醇提取,采用多种色谱分离技术对提取物中化学成分进行分离纯化,结合化合物的理化性质及波谱学技术进行结构鉴定。结果:通过理化数据及波谱学方法鉴定了6个化合物的结构,分别为:芦丁(Rutin,1),迷迭香酸甲基酯(Methyl rosmarinate,2),5,7-二羟基-3'-甲氧基黄酮-4'-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5,7-dihydroxy-3'-methoxy fiavone-4'-O!β-D-pyranoglucoside,3),胡萝卜苷(Daucosterol,4),木犀草素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,5),金石蚕苷(Poliumoside,6)。结论:化合物6为首次由裸花紫珠植物中分离得到。     

山绿茶化学成分研究

目的:研究山绿茶叶片的化学成分。方法:采用多种柱色谱方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质,质谱和NMR波谱数据鉴定结构。结果:从山绿茶中分离鉴定了10个化合物,分别为3β,19α-二羟基乌索-12-烯-24,28-二酸(1)、3β,19α-二羟基齐敦果-12-烯-24,28-二羧酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2)、3β,19α-二羟基乌索-12-烯-24,28-二羧酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)、2-咖啡酰氧甲基-3-羟基-1-丁烯-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、芦丁(5)、北美圣草素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(7)、丁香脂素-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)、(2E)-2-甲基-2-丁烯-1,4-二醇-4-O-β-D-(6″-O-咖啡酰基)-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9)、1-O-咖啡酰基-(2E)-2-甲基-2-丁烯-1,4-二醇-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10)。结论:化合物4、7～10为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

裸花紫珠黄酮苷类化合物的分离与结构鉴定

目的:研究裸花紫珠95%乙醇提取物的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶,MCI,C_(18)等柱色谱方法对裸花紫珠中化学成分进行分离纯化,并经波谱数据分析和文献对照鉴定化合物结构。结果:从裸花紫珠叶95%乙醇提取物中分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为木犀草苷(1),木犀草素-3'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2),木犀草素-4'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷丁酯(4),木犀草素-3'-O-(6″-E-咖啡酰)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5),木犀草素-4'-O-(6'-E-咖啡酰)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6),木犀草素-7-O-(6″-E-咖啡酰)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7),木犀草素-7-O-(6″-E-阿魏酰)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)。结论:化合物4为首次从该植物分离得到。     

小果蔷薇根的化学成分研究

目的研究小果蔷薇Rosa cymosa根的化学成分。方法采用多种色谱方法进行分离纯化,结合波谱技术与化学方法进行结构鉴定。结果从小果蔷薇根的70%乙醇提取物中分离得到16个化合物,分别鉴定为2-乙酰基-洋委陵菜酸(1)、2-氧代-坡模酸(2)、2α,3α,19α-三羟基齐墩果烷-12-烯-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)、构莓苷F_1(4)、野蔷薇亭(5)、23-羟基-委陵菜酸(6)、阿江榄仁亭(7)、2α,3α,19α,23-四羟基乌苏烷-12-烯-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)、1β,3α,19α,23-四羟基乌苏烷-12-烯-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9)、儿茶素(10)、3,4-二羟基苯乙醇8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(11)、3,4,5-三甲氧基苯酚-O-β-D-芹糖-(1→6)-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(12)、4-羟基-3-甲氧基-1-苯基-O-(6′-O-没食子酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(13)、没食子酸乙酯(14)、3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(15)、3,4,5-三甲氧基苄基β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(16)。结论化合物9、11~13、15、16为首次从蔷薇属植物中分离得到,化合物3、9、11~16为首次从小果蔷薇中分离得到。     

地榆炭化学成分的研究(Ⅱ)

目的研究地榆炭的化学成分。方法采用色谱技术进行分离、纯化,通过理化常数和波谱分析鉴定化合物结构。结果从地榆炭中分离出11个化合物,分别为3β-羟基-28-去甲乌索-12,17-二烯-22-酮(1)、3β,19α-二羟基-齐墩果-12-烯-28-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(2)、3β-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖基-乌索-12,19(29)-二烯-28-酸(3)、3β-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖基-乌索-12,18-二烯-28-酸(4)、3β-羟基-乌索-12,19-二烯-28-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(5)、3β-羟基-乌索-12,18-二烯-28-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(6)、3β-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖基-乌索-12,19(29)-二烯-28-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(7)、3β-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖基-乌索-12,19-二烯-28-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(8)、3β-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖基-乌索-12,18-二烯-28-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(9)、3,4′-O-二甲基逆没食子酸(10)、没食子酸(11)。结论化合物1为新化合物,命名为地榆皂苷元V,化合物2、5首次从地榆中分离得到。     

猫儿刺叶中的三萜皂苷类成分

目的：研究猫儿刺（Ilex pernyi Franch）叶中的化学成分。方法：运用多种色谱方法进行分离纯化, 采用波谱解析并结合理化性质鉴定化合物结构。结果：分离得到 9 个化合物：2α, 23-二羟基-乌索酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（1）,常春藤皂苷元-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基（1→2）-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷（2）, 常春藤皂苷元-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基（1→2）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 （3）,常春藤皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基 （1→2）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（4）, 23-羟基-乌索酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（5）,竹节参苷Ⅳa （6）,23-羟基-乌索酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸甲酯苷（7）,铁冬青苷XXXVII （8）, 3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸基-2α, 23-二羟基-乌索酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（9）。结论：9 个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

红花桑寄生中的化学成分（英文）

从红花桑寄生茎叶中分离得到1个新的化合物为7β-羟基-何帕-22(29)-烯-3β-棕榈酸酯(1),以及9个已知化合物,分别鉴定为熊果醇(2)、3-表乌苏酸(3)、3β-羟基-何帕-22(29)-烯(4)、3β,15α-二羟基-羽扇-20(29)-烯(5)、羽扇-20(29)-烯-3-O-α-D-葡萄糖苷(6)、豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)、夹竹桃苷元-3-O-α-D-葡萄糖苷(8)、二十二烷酸(9)、二十八烷醇(10)。化合物结构利用核磁共振谱、高分辨质谱等现代波普技术进行鉴定。化合物1为新化合物,化合物2~10首次从红花桑寄生中分离得到。     

圆锥绣球化学成分研究

目的:对圆锥绣球茎枝水提取物进行化学成分研究。方法:利用各种色谱方法进行化学成分分离,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果:分离得到9个化合物,分别鉴定为茵芋苷(1),isotachioside(2),8-甲氧基香豆素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3),6-甲氧基香豆素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(东莨菪苷,4),3,4,5-三甲氧基苯酚-1-O-6-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→6)-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5),伞形花内酯-7-O-β-D-芹菜糖基-(1→6)-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6),伞形花内酯(7),6-甲氧基-7-羟基香豆素(东莨菪素,8)和7-羟基-8-甲氧基香豆素(9)。结论:1~7为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

蒙古黄芪中异黄酮类化学成分研究

目的:研究蒙古黄芪Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus根中的异黄酮类化学成分。方法:采用HPD-100大孔吸附树脂、硅胶、聚酰胺、Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱方法分离纯化,并根据波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果:从蒙古黄芪根70%乙醇提取物中分离得到14个异黄酮类化合物,分别鉴定为芒柄花素(1)、芒柄花苷(2)、毛蕊异黄酮(3)、毛蕊异黄酮-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4)、(6aR,11aR)-3-羟基-9,10-二甲氧基紫檀烷(5)、(6aR,11aR)-3-羟基-9,10-二甲氧基紫檀烷-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6)、(3R)-7,2’-二羟基-3’,4’-二甲氧基异黄烷(7)、(3R)-7,2’-二羟基-3’,4’-二甲氧基异黄烷-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)、6″-O-乙酰基芒柄花苷(9)、6″-O-乙酰基-(3R)-7,2’-二羟基-3’,4’-二甲氧基异黄烷-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(10)、6″-O-乙酰基-(6aR,11aR)-3-羟基-9,10-二甲氧基紫檀烷-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(11)、红车轴草素(12)、5,7-二羟基-4’-甲氧基异黄酮-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(13),5,7,4’-三羟基-3’-甲氧基异黄酮(14)。结论:化合物10为新化合物,化合物9,11,13,14为首次从蒙古黄芪中分离得到。     

泽漆化学成分

目的:研究大戟属植物泽漆的化学成分。方法:采用正相硅胶色谱、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20、反相制备色谱等手段进行分离纯化,并通过理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果:从石油醚层和乙酸乙酯层中分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为大戟苷(Ⅰ)、大戟苷D(Ⅱ)、豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅳ)、柚皮素(Ⅴ)、木犀草素(Ⅵ)、木犀草苷(Ⅶ)、4,2’,4’-三羟基查尔酮(Ⅷ)、山柰酚(Ⅸ)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(Ⅹ)、咖啡酸(Ⅺ)和没食子酸乙酯(Ⅻ)。结论:化合物Ⅲ～Ⅶ为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

贝母类药材湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis系统位置的探讨——来自ITS,rpl16,matK序列的证据

湖北贝母为传统中药,然而《Flora of China》将其基原植物湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis归并于天目贝母F.monantha项下。该实验采用分子系统学方法,以川百合Lilium davidii为外类群,用核基因ITS序列和叶绿体基因rpl16序列、matK序列等3个片段对湖北贝母及其近缘类群天目贝母F.monantha、安徽贝母F.anhuiensis等进行联合建树分析,对湖北贝母植物的系统位置进行了探讨,为湖北贝母药材的安全使用提供分子证据。结果显示,分子系统树上,3种贝母各自的居群聚为一支,之后天目贝母与安徽贝母聚为一支,最后与湖北贝母聚为一支。表明湖北贝母与天目贝母的亲缘关系可能要远于安徽贝母与天目贝母之间的关系,因此不适宜将湖北贝母归并于天目贝母。     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

牡荆属植物的研究进展

至今为止人们对牡荆属植物中的黃荆和蔓荆进行了较多的研究,从中发现包括黄酮类、萜类、木脂素类、甾醇类、蒽类及挥发油等在内的不同类型的多种化学成分。一些试验结果确认牡荆属植物中富含的黄酮类化合物可用于延缓衰老,防治心血管疾病等作用,显示有较好的开发应用价值。由于牡荆属植物在我国分布广泛,植物种类多样,其中很多品种已作为民间用药,如果附加科学内涵加以研究开发,该属植物将有巨大的消费市场,同时也将会成为一种涉及民生和关系区域发展的经济作物。     

中医药防治幽门螺杆菌相关性胃病的研究进展

查阅近几年国内外文献,对中医药抗幽门螺杆菌的实验研究相关文献进行整理并分析。检索万方医学数据库、中国知网(CNKI)和西文生物医学期刊数据库的38篇文献,将中药抗Heticobacter pylori的体外实验、体内实验的研究进展做一总结,并分析其机制。以往的研究从有效成分的筛选、抑菌浓度实验、抗菌机制研究和中医药对幽门螺杆菌感染动物模型的疗效研究,逐步扩展到细胞分子水平的观察。在今后的实验中还应紧密结合中医理论指导,合理选择中药和复方,规范动物模型制作和辨证分型,并严谨实验设计,才能更好的说明问题,以期为中医药防治幽门螺杆菌相关性胃病的更深入研究及临床应用奠定基础。     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因克隆和生物信息学分析

目的:克隆金银花类药用植物4-二磷酸胞苷-2-C-甲基赤藓糖激酶(4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase,IspE)和4-羟基-3-甲基-2-邻苯基二磷酸还原酶(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase,IspH)基因,并对其基因序列、蛋白特性和转录活性进行分析、比较.方法:从忍冬Lonicera japonica转录组测序结果中分析获得了IspE,IspH基因.分别以忍冬、红白忍冬L.japonica var.chinensis、红腺忍冬L.hypoglauca和水忍冬L.dasystyla新鲜花蕾为材料,利用RT-PCR技术克隆获得了4种金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因的全长cDNA.运用生物信息学分析软件,预测编码蛋白的结构和功能,并通过RT-PCR检测IspE和IspH在忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬、水忍冬花蕾中的转录情况.结果:金银花类药用植物IspE基因含有1个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 221 bp,编码406个氨基酸;IspH含有一个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 380 bp,编码459个氨基酸.IspE和IspH均为非分泌蛋白,均定位于叶绿体中.RT-PCR分析结果表明在忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬的花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平没有显著差异,但红白忍冬花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平均显著高于忍冬.结论:克隆获得忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬中IspE,IspH基因,并证实了其在不同金银花类药用植物中的表达,为进一步研究IspE,IspH基因对萜类化合物生物合成和花香气以及颜色的影响奠定了基础.     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.