两种不同挥发油含量柴胡制剂药效作用研究

目的:对比两种不同挥发油含量柴胡制剂的抗炎、镇痛、解热作用。方法:分别采用二甲苯致炎剂所致小鼠耳廓肿胀实验,醋酸引起小鼠疼痛扭体实验,干酵母致大鼠发热实验,观察两种柴胡制剂的抗炎、镇痛、解热作用,并比较二者差异。结果:采用抗炎、镇痛、解热三种动物模型研究表明,普通柴胡浸膏5g生药/kg、10g生药/kg,富集挥发油的柴胡浸膏5g生药/kg、10g生药/kg均可显著减轻二甲苯所致的小鼠耳肿胀,减少醋酸所致的小鼠扭体反应次数,降低干酵母引起的大鼠体温升高,其中富集挥发油的柴胡浸膏的抗炎活性优于普通柴胡浸膏,但镇痛和解热活性两种浸膏无显著性差异。结论:两种不同挥发油含量柴胡浸膏均具有明显的抗炎、镇痛和解热作用,但柴胡挥发油抗炎活性较高。     

两面针根挥发油的抗炎镇痛作用研究

目的 研究两面针根挥发油抗炎、镇痛的药理活性.方法 采用热板法及扭体法实验考察小鼠镇痛作用,应用小鼠耳廓肿胀、脚趾肿胀及棉球肉芽肿胀等实验评价两面针根挥发油的抗炎活性.结果 两面针根挥发油能明显减少小鼠的扭体次数,显著提高小鼠的痛阈值；对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、棉球肉芽肿胀实验、角叉菜胶致足趾肿胀实验均有显著的抑制作用.结论 两面针根挥发油有强的抗炎镇痛活性.     

舒络油的抗炎镇痛实验

目的：研究舒络油的抗炎镇痛作用,为临床应用提供实验依据。方法：采用角叉菜胶致大足肿胀法及二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀法观察药物的抗炎作用,用扭体法和热板法等进行痛实验,结果：舒张油对鼠耳肿胀有明显的抑制作用,并有一定程度的镇痛作用。结论：舒络油具有较好的抗炎镇痛作用。     

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils of Eucalyptus

Many species of the genus Eucalyptus from the Myrtaceae family are used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of various medical conditions such as cold, flue, fever, and bronchial infections. In the current investigation, we evaluated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oil extracts from three species of Eucalyptus employing various standard experimental test models. Using acetic acid-induced writhes in mice and hot plate thermal stimulation in rats, it was shown that the essential oils of Eucalyptus citriodora (EC), Eucalyptus tereticornis (ET), and Eucalyptus globulus (EG) induced analgesic effects in both models, suggesting peripheral and central actions. In addition, essential oil extracts from the three Eucalyptus species produced anti-inflammatory effects, as demonstrated by inhibition of rat paw edema induced by carrageenan and dextran, neutrophil migration into rat peritoneal cavities induced by carrageenan, and vascular permeability induced by carrageenan and histamine. However, no consistent results were observed for some of the parameters evaluated, both in terms of activities and dose-response relationships, reflecting the complex nature of the oil extracts and/or the assay systems used. Taken together, the data suggest that essential oil extracts of EC, ET, and EG possess central and peripheral analgesic effects as well as neutrophil-dependent and independent anti-inflammatory activities. These initial observations provide support for the reported use of the eucalyptus plant in Brazilian folk medicine. Further investigation is warranted for possible development of new classes of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs from components of the essential oils of the Eucalyptus species.     

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Heracleum persicum essential oil and hydroalcoholic extract in animal models

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Fruits of Heracleum persicum (Apiaceae) are used as pain killer in Iranian folkloric medicine.

Aims of study

To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the hydroalcoholic extract and essential oil of the plant fruits and analyzing the essential oil.

Materials and methods

Essential oil and hydroalcoholic extracts of the fruits were prepared according to standard methods and the components of essential oil were identified using GC–MS method. The acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin test were used in male mice to assess analgesic activity. For evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect, carrageenan-induced rat paw edema was used.

Results

Hexyl butyrate (56.5%), octyl acetate (16.5%), hexyl 2-methylbutanoate (5.2%) and hexyl isobutyrate (3.4%) were identified as the major constituents of the oil. Oral or intraperitoneal administration of Heracleum persicum essential oil (HPEO) at doses of 50–200 mg/kg and Heracleum persicum hydroalcoholic extract (HPHE) at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg significantly reduced acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions. HPEO and HPHE also significantly attenuated the pain response of the second phase of formalin test.In carrageenan test HPEO at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg and HPHE at a dose of 400 mg/kg induced a significant reduction of paw edema.

Conclusions

These results clearly show the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the plant essential oil and hydroalcoholic extract. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanism of action and the components responsible for these pharmacological effects.     

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Satureja hortensis L. extracts and essential oil

Satureja hortensis L. (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant used in Iranian folk medicine as muscle and bone pain reliever. In the present study, hydroalcoholic extract, polyphenolic fraction and essential oil of the aerial parts of the herb were prepared and evaluated for the analgesic activity using light tail flick, formalin and acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. Also, the anti-inflammatory effects of the above-mentioned preparations were assessed using carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. Results showed that in the light tail flick test neither the essential oil nor the extracts could exert any significant effect. The hydroalcoholic extract (2000 mg/kg, p.o.) and the essential oil (200 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited the mice writhing responses caused by acetic acid. In formalin test, hydroalcoholic extract (500-2000 mg/kg, p.o.), polyphenolic fraction (250-1000 mg/kg, p.o.) and the essential oil (50-200 mg/kg, p.o.) showed analgesic activity and pretreatment with naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) or caffeine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) failed to reverse this antinociceptive activity. Polyphenolic fraction (1000 mg/kg, p.o.) and the essential oil (200 mg/kg) reduced edema caused by carrageenan. These results suggest that S. hortensis L. has antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects and probably mechanism(s) other than involvement of opioid and adenosine receptors mediate(s) the antinociception.     

Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Ginger Oil

Objective Ginger(Zingiber officinale) is widely used as a spice in cooking and as a medicinal herb in traditional herbal medicine.The present study was to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ginger oil in experimental animal models.Methods The analgesic effect of the oils was evaluated by the "acetic acid" and "hot-plate" test models of pain in mice.The anti-inflammatory effect of the oil was investigated in rats,using rat paw edema induced by carrageenan,adjuvant arthritis,and vascular permeability induced by bradykinin,arachidonic acid,and histamine.Indomethacin(1 mg/kg),Aspirin(0.5 g/kg) and Dexamethasone(2.5 mg/kg) were used respectively as reference drugs for comparison.Results The ginger oil(0.25-1.0 g/kg) produced significant analgesic effect against chemically-and thermally-induced nociceptive pain stimuli in mice(P < 0.05,0.01).And the ginger oil(0.25-1.0 g/kg) also significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema,adjuvant arthritis,and inflammatory mediators-induced vascular permeability in rats(P < 0.05,0.001).Conclusion These findings confirm that the ginger oil can be used to treat pain and chronic inflammation such as rheumatic arthritis.     

杏仁油对BABL/c小鼠抗炎镇痛作用的研究

目的研究杏仁油对BABL/c小鼠抗炎镇痛作用。方法应用二甲苯诱导小鼠耳肿胀实验法观察杏仁油对BABL/c小鼠抗炎作用;应用小鼠醋酸扭体法、小鼠热板法验证杏仁油对BABL/c小鼠镇痛作用。结果杏仁油高剂量组极显著抑制二甲苯诱导BABL/c小鼠耳肿胀度,与CK对照组差异极显著(P﹤0.01),抑制率为26.67%。杏仁油高剂量组较CK组明显减少BABL/c小鼠扭体次数,抑制率达到35.69%;杏仁油高剂量组在给药30,45,60 min时的痛阈较CK组极显著提高(P﹤0.01)。结论杏仁油对早期耳肿胀炎症模型具有明显的抑制作用,具有较好的镇痛作用,能够显著地减少冰醋酸所致扭体发生的次数,并能显著地提高热板法小鼠的痛阈,不同剂量间具有较明显的量效关系,抗炎镇痛效果明显。     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Cordiaverbenacea D.C

Cordiaverbenacea D.C. (Boraginaceae) is found along the coastal regions of Brazil, from the Amazon basin to the southernmost state of Rio Grande do Sul. The aerial parts of this plant have been used in folk medicine since colonial times for their anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and healing properties. The objectives of this study were: the extraction of the essential oil of the aerial parts of this species and quantification of the yield thereof; the identification and quantification of the principal components of the essential oil; and the determination of its antimicrobial activity by plate diffusion method. The yield of essential oil was 0.19% (v/w) in relation to the fresh flowering aerial parts and 0.23% (v/w) of the leaves. The main constituents of the essential oil, identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were alpha-pinene (29.69%), trans-caryophyllene (25.27%) and aloaromadendrene (9.99%). The Gram-positive bacteria and yeast tested were sensitive to the essential oil of Cordiaverbenacea D.C., but most of the Gram-negative bacteria were resistant.     

山檀治疗胃溃疡及镇痛抗炎有效部位的筛选

目的：筛选山檀对胃溃疡、镇痛抗炎作用的有效部位。方法：分别通过幽门结扎法和醋酸法制备大鼠胃溃疡模型实验;扭体法和热板法小鼠疼痛模型实验;二甲苯致小鼠耳壳水肿炎症模型实验,观察山檀不同溶剂提取部位对各模型的影响。结果：在抗胃溃疡实验中,挥发油组、乙酸乙酯组和正丁醇组对胃溃疡均有明显的抑制作用,其他部位组对胃溃疡的抑制作用不明显。在镇痛抗炎实验中,挥发油组和乙酸乙酯组具有明显的镇痛抗炎作用,其他部位镇痛抗炎作用不明显。结论：山檀的挥发油部位、乙酸乙酯部位对山檀的抗胃溃疡及抗炎镇痛作用效果明显。