丹皮酚微乳凝胶剂的制备及体外透皮特性研究

目的：对胡椒科植物荜茇Piper longum的化学成分进行研究。方法：荜茇用95%乙醇提取,依次用石油醚、氯仿、正丁醇萃取,对氯仿萃取部分采用各种柱色谱进行分离纯化,通过波谱数据分析(MS,¹H-NMR,¹³C-NMR)进行结构鉴定。结果：从氯仿萃取部分分离鉴定了11个化合物,其中6个酰胺类生物碱,3个倍半萜,2个其他类化合物。分别鉴定为：类对香豆酰哌啶(coumaperine,1),N-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2E-pentenoyl piperidine(2),胡椒内酰胺A(piperolactam A,3),1-［1-oxo-5(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2E,4E-pentadienyl］-pirrolidine(4),1-［1-oxo-5(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2E-pentenyl］-pirrolidine(5),1-［1-oxo-9(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2E,8E-nonadienyl］-pyrrolidine(6),姜黄酮\[R-(-)-turmerone,7\],octahydro-4-hydroy-3α-methyl-7-methylene-α-(1-methylethyl)-1H-indene-1-methanol(8),(+)-aphanamol I(9),二去甲氧基姜黄素(bisdemethoxycurcumin,10),去甲氧基姜黄素(demethoxycurcumin,11)。结论：化合物1～11均为首次从荜茇中分离得到。     

In vitro antifungal activity of extracts and neolignans from Piper regnellii against dermatophytes

The present study was designated to evaluate the in vitro antidermatophyte activity of extracts from leaves of Piper regnellii as well as of the bioactivity-directed isolation of neolignans. The antifungal assay was performed by microdilution techniques. The hydroalcoholic extract of Piper regnellii leaves presented a strong activity against the dermatophyte fungi Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis and Microsporum gypseum with MICs of 15.62, 15.62, 15.62 and 62.5 microg/ml, respectively. On light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of nail fragments not exposed to hydroalcoholic extract of Piper regnelli leaves, well-formed and extensive mycelial growth was seen. On nail fragments exposed to hydroalcoholic extract at concentrations more than 1.2mg/ml and then inoculated with spore suspension, growth was not seen. The hydroalcoholic extract was fractionated on silica gel in to nine fractions. The active chloroform fraction was lyophilized and chromatographed by column chromatography on silica gel. Structures were established by comparison with literature data and identified as eupomatenoid-3 and eupomatenoid-5. The pure compounds showed strong activity on Trichophyton rubrum with MIC of 50 and 6.2 microg/ml, respectively. Comparing the activity of the active chloroform fraction obtained from hydroalcoholic crude extract with that of isolated compound eupomatenoid-5, it is clear that this showed the same results against Trichophyton rubrum. The results showed that the plant could be explored for possible antifungal agents and provides preliminary scientific validation for the traditional medicinal use of this plant.     

荜茇中3种酰胺类生物碱在不同种属肝微粒体中代谢差异比较

胡椒碱、荜茇明宁碱和墙草碱是荜茇中主要的酰胺类成分,具有多种药理活性,为了阐明这3种成分在5个不同种属肝微粒体中代谢差异,应用超高效液相色谱串联双压线性离子阱静电场轨道阱质谱(UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS)采集这3种化合物的全扫描图谱及二级三级质谱图,获取碎片离子信息,结合其质谱裂解规律和代谢产物精确质谱数据,比较3种生物碱分别在人、恒河猴、比格犬、大鼠以及小鼠肝微粒体中的代谢差异,并快速鉴定出3个胡椒碱代谢产物、2个荜茇明宁碱代谢产物及1个墙草碱代谢产物。结果显示荜茇中酰胺类生物碱的主要代谢类型为苯环亚甲二氧基开环脱甲基和氧化反应,且在种属间存在代谢率差异,该研究为进一步阐明荜茇中胡椒碱类成分体内代谢途径提供了实验依据。     

Immunomodulatory and antitumor activity of triterpenoid fractions from the rhizomes of Astilbe chinensis

Aim of the study

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the in vivo antitumor potential of the triterpenoid fraction from the rhizomes of Astilbe chinensis (Saxifragaceae) (Saxifragaceae) (ATF) and to elucidate its immunological mechanisms by determining its effects on the growth of mouse transplanted tumors and the immune response in naïve and tumor-bearing mice.

Materials and methods

The mice inoculated with mouse tumor cell lines were treated per os with ATF at the doses of 20, 40, 60 mg/kg for 10 days. The effects of ATF on the growth of transplantable tumor, splenocyte proliferation, the activity of natural killer (NK) cells, and production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) from splenocytes in tumor-bearing mice were measured. Meanwhile, the effects of ATF on 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction and the sheep red blood cell (SRBC)-induced antibody response in naïve mice were also studied.

Results

ATF could not only significantly inhibit the growth of mice transplantable tumor, but also remarkably increase splenocytes proliferation, NK cells activity, and the level of IL-2 secreted by splenocytes in tumor-bearing mice, promote the DTH reaction and enhance anti-SRBC antibody level in naïve mice, which indicated that the ATF could improve both specific and non-specific cellular and humoral immune response.

Conclusions

The antitumor activity of ATF might be achieved by improving immune response, and ATF could act as antitumor agent with immunomodulatory activity.     

荜茇挥发油清除自由基作用及其与分子结构的关系

目的观察海南产荜茇挥发油清除自由基活性,探讨其与分子结构的关系。方法DPPH法检测清除自由基活性;GC-MS法分析其化学成分,并用谱库检索确定各化合物结构。结果①荜茇挥发油具有清除DPPH自由基的能力,且浓度越高,活性越强;②海南产荜茇挥发油含41个化合物,碳碳双键C=C的相对含量占绝对优势。结论碳碳双键C=C可能为荜茇挥发油清除自由基活性的必需官能团。     

皂角刺化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性研究

目的研究皂角刺(皂荚Gleditsia sinensis的干燥棘刺)的化学成分及抗肿瘤活性。方法采用反复硅胶色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱及半制备高效液相色谱等方法进行分离纯化,通过MS、NMR等波谱数据鉴定其化学结构;采用MTT法测定化合物1~4、6对人肝腹水腺癌细胞SK-HEP-1的细胞毒活性。结果从皂角刺醋酸乙酯部位分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为2-氨基咪唑(1)、2,3-dihydro-5-(2-formylvinyl)-7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-benzofuranmethanol(2)、E-肉桂酸(3)、3-O-反式阿魏酰基奎宁酸(4)、反式咖啡酸(5)、4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide(6)、threo-guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl aldehyde ether(7)、5,7-二羟基色原酮(8)、香草酸(9)、原儿茶酸(10)、3-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸甲酯(11)、3-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸乙酯(12)。化合物1对SK-HEP-1细胞的IC50值为34.47μg/mL。结论除化合物5外,其余化合物均首次从皂荚属植物中分离得到;化合物1对SK-HEP-1细胞具有明显细胞毒活性。     

Cinnamophilin Isolated from Cinnamomum philippinense Protects against Collagen Degradation in Human Chondrocytes

To investigate the therapeutic potential of naturally occurring cinnamophilin against cartilage degradation and its action mechanisms, its effects on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1 and ?13 induction were examined in the human SW1353 chondrocytic cell line. Human chondrocytes (SW1353) were stimulated with interleukin (IL)‐1β, and then mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c‐Jun activations, inhibitory κB‐α (IκB‐α) degradation, and MMP‐1, and 13 expressions were assayed by a Western blot analysis. Cinnamophilin strongly inhibited MMP‐1 and ?13 induction in IL‐1β‐treated (30 ng/mL) SW1353 cells in a concentration‐dependent manner, and it also reduced MAPK family members including extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), p38 MAPKs, and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase. Moreover, nuclear factor (NF)‐κB signaling activation through IκB‐α degradation, IκB kinase (IKK)‐α/β, and p‐65 phosphorylation was restored by cinnamophilin upon IL‐1β stimulation. Importantly, results showed that IL‐1β‐induced activation of phosphorylated (p)‐c‐Jun in chondrocytes was significantly inhibited by cinnamophilin. These results indicate that cinnamophilin inhibited MMP‐1 and ?13 expressions in IL‐1β‐treated chondrocytes through either NF‐κB or ERK/p38 MAPK downregulation and/or suppressing p‐c‐Jun pathways. Furthermore, these findings suggest that cinnamophilin may have the potential for chondroprotection against collagen matrix breakdown in cartilage of diseased tissues such as those found in arthritic disorders. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antinociceptive activity of the methanolic extract of Kaempferia galanga Linn. in experimental animals

Kaempferia galanga Linn. (Zingiberaceae) presents many chemical constituents of the volatile oil extracted from the rhizome. The rhizome of Kaempferia galanga is used by people in many regions for relieving toothache, abdominal pain, muscular swelling and rheumatism. In this study we investigated the antinociceptive activity in mice and rats using acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, hot plate and tail-flick tests. The extract at test doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o. clearly demonstrated antinociceptive activity in all tests. This activity was dose- and time-dependent. The extract administered at 200 mg/kg, p.o. had a stronger antinociceptive effect than aspirin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) but less than morphine (5 mg/kg, s.c.). Naloxone (2 mg/kg, i.p.) abolished the antinociceptive action of both morphine (5 mg/kg, s.c.) and the extract (200 mg/kg, p.o.) in a similar manner. In conclusion, the methanol extract of Kaempferia galanga markedly demonstrated the antinociceptive action in experimental animals. The antinociceptive mechanisms appear to be both peripherally and centrally mediated actions and the opioid receptors are probably involved. Therefore, our studies support the use in traditional medicine of Kaempferia galanga against pain caused by various disorders.     

益母草的化学成分及其抗人白血病K562细胞活性研究

目的:研究益母草的化学成分,评价益母草化学成分体外抗白血病K562细胞活性.方法:运用硅胶柱色谱、葡聚糖凝胶sephadex LH-20、聚酰胺柱色谱和大孔树脂等色谱方法对益母草化学成分进行分离纯化,利用核磁共振技术鉴定了它们的化学结构.通过测试体外最低抑制浓度评价有关物质的抗肿瘤活性.结果:分离、纯化并鉴定了8个化合物,分别为槲皮素-3-O-洋槐双糖苷(quercetin 3-O-robinobioside,1),芦丁(rutin,2),异槲皮苷(isoquercitrin,3),金丝桃苷(hyperoside,4),槲皮素(quercetin,5),芹菜素(apigenin,6),芫花素(genkwanin,7)和苯甲酸(benzoic.acid,8).结论:化合物1,3,4,8为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物2,5-7首次从该种植物中分离得到.化合物1-6,8显示出不同程度的抑制人白血病K562细胞活性.     

空心莲子草化学成分及抗癌活性研究

目的:研究空心莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides正丁醇提取物的抗肿瘤活性成分.方法:以硅胶柱、凝胶柱色谱分离,制备HPLC纯化,采用MS,NMR等波谱方法以及酸水解进行结构鉴定,以MTT法测试石油醚、醋酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取物以及各化合物的细胞毒活性.结果:从正丁醇提取部位分离得到7个化合物:齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷(olean-olie acid 3-O-β-D-glucuropyranoside,1),齐墩果酸-28-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷(oleanolie acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,2),齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷-6'-O-甲酯(oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,3),竹节参苷IV a甲酯(chikusetsusaponin IV a methyl ester,4),常春藤皂苷元-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷-6'-O-甲酯(hederagenin 3-O-β-D-nopyranoside-6'-O-methyl ester,5),4,5-二羟基布卢姆醇(4,5-dihydroblumenol,6),(6S,7E,9R)-6,9-dihydroxymegastigma-4,7-dien-3-one-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(7),化合物1在30 mg·L~(-1)剂量时对Hela和L929抑制率分别为91.3%和92.9%.结论:化合物4,5,7首次从该属植物中分得,化合物1在30 mg·L~(-1)剂量时对Hela和L929具有显著抑制活性.