不同生长期穿心莲中穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯含量的动态研究

目的 确定穿心莲药材最佳采收期,为穿心莲规范化种植(GAP)研究提供基础研究数据。方法 采用RP-HPLC法测定GAP基地穿心莲药材不同生长期穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯的含量,比较不同部位(茎、叶)中内酯含量差异。色谱条件为:Lichrospher RP—C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);甲醇-水(60:40)为流动相;流速0.8 mL/min;柱温35℃;检测波长226 nm和254nm。结果 不同生长期穿心莲药材的穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯成分含量在8、9月份较高,即花蕊期至开花前期;对于同一批药材不同部位比较,叶含量明显高于茎。结论建议穿心莲药材按物候期采收(即花蕊期至开花前期);药用部位以叶为佳。     

薄层扫描法测定穿心莲中穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯的含量

采用薄层扫描法测定了 15批穿心莲商品药材中穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯的含量 ,并进行了比较。结果脱水穿心莲内酯高于穿心莲内酯的占 2 6 .7% ,穿心莲内酯高于脱水穿心莲内酯的占 5 3.3% ,两者含量差异在±10 %以内的占 2 0 .0 %。     

穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯大孔树脂纯化工艺

目的:研究穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯的大孔树脂吸附分离纯化工艺.方法:考察HPD100型大孔树脂的吸附性能和洗脱参数,采用HPLC测定穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯含量.结果:HPD100型大孔树脂适宜的工艺条件为最大上样量为每克药材1.0g树脂,5 BV 20％乙醇除杂,10 BV 35％乙醇,5 BV 55％乙醇溶液分别洗脱,总内酯纯度68.46％;35％乙醇洗脱液中主要富含穿心莲内酯;55％乙醇洗脱液中富含脱水穿心莲内酯.结论:HPD100型大孔吸附树脂在所确定的工艺条件下,对穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯的纯化效果良好,对大生产有指导意义.     

不同生长期穿心莲活性成分及关键酶基因差异表达研究

目的对主产地广东遂溪、福建漳浦及引种栽培地区江苏南京、淮安的不同生长期穿心莲Andrographis paniculata活性成分及关键酶基因表达情况进行分析,研究穿心莲活性成分积累动态,探讨其最佳采收期及分子机制。方法用HPLC法测定穿心莲内酯及脱水穿心莲内酯量,并用实时荧光定量PCR技术从m RNA水平比较研究不同生长期穿心莲关键酶ent-柯巴基焦磷酸合酶(CPS)基因的表达情况。结果不同产地穿心莲生长过程基本一致,在营养生长时期生长迅速,进入生殖生长后生长趋于平缓。4个产地穿心莲样品中活性成分变化趋势相近,穿心莲内酯量均在始花期达到最高,脱水穿心莲内酯量变化较平缓;穿心莲CPS基因的相对表达量在蕾期至始花期相对较高,与穿心莲内酯量呈显著正相关。4个产地穿心莲的穿心莲内酯与脱水穿心莲内酯之和均达到《中国药典》2010年版标准。结论穿心莲最佳采收期应以物候期为评判依据,其最佳采收期为始花期。     

影响穿心莲片中穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯含量测定的因素

目的:确定影响穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯的提取因素.方法:以穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯含量为指标,采用高效液相色谱法进行含量测定.结果:穿心莲片的最佳提取条件为甲醇浸泡1 h后超声0.5 h、过中性氧化铝柱并以15 mL甲醇洗脱.结论:此方法适合穿心莲的分析.     

RP-HPLC法测定不同产地穿心莲叶中穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯含量的研究

为科学评价穿心莲药材的质量,采用反相高效液相色谱法测定穿心莲中穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯的含量.色谱柱为Merck-Lichrospher RP-C18柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μⅠ),流动相为甲醇-水(6040);检测波长226nm(用于检测穿心莲内酯),254nm(用于检测脱水穿心莲内酯);流速0.8ml/min;柱温35℃;并对色谱峰纯度、色谱峰一致性进行了比较.穿心莲和脱水穿心莲内酯的加样回收率100.9%,98 2%,RSD分别为3.2%,3.4%(n=6).结果表明,广东湛江和饶平所产的穿心莲药材叶中的上述两成分含量较高,质量较好.     

穿心莲片中穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯的药代动力学研究

目的:研究穿心莲片中穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯的药代动力学.方法:采用已建立的LC/MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯的浓度,计算其药代动力学参数.结果:穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯在该条件下分离良好,保留时间分别为1.9 min和3.0 min.穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯的线性范围均为0.05～10 μg/mL.定量下限均为0.05 μg/mL.结论:该方法简便、灵敏、专属性强,适合于穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯在大鼠体内的药代动力学研究.     

穿心莲优良种质筛选研究

搜集穿心莲种质资源20份,进行种植试验和生物学鉴定、评价及药用成分含量测定,结果表明:各地种植的穿心莲种子纯度不一致、混杂严重,主要存在大叶型和小叶型两种生态类型;不同种质的穿心莲茎叶干重、药用成分含量均差异显著,大叶型的茎叶干重及药用成分含量均明显高于小叶型,说明大叶型穿心莲的产量、产值较小叶型穿心莲具有明显的优势;经过2年的试验,初步筛选出产量中上等、药用成分含量高的优良品系。     

试析穿心莲片中穿心莲内酯及脱水穿心莲内酯的变异因素

依据穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯的稳定性机理,从药材原料(产地、采收季节、贮藏时间)、热稳定性、生产工艺(溶媒、温度、受热时间、贮藏条件)等方面分析穿心莲制剂过程中影响穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯含量的因素,探讨提高穿心莲片质量的措施。结果表明,优选穿心莲药材,优化制剂工艺,降低加热时间和温度,均是提高穿心莲片质量的有效措施。     

穿心莲软胶囊中穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯的含量测定

目的：建立穿心莲软胶囊中内酯类成分的含量测定方法。方法：采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法对穿心莲软胶囊中有效成分穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯进行含量检测。结果：平均回收率为99．48％，RSD为1．46％。结论：该测定方法简便可行、重复性好，可用于该制剂中有效成分的含量测定。     

穿心莲二萜内酯类化学成分的研究

目的：分离并鉴定爵床科植物穿心莲Andrographis paniculata地上部分85%乙醇提取物的二萜内酯类化学成分。方法：采用硅胶柱色谱法、凝胶柱色谱法、反相ODS柱色谱法以及反相高效液相色谱法进行分离纯化,并根据理化常数和光谱分析进行结构鉴定。结果：分离得到了14个化合物,分别为穿心莲新苷(neoandrographolide,1), 3,14-二去氧穿心莲内酯(3,14-di-deoxyandrographolide,2), 穿心莲内酯(andrographolide,3), 14-去氧-11,12-二去氢穿心莲内酯(14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide,4), 19-hydroxy-8(17),13-labdadien-15,16-olide(5), 14-去氧穿心莲内酯(14-deoxy-andrographolide,6), 3-oxo-14-deoxy-andrographolide(7), 异穿心莲内酯(isoandrographolide,8), 双穿心莲内酯(bisandrographolide,9,10,11),去氧穿心莲内酯苷(deoxyandrographiside,12),14-去氧-11,12-二去氢穿心莲内酯苷(14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographiside,13),穿心莲内酯苷(andrographiside,14)。结论：化合物7为新的天然产物,化合物5为从该属植物中首次分得。     

穿心莲流膏中穿心莲内酯类成分在烘干过程中的变化

目的：探讨在穿心莲流膏干燥过程中穿心莲内酯类成分变化规律。方法：以HPLC法测定了烘干过程中不同处理条件下样品的穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯的含量。结果：在烘干过程中，穿心莲内酯一直呈下降趋势，脱水穿心莲内酯在前12h呈上升趋势，以后缓慢下降。结论：烘干温度不是唯一影响穿心莲内酯类成分变化的主要因素。     

Anticancer and immunostimulatory compounds from Andrographis paniculata

Andrographis paniculata extract is traditionally used as a medicine to treat different diseases in India, China and Southeast Asia. In the present study, we evaluated the anticancer and immunomodulatory activity of the methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata in human cancer and immune cells. The methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata was fractionated into dichloromethane, petroleum ether and aqueous extracts and screened for bioactivity. Our results indicate that the dichloromethane fraction of the methanolic extract retains the active compounds contributing for both the anticancer and immunostimulatory activity. Dichloromethane fraction significantly inhibits the proliferation of HT-29 (colon cancer) cells and augments the proliferation human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs) at low concentrations. On further fractionation of the dichloromethane extract we could isolate three diterpene compounds, i.e. [1] andrographolide, [2] 14-deoxyandrographolide and [3] 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide. Andrographolide showed anticancer activity on diverse cancer cells representing different types of human cancers. Whereas all the three molecules showed enhanced proliferation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) induction in HPBLs.     

穿心莲二萜内酯类化合物的合成及抗肿瘤构效关系研究

 目的合成穿心莲二萜内酯类化合物,并进行抗肿瘤活性研究。方法以穿心莲内酯为底物合成14-去氧-11,12-二去氢穿心莲内酯、14-去氧穿心莲内酯、异穿心莲内酯和穿心莲酸等穿心莲二萜内酯类化合物。以人白血病HL-60为体外模型,小鼠H22肝癌皮下移植肿瘤为体内模型观察其抗肿瘤活性,同时观察对小鼠迟发性变态反应及碳粒廓清功能的影响。结果目标物结构经红外、质谱、核磁共振氢谱确证。体外实验,异穿心莲内酯和穿心莲内酯对HL-60细胞的IC₅₀分别为7.15和28.34μmol·L^-1,其余化合物均大于50μmol·L^-1;体内实验,筛选剂量为100mg·kg^-1时,穿心莲内酯和异穿心莲内酯有明显的抗肿瘤活性,抑制率分别为64.4%和61.2%,其余化合物抗肿瘤活性不明显;相同剂量下,穿心莲内酯,穿心莲酸对迟发性变态反应有促进作用,穿心莲内酯,穿心莲酸,14-去氧穿心莲内酯,14-去氧-11,12-二去氢穿心莲内酯能降低小鼠碳粒廓清指数,而异穿心莲内酯对迟发性变态反应和炭粒廓清指数均无影响。结论初步生物活性实验表明,穿心莲二萜内酯类化合物的内酯环是抗肿瘤的必须活性基团;该类化合物的抗肿瘤作用可能与内酯环部分(包括C₁₁和C₁₂)双键的个数及位置和14-位羟基均有一定关系,具有环外12,13-位双键和14-位羟基的抗肿瘤活性较强;异穿心莲内酯的四氢呋喃环有增强抗肿瘤活性之作用。异穿心莲内酯有非常显著的抗肿瘤活性,且对小鼠免疫功能无影响,提示它可能是一类有发展前景的抗肿瘤药物。     

Antiviral properties of ent-labdene diterpenes of Andrographis paniculata nees, inhibitors of herpes simplex virus type 1

Andrographolide, neoandrographolide and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, ent-labdene diterpenes isolated from Andrographis paniculata showed viricidal activity against herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). None of these compounds exhibited significant cytotoxicity at viricidal concentrations.     

Andropanolide and isoandrographolide, minor diterpenoids from Andrographis paniculata: structure and X-ray crystallographic analysis

Phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Andrographis paniculata has led to the isolation of a new labdane type diterpenoid, andropanolide (1), along with seven known diterpenoids including isoandrographolide (2), previously reported as a rearrangement product of andrographolide. The structures and stereochemistry of compounds 1 and 2 were established by X-ray crystallographic analysis.     

穿心莲种质资源调查研究

目的：在全国范围内对穿心莲种质资源进行调查、收集和整理,为穿心莲种质资源的综合评价及优良种质的筛选奠定基础。方法：查阅文献和标本资料,结合市场产销信息和网络信息等,前往产区对穿心莲种质资源情况进行实地调查。结果：目前穿心莲野生资源在我国的分布极其少见;栽培主要集中在广东、广西、福建、四川,其中广西和广东的栽培面积最大,云南仅有零星种植;同时获得了穿心莲不同居群的生态环境、生物学特性、栽培及产销和使用情况的信息。结论：应该采取积极有效的措施保护穿心莲以及其它药用植物资源的生态环境,完善种植管理体制,积极推广规范化种植栽培,加强穿心莲药用植物资源的可持续发展和开发利用。     

穿心莲化感作用与GAP栽培规范的研究

目的 研究穿心莲的化感作用,为GAP栽培管理提供依据.方法 以表面皿培养法试验穿心莲根际土壤浸提液及穿心莲内酯对照品溶液对穿心莲种子及三叶鬼针草种子萌发的抑制作用:以HPLC法对穿心莲根际土壤浸提液进行了分析鉴定.结果 穿心莲根际土壤浸提液及穿心莲内酯对照品溶液均能显著抑制三叶鬼针草和穿心莲种子的萌发,其抑制作用随着浓...     

Analysis on Isozyme and Diterpene Lactones Variability during Ontogenesis of Andrographis paniculata

Objective To understand the relationship between isozyme activities and diterpene lactone biosynthesis of Andrographis paniculata. Methods Plants were collected during ontogeny from seeding to seed maturity, and separated into leaves and stems for determination. Morphological and yield parameters were used to describe plant growing states. Isozyme changes were tested by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. HPLC was used to develop the fingerprints as well as to determine the diterpene lactone content. Results Significant increases were observed in the activities of isozymes, such as aspartate aminotransferase(AST), malate dehydrogenase(MDH), peroxidase(POD), and catalase(CAT), around the early stage of bud in leaves, and the activities of these four kinds of isozymes increased gradually as time progressed in stems. The content changes of diterpene lactones in leaves and stem were various. In the leaves, andrographolide(1) was recorded the highest [(23.63 ± 1.06) mg/g] at the early stage of bud, whereas deoxyandrographolide(2) was the lowest [(6.78 ± 0.27) mg/g] at this period and it reached the highest level at the seeding stage [(26.05 ± 1.04) mg/g]. Dehydroandrographolide(3) and neoandrographolide(4) fluctuated during growing stages. Meanwhile, the HPLC fingerprint showed that the content changes of two unknown compounds were related to that of dehydroandrographolide in leaves. In stems, andrographolide had increased gradually until the bud stage [(8.26 ± 0.33)mg/g], and other three diterpene lactones showed a trend of fluctuation. The yield of total diterpene lactones in aerial part reached the highest at the first flowering stage(806.71 mg/plant). Conclusion These results lay the foundation for the future research on the relationship of isozymes and diterpene lactones, and for determining the most favorable time for harvesting A. paniculata.     

广西GAP基地穿心莲中脱水穿心莲内酯的含量及质量标准探讨

目的考察广西GAP基地穿心莲药材中脱水穿心莲内酯的含量,为提高其质量标准提供参考。方法采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Diamonsil—ODSC18（250mm×4．6mm,5μ）;流动相为甲醇-水（65：35）;流速为0．8mL／min;检测波长为254nm,柱温：25℃。结果广西GAP基地所产穿心莲药材中脱水穿心莲内酯含量相对稳定。结论实施药材GAP规范化种植是稳定中药有效成分、提高药材质量的有效途径。