掌叶梁王茶茎皮的化学成分研究

利用各种现代色谱方法从掌叶梁王茶Nothopanax delavayi茎皮70%乙醇提取物中分离得到11个化合物,通过波谱技术和理化性质鉴定它们的结构为三对节酸3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（1）,三对节酸3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→6）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（2）,三对节酸（3）,三对节酸3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷（4）,三对节酸3-O-β-（2’,4’-O-二乙酰基）-D-吡喃木糖-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→6）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（5）,三对节酸3-O-α-（4’-O-乙酰基）-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→6）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（6）,三对节酸3-O-α-（2’-O-乙酰基）-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→6）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（7）,三对节酸3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→6）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（8）,原儿茶酸（9）,咖啡酸乙酯（10）,咖啡酸酐（11）。其中化合物3~4,9~11为首次从梁王茶属植物中分离得到,化合物5~8为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

延龄草根及根茎化学成分研究

目的：对延龄草Trillium tschonoskii Maxim.的化学成分进行研究。方法：采用硅胶柱色谱,大孔树脂,ODS反相柱色谱以及重结晶等方法分离纯化,并通过理化常数和波谱分析鉴定化合物结构。结果：分离并鉴定了10个化合物分别为偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-（1→2）-β-D-葡萄糖苷（1）,偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-（1→4）-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄糖苷（2）,偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-（1→4）-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-（1→4）-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄糖苷（3）,豆甾醇（4）,β-谷甾醇（5）,胡萝卜苷（6）,紫云英苷（7）,豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷-６’-十六烷酸酯（8）,豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（9）,熊果酸（10）。结论：化合物 4,8,9,10 为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

青阳参中C21甾体成分研究

该文用硅胶,ODS,MCI柱色谱和半制备型HPLC等方法对青阳参的氯仿萃取中含有的C₂₁甾体类成分进行了系统的分离纯化研究,并结合波谱数据对该类成分进行了结构确认。从青阳参氯仿萃取物分离到11个C₂₁甾体类化合物,分别为青阳参苷乙（1）,告达亭-3-O-β-D-加拿大麻吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-夹竹桃吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-加拿大麻吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-加拿大麻吡喃糖苷（2）,告达亭-3-O-β-D-夹竹桃吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-夹竹桃吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-加拿大麻吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-加拿大麻吡喃糖苷（3）,告达亭-3-O-β-D-夹竹桃吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-毛地黄毒吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-加拿大麻吡喃糖苷（4）,青阳参苷O（5）,加加明-3-O-β-D-夹竹桃吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-加拿大麻吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-加拿大麻吡喃糖苷（6）,sinomarinoside B（7）,mucronatosides C（8）,wallicoside J（9）,stephanoside H（10）,青阳参苷元-3-O-β-D-夹竹桃吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-加拿大麻吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-毛地黄毒吡喃糖苷（11）。除化合物 1,4和5外其他成分均为首次从该植物中分离得到的C₂₁甾体类化合物。     

鬼针草化学成分研究

对鬼针草Bidens bipinnata中的化学成分进行研究,筛选具有抗肝纤维化活性单体。采用大孔树脂、硅胶、MCI树脂、Sephadex LH-20等方法进行分离纯化,得到15个化合物,并运用波谱技术测试,鉴定其结构为槲皮素（1）,槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷（2）,紫云英苷（3）,山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷（4）,5,3’-二羟基-3,6,4’-三甲氧基-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷黄酮（5）,7,8,3’,4’-四羟基二氢黄酮（6）,（R/S）-异奥卡宁-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（7）,（R/S）-异奥卡宁-3’-甲氧基-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（8）,6,7,3’,4’-四羟基橙酮（9）,海生菊苷（10）,6,7-二羟基香豆素（11）,3-咖啡酸酰基-2-甲基-D-赤藓糖酸-1,4内酯（12）,（7S,8R）苯并二氢呋喃新木脂素-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（13）,丁香酚-O-β-D-呋喃芹糖-（1"-6’）-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（14）,（+）丁香脂素-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（15）。其中化合物8,13~15为首次从本属植物中分离得到。在初步的活性筛选中化合物 1,6有较强体外抑制肝星状细胞增殖的能力;化合物1,2,6,7有较强体外抑制腹腔巨噬细胞分泌炎症因子的能力。     

吊球草的化学成分及抑菌活性研究

研究吊球草Hyptis rhomboidea的化学成分,并对部分单体化合物进行抑菌活性测定。采用Toyopearl HW-40,Sephadex LH-20,MCI-Gel CHP-20,RP-18,PTLC及硅胶等色谱法对吊球草进行化学成分研究,根据理化性质和波谱技术鉴定化合物的结构,并评价部分单体化合物对8种植物病原菌的抑菌活性。从乙酸乙酯部位中共分离鉴定了11个化合物,分别为咖啡酸乙酯（1）、熊果酸（2）、齐墩果酸（3）、vanillactic acid（4）、迷迭香酸甲酯（5）、山柰酚-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→6）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（6）、山柰酚-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→2）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（7）、冬青素A（8）、β-香树脂醇（9）、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（紫云英苷,10）和胆甾-5-烯-3β,4β-二醇（11）。其中化合物1对核盘菌的抑制活性最强,MIC为16.2 mg·L^-1,化合物5对玉米大斑病菌和小核盘菌的抑制活性最强,MIC分别为8.1,16.2 mg·L^-1。所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物1 ,5具有较强的抗真菌活性。     

大血藤中1个新的木脂素类化合物

大血藤来源于木通科植物大血藤Sargentodoxa cuneata的干燥藤茎。该研究通过HPD-100 大孔树脂、反复硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20 和制备液相等方法,从采自安徽黄山的大血藤藤茎中分离出20个化合物;根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据,分别鉴定为(7R,8S)-3,3'-5-三甲氧基-4,9-二羟基-4',7-环氧-5',8-木脂素-7'-烯-9'-酸 4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1),1-O-香草酸-6-O-香草酰基吡喃葡萄糖苷(2),对羟基苯乙醇-6-O-香豆酰吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),枸橼苦素B(4),桂皮苷(5),(-)-异落叶松脂素4'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6),(-)-异落叶松脂素4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7),1-O-香草酸-6-(3",5"-二甲氧基-没食子酰)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8),对羟基苯乙醇-6-O-(E)-咖啡酰吡喃葡萄糖苷(9),(-)-丁香树脂醇4'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10),(-)-丁香树脂醇双葡萄糖苷(11),野菰苷(12),木通苯乙醇苷B(13),4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯乙酮-4-O-α-L-鼠李糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(14),4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯乙酮-4-O-β-D-芹糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(15),(-)-表儿茶素(16),毛柳苷(17),3,4-二羟基苯乙醇吡喃葡萄糖苷(18),绿原酸(19),原儿茶酸(20),其中化合物1为新化合物,化合物2~7首次从该植物中分离得到。     

预知子化学成分研究

 目的研究预知子的化学成分。方法通过反复硅胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱和重结晶的方法分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据鉴定结构。结果分离得到7个化合物,分别为常春藤皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(Ⅰ),常春藤皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(Ⅱ),3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ),3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅳ),常春藤皂苷元-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅴ),3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-30-去甲齐墩果酸-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅵ),胡萝卜苷(Ⅶ)。结论其中化合物Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ为首次从本植物中分离得到,化合物Ⅴ、Ⅵ为首次从本属植物中分离得到。     

杜仲叶化学成分的研究

杜仲叶来源于杜仲科植物杜仲Eucommia ulmoides的干燥叶。为了深入了解杜仲叶中的活性成分,该研究采用D-101大孔树脂,MCI树脂,反相ODS,Sephadex LH-20,Rp-HPLC制备柱色谱法和重结晶等方法,从杜仲叶乙醇提取物的正丁醇萃取部位中分离得到10个化合物,通过MS和NMR等谱学方法,鉴定结构为山柰素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（1）,槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（2）,槲皮素（3）,槲皮素-3-O-β-D-木糖基-（1→2）-β-D-葡萄糖苷（4）,山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基-（1→6）-β-D-葡萄糖苷（5）,（2S,3S）-（-）-花旗松素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（6）,4-羟基肉桂酸（7）,（+）-环橄榄脂素（8）,松脂素-β-D-葡萄糖苷（9）,角鲨烯（10）,其中化合物1,5~7,10为首次从该属植物中分离得到。采用DPPH自由基清除法对分离得到的化合物进行抗氧化活性研究。结果显示,其中化合物 2 表现出显著的自由基清除能力（IC₅₀为13.7 μmol·L^-1）,活性强于Vit C（IC₅₀为59.9 μmol·L^-1）;化合物1,3,9显示中等强度自由基清除能力（IC₅₀分别为161,137,214 μmol·L^-1）,活性弱于Vit C,但强于2,6-二羟丁基对甲酚（IC₅₀为236 μmol·L^-1）;化合物4,6自由基清除能力较弱（IC₅₀分别为264,299 μmol·L^-1）;提示杜仲的药理作用,可能与其黄酮和木脂素类化学成分具有能够体内清除体内活性氧及抗氧化成分有关。     

素馨花三萜皂苷类化学成分研究

目的:研究木犀科茉莉属植物素馨花干燥花蕾的化学成分。方法:通过硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱和重结晶等方法进行分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据鉴定结构。结果:从素馨花干燥花蕾70%乙醇提取物中分离得到6个三萜皂苷类化合物,分别鉴定为3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃木糖基常春藤皂苷元-28-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖酯苷(1)、常春藤皂苷元3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→3)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(2)、2α,3β,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester(3)、常春藤皂昔元-3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→3)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(4)、2α,3β,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester(5)、常春藤皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→)2-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(6)。结论:化合物1为新化合物,化合物26为首次从茉莉属植物中分离得到。     

滇重楼的抗肿瘤活性成分研究

目的：研究滇重楼Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis根茎中具有抗肿瘤作用的活性成分。方法：利用硅胶柱色谱,Sephadex LH-20,反相制备HPLC等手段进行分离纯化,并通过波谱技术进行结构鉴定。采用MTT法对分离到的化合物进行抗肿瘤活性筛选。结果：从醋酸乙酯和正丁醇层中分离得到了6个化合物,鉴定为薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖基(1→4)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(1)、偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖基(1→4)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2)、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3)、乙基-α-D-呋喃果糖苷(4)、偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→4)-［α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)］-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5)、偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→4)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→4)-［α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)］-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6)。结论：化合物1～4为首次从滇重楼中分离得到,化合物3和4为首次从重楼属植物中分离得到,化合物5为首次从滇重楼的根茎中分离得到。药理实验表明,化合物1～3,5和6对小鼠肺腺癌细胞LA795都显示出一定的抑制作用,其中化合物5和6最显著。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

贝母类药材湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis系统位置的探讨——来自ITS,rpl16,matK序列的证据

湖北贝母为传统中药,然而《Flora of China》将其基原植物湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis归并于天目贝母F.monantha项下。该实验采用分子系统学方法,以川百合Lilium davidii为外类群,用核基因ITS序列和叶绿体基因rpl16序列、matK序列等3个片段对湖北贝母及其近缘类群天目贝母F.monantha、安徽贝母F.anhuiensis等进行联合建树分析,对湖北贝母植物的系统位置进行了探讨,为湖北贝母药材的安全使用提供分子证据。结果显示,分子系统树上,3种贝母各自的居群聚为一支,之后天目贝母与安徽贝母聚为一支,最后与湖北贝母聚为一支。表明湖北贝母与天目贝母的亲缘关系可能要远于安徽贝母与天目贝母之间的关系,因此不适宜将湖北贝母归并于天目贝母。     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因克隆和生物信息学分析

目的:克隆金银花类药用植物4-二磷酸胞苷-2-C-甲基赤藓糖激酶(4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase,IspE)和4-羟基-3-甲基-2-邻苯基二磷酸还原酶(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase,IspH)基因,并对其基因序列、蛋白特性和转录活性进行分析、比较.方法:从忍冬Lonicera japonica转录组测序结果中分析获得了IspE,IspH基因.分别以忍冬、红白忍冬L.japonica var.chinensis、红腺忍冬L.hypoglauca和水忍冬L.dasystyla新鲜花蕾为材料,利用RT-PCR技术克隆获得了4种金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因的全长cDNA.运用生物信息学分析软件,预测编码蛋白的结构和功能,并通过RT-PCR检测IspE和IspH在忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬、水忍冬花蕾中的转录情况.结果:金银花类药用植物IspE基因含有1个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 221 bp,编码406个氨基酸;IspH含有一个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 380 bp,编码459个氨基酸.IspE和IspH均为非分泌蛋白,均定位于叶绿体中.RT-PCR分析结果表明在忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬的花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平没有显著差异,但红白忍冬花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平均显著高于忍冬.结论:克隆获得忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬中IspE,IspH基因,并证实了其在不同金银花类药用植物中的表达,为进一步研究IspE,IspH基因对萜类化合物生物合成和花香气以及颜色的影响奠定了基础.     

牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵的显微和化学鉴别

目的:为苦苣苔科唇柱苣苔属植物牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵的鉴定和分类提供解剖学和化学依据。方法:采用石蜡制片法和水合氯醛透化法对2种药用植物的根状茎和叶横切面和粉末特征进行研究,应用光学显微镜观察显微结构。采用HPLC-UV法进行化学鉴别。结果:牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵显微特征无明显区别,但是化学特征有明显的差异。结论:化学诞生特征鉴别方法可以作为2种药用植物的鉴定方法。