茯苓多糖对高尿酸血症大鼠肾小管转运体rURAT1、rOAT1和rOCT2表达的影响

目的:考察茯苓多糖(PPC)对大鼠慢性高尿酸血症的治疗效果及其对肾脏尿酸相关转运体有机阴离子转运体1(rOAT1)、尿酸转运体1(rURAT1),以及肌酐相关转运体有机阳离子转运体2(rOCT2)蛋白表达的影响。方法:将大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、苯溴马隆组、茯苓多糖(PPC)高、中、低剂量组,每组6只。采用氧嗪酸钾+乙胺丁醇复制大鼠慢性高尿酸血症模型,从第3周开始给予治疗药物。使用全自动生化仪测定大鼠血清和尿液中尿酸和肌酐含量,测定肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)水平。采用Western Blot技术考察相关转运体的表达。采用HE染色法进行肾脏组织病理学评价。结果:模型组大鼠血尿酸(SUA)水平升高,尿尿酸(UUA)排泄减少,肌酐排泄减少,肾脏rURAT1表达增加,rOAT1表达减少,rOCT2表达减少,肾组织出现轻微的肾小管扩张、肾小管上皮细胞空泡退化。PPC组随剂量增加,SUA水平较模型组下降,UUA排泄增加,尿酸排泄分数增加,肌酐排泄增加,肾小管病理变化有所缓解,肾脏rURAT1表达减少,rOAT1表达增加,rOCT2表达增加。结论:PPC具有明显的抗高尿酸血症作用,可能是通过上调rOAT1的表达、下调r URAT1的表达,从而增加了尿酸的排泄。     

桂枝汤对高尿酸血症小鼠肾保护作用的研究

目的：研究桂枝汤对高尿酸血症小鼠肾保护作用及其机制。方法：用氧嗪酸钾诱导小鼠产生高尿酸血症模型,并随机分为6组：空白对照组、模型对照组、别嘌呤醇组（5 mg·kg^-1）、桂枝汤组（900、1 799和3 598 mg·kg^-1）。苏木精-伊红染色观察小鼠肾脏组织病理学变化;商品化试剂盒测定小鼠血清和尿液中尿酸、肌酐和尿素氮水平以及肝脏黄嘌呤氧化（XOD）活性。采用Western blot方法检测动物肾脏尿酸盐转运子（URAT1）、葡萄糖转运子9（GLUT9）、三磷酸腺苷结合转运蛋白G超家族成员2（ABCG2）、有机阳离子转运子1（OCT1）、OCT2、有机阳离子/肉毒碱转运子1（OCTN1）和OCTN2。结果：与模型对照组比较,桂枝汤可明显降低高尿酸血症小鼠血清尿酸、肌酐和尿素氮水平,增加尿液尿酸和肌酐浓度,提高尿酸排泄分数。另外,桂枝汤可有效抑制高尿酸血症小鼠肝脏XOD活性,下调模型动物肾脏URAT1和GLUT9蛋白水平,上调肾脏ABCG2、OCT1、OCT2、OCTN1和OCTN2蛋白水平。结论：桂枝汤可能通过抑制高尿酸血症小鼠肝脏XOD活性以减少尿酸生成、调节肾脏有机离子转运子蛋白水平以促进尿酸及其他有机离子排泄,从而发挥其降尿酸和肾保护作用。     

车前子醇提物降低急性高尿酸血症小鼠血尿酸水平及机制研究

目的:探讨车前子醇提物对高尿酸血症小鼠血清尿酸水平的影响及降尿酸作用机制.方法:车前子低、中、高剂量(1.17,2.34,4.68 g·kg-1)和别嘌呤醇(10 mg·kg-1)ig连续7d,建立小鼠高尿酸血症模型,观测对氧嗪酸钾盐诱导的急性高尿酸血症小鼠血清尿酸与肌酐含量、肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)与腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)的活性、肾脏尿酸转运体(mURAT1)mRNA表达的影响.结果:与正常组比,模型组小鼠血清尿酸与肌酐含量和肝脏XOD与ADA活性显著增高,并上调肾脏尿酸转运体mURAT1 mRNA的表达.提取物低、中、高剂量组血清尿酸分别为(178.32±10.26),(148.77±13.59),(160.28±14.65)μmol·L-1,明显低于模型组(235.65±19.38) μmol·L-1(P ＜0.01).血清肌酐分别为(56.12±4.58),(50.97±3.27),(52.45±4.66) μmol·L-1,明显低于模型组(107.59±8.32) μmol·L-1(P ＜0.01).肝脏XOD活性分别为(23.18±3.72),(16.96±2.45),(14.62±3.43) U·g-1,明显低于模型组(24.39±3.58) U·g-1 (P ＜0.05).ADA活性分别为(4.70±0.44),(3.89±0.24),(4.08±0.58) U·mg-1,明显低于模型组(5.92±0.84) U·mg-1 (P ＜0.05,P＜0.oi).肾尿酸转运体mURAT1 mRNA的表达分别为1.83±0.12,1.52±0.13,1.72±0.11,明显低于模型组2.22 ±0.1(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论:车前子醇提物能够降低高尿酸血症模型小鼠的血尿酸,改善高尿酸血症小鼠肾脏功能.抑制XOD与ADA活性并下调肾脏尿酸转运体mURAT1 mRNA的表达,是其降低高尿酸血症小鼠血清尿酸水平的可能机制.     

槲皮素治疗高尿酸血症的机制研究

目的探讨槲皮素降尿酸的作用及机制。方法利用CRISPR/Cas9技术敲除尿酸酶基因建造高尿酸血症小鼠模型,观察槲皮素对慢性高尿酸血症小鼠血清尿酸、尿素氮、肌酐及肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的影响。试剂盒测定肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)活力;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应qRT-PCR测定肾脏和肠道中尿酸转运体相关基因的mRNA表达。Western Bolt测定肾脏尿酸盐转运体GLUT9、URAT1与ABCG2蛋白的表达情况。结果高剂量槲皮素可显著降低高尿酸血症小鼠血清尿酸水平,降低血清尿素氮和肌酐水平。显著抑制肝脏和肠道中GLUT9的表达,增加ABCG2蛋白的表达,对其他转运蛋白影响不大。结论槲皮素具有良好降尿酸作用,其机制可能与调节肾脏和肠道中的GLUT9和ABCG2表达有关。     

藏药长花铁线莲及其主要成分calcoside D降低急性高尿酸血症小鼠尿酸水平及作用机制研究

目的探讨长花铁线莲醇提物对急性高尿酸血症小鼠尿酸水平的影响及其主要成分降尿酸的作用机制。方法将70只昆明小鼠按体质量均衡随机分为空白组,急性高尿酸血症模型组,别嘌呤醇组(10 mg·kg~(-1)),长花铁线莲总提物高、低剂量组(2.34、1.17 g·kg~(-1)),calcoside D高、低剂量组(50、20 mg·kg~(-1)),每组10只,连续灌胃7 d,末次给药前30 min注射350 mg·kg~(-1)氧嗪酸钾造急性高尿酸血症模型。检测各组血清尿酸(UA)、肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、尿素氮(BUN)含量及肝脏XOD、腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)活力,RT-PCR测定肾脏转运体mURAT1、mOAT1、mGLUT9 mRNA相对表达量。结果与模型组相比,长花铁线莲醇提物高、低剂量组和calcoside D高、低剂量组均能显著降低血清UA值与抑制肝脏XOD活力(P 0.05),calcoside D高、低剂量组能显著降低血清中BUN、IL-1β(P 0.05),calcoside D高剂量组能显著降低TNF-α的含量(P 0.05),calcoside D高、低剂量组均能抑制肝脏ADA活力(P 0.01),下调肾脏mURAT1(P 0.01)、上调mOAT1 mRNA(P 0.001)的表达,calcoside D低剂量组能显著下调mGLUT9 mRNA的表达(P 0.001)。结论长花铁线莲与calcoside D均具有显著降尿酸的作用,且calcosideD具有一定的肾脏保护作用和抗炎作用,抑制XOD与ADA活力及下调肾脏mURAT1、mGLUT9 mRNA的表达,上调mOAT1 mRNA的表达为calcoside D降尿酸的可能机制。     

心宝丸治疗慢性心力衰竭的系统评价

目的探讨长花铁线莲醇提物对急性高尿酸血症小鼠尿酸水平的影响及其主要成分降尿酸的作用机制。方法将70只昆明小鼠按体质量均衡随机分为空白组,急性高尿酸血症模型组,别嘌呤醇组(10 mg·kg~(-1)),长花铁线莲总提物高、低剂量组(2.34、1.17 g·kg~(-1)),calcoside D高、低剂量组(50、20 mg·kg~(-1)),每组10只,连续灌胃7 d,末次给药前30 min注射350 mg·kg~(-1)氧嗪酸钾造急性高尿酸血症模型。检测各组血清尿酸(UA)、肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、尿素氮(BUN)含量及肝脏XOD、腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)活力,RT-PCR测定肾脏转运体mURAT1、mOAT1、mGLUT9 mRNA相对表达量。结果与模型组相比,长花铁线莲醇提物高、低剂量组和calcoside D高、低剂量组均能显著降低血清UA值与抑制肝脏XOD活力(P 0.05),calcoside D高、低剂量组能显著降低血清中BUN、IL-1β(P 0.05),calcoside D高剂量组能显著降低TNF-α的含量(P 0.05),calcoside D高、低剂量组均能抑制肝脏ADA活力(P 0.01),下调肾脏mURAT1(P 0.01)、上调mOAT1 mRNA(P 0.001)的表达,calcoside D低剂量组能显著下调mGLUT9 mRNA的表达(P 0.001)。结论长花铁线莲与calcoside D均具有显著降尿酸的作用,且calcosideD具有一定的肾脏保护作用和抗炎作用,抑制XOD与ADA活力及下调肾脏mURAT1、mGLUT9 mRNA的表达,上调mOAT1 mRNA的表达为calcoside D降尿酸的可能机制。     

水蛭素对高尿酸血症大鼠尿酸盐转运体OAT1、URAT1、GLUT9表达的影响

目的 探究水蛭素对高尿酸血症大鼠的作用及机制。方法 雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、别嘌醇（30 mg/kg）组和水蛭素低、中、高剂量（0.2、0.4、0.8 g/kg）组。大鼠ig氧嗪酸钾（0.75 g/kg），1次/d，连续5周，建立高尿酸血症模型；同时各给药组分别ig相应剂量的药物，1次/d，连续5周。采用生化法检测大鼠血清和尿液中的尿酸水平；免疫组化法测定肾组织中有机阴离子转运蛋白1（organic anion transporter 1，OAT1）水平；Western blotting法测定肾组织中葡萄糖转运体9（glucose transporter 9，GLUT9）、OAT1、尿酸盐转运体1（urate transporter 1，URAT1）蛋白表达；qRT-PCR检测肾组织中GLUT9、OAT1、URAT1 mRNA表达。结果 模型组大鼠血清和尿液中尿酸水平显著升高（P<0.01），GLUT9、URAT1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显升高（P<0.01），OAT1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显降低（P<0.01）；与模型组比较，水蛭素可显著降低大鼠血清和尿液中尿酸水平（P<0.01），显著下调GLUT9、URAT1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平（P<0.01），显著上调OAT1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平（P<0.01）。结论 水蛭素可通过调控高尿酸血症大鼠肾脏尿酸盐转运体OAT1、URAT1、GLUT9的表达，从而发挥降尿酸作用。     

虎杖对高尿酸血症大鼠肾小管尿酸转运蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察虎杖如何通过影响尿酸转运蛋白葡萄糖转运体9(GLUT9)mRNA、尿酸盐转运体1(URAT1)mRNA和有机阴离子转运体3(OAT3)mRNA表达来起到降尿酸作用。方法:制造高尿酸血症模型,观察不同剂量虎杖及苯溴马隆对高尿酸血症大鼠的血尿酸水平的影响及肾脏中尿酸转运蛋白基因表达水平的影响。结果:虎杖能通过抑制尿酸转运蛋白GLUT9、URAT1的基因表达水平及提高尿酸转运蛋白OAT3的基因表达水平,从而降低高尿酸血症大鼠的血尿酸水平的作用。结论:虎杖可明显降低高尿酸血症大鼠血尿酸水平并对肾脏功能起到保护的作用,其机制可能是抑制高尿酸血症大鼠肾组织中GLUT9mRNA和URAT1mRNA的表达水平,提高高尿酸血症大鼠肾组织中的OAT3mRNA表达水平,促进尿酸经肾小管的排泄,抑制肾小管对尿酸的重吸收,从而起到降尿酸作用。     

二妙丸水提取物对高尿酸血症小鼠尿酸失衡及其相关基因和蛋白水平的影响

目的研究二妙丸水提取物对高尿酸血症小鼠尿酸失衡及其相关基因和蛋白水平的影响。方法用氧嗪酸钾盐诱导小鼠以建立高尿酸血症模型。二妙丸(3.9、7.8g/kg)、黄柏(1.95、3.9g/kg)和苍术(1.95、3.9g/kg)各水提取物分别连续ig给予小鼠1周,末次给药1h后,分别测定小鼠血清、肝脏和尿液中尿酸水平,测定血肌酐(SCr)和尿肌酐(UCr)水平及肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)活性;采用RT-PCR方法测定小鼠肝脏XOD和肾脏尿酸盐重吸收转运子mURAT1 mRNA表达水平;利用Western Blotting方法测定小鼠肝脏XOD和肾脏mURAT1蛋白水平。结果与模型组比较,二妙丸水提取物低、高剂量和黄柏水提取物高剂量均显著降低血清和肝脏尿酸水平,及SCr水平,增加尿液中尿酸水平和UCr水平。二妙丸和黄柏水提取物2个剂量均显著抑制肝脏XOD活性,下调XOD mRNA和蛋白表达,降低肾脏mURAT1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平。而苍术水提取物2个剂量对上述指标均无显著影响。结论二妙丸水提取物具有抑制高尿酸血症小鼠尿酸生成和促进尿酸排泄的双重调节作用,以降低血清尿酸水平,其机制可能与抑制XOD与mURAT1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平有关。     

猫须草水提物对痛风性肾病大鼠肾脏URAT1、OAT1及病理的影响

目的探讨猫须草水提物对痛风性肾病大鼠肾脏尿酸盐转运体1(URAT1),有机阴离子转运蛋白1(OAT1)及病理的影响。方法采用酵母粉+腺嘌呤法建立大鼠痛风性肾病模型,测定其血尿酸、血肌酐、血尿素氮、尿尿酸、尿肌酐、24 h尿液排泄量及尿酸分级排泄率,光镜下观察肾组织病理变化,免疫组化法检测肾组织URAT1、OAT1蛋白表达。结果与模型组比较,猫须草水提物高、中剂量组大鼠血尿酸、血肌酐、血尿素氮水平及URAT1蛋白表达降低,而尿尿酸、尿肌酐水平,尿酸分级排泄率,OAT1蛋白表达升高;高、中、低剂量组大鼠24 h尿液排泄量升高程度无明显变化。结论猫须草水提物可能通过上调OAT1蛋白表达促进尿酸排泄、下调URAT1蛋白表达抑制尿酸重吸收的双重调节功能来促进尿酸在肾脏中的排泄,并减轻尿酸对肾脏的病理损伤。     

Anti-hyperuricemic and nephroprotective effects of Modified Simiao Decoction in hyperuricemic mice

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Modified Simiao Decoction (MSD), based on clinical experience, has been used for decades and famous for its efficiency in treating hyperuricemic and gouty diseases.

Aim of the study

To investigate the effects of MSD on anti-hyperuricemic and nephroprotective effects are involved in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic mice.

Materials and methods

The effects of MSD were investigated in hyperuricemic mice induced by potassium oxonate. MSD were fed to hyperuricemic mice daily at a dose of 0.45, 0.90, 1.80 g/kg for 10 days, and allopurinol (5 mg/kg) was given as a positive control. Serum and urine levels of uric acid and creatinine, and fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) were determined by colorimetric method. Its nephroprotective effects were evaluated by determining a panel of oxidative stress markers after the intervention in hyperuricemic mice. Simultaneously, protein levels of urate transporter 1 (URAT1) and organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) in the kidney were analyzed by Western blotting.

Results

MSD could inhibit XOD activities in serum and liver, decrease levels of serum uric acid, serum creatinine and BUN, and increased levels of urine uric acid, urine creatinine, FEUA dose-dependently through down-regulation of URAT1 and up-regulation of OAT1 protein expressions in the renal tissue of hyperuricemic mice. It also effectively reversed oxonate-induced alterations on renal MDA levels and SOD activities in this model.

Conclusion

MSD processes uricosuric and nephroprotective actions by regulating renal urate transporters and enhancing antioxidant enzymes activities to improve renal dysfunction in hyperuricemic mice.     

The dual actions of Sanmiao wan as a hypouricemic agent: Down-regulation of hepatic XOD and renal mURAT1 in hyperuricemic mice

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Sanmiao wan (SMW) is widely used for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia in traditional Chinese medicine.

Aim of the study

The aim of the present study was to investigate the hypouricemic effects of SMW and its possible mechanism in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic mice.

Materials and methods

SMW at 489, 978 and 1956 mg/kg was orally administered to hyperuricemic and normal mice, and standard drug allopurinol (2.5 mg/kg) was served as a positive control. The effects of SMW on serum, urine and liver levels of uric acid, serum levels of creatinine, and activity of hepatic xanthine oxidase (XOD) were measured in mice. Moreover, the effects of SMW on the mRNA and protein levels of hepatic XOD and renal urate transporter 1 (mURAT1) in mice were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting methods, respectively.

Results

SMW significantly reduced uric acid levels in serum and liver, inhibited hepatic XOD activity, mRNA and protein levels in hyperuricemic mice. Furthermore, SMW could effectively down-regulate renal mURAT1 mRNA and protein levels of hyperuricemic mice. And it reversed oxonate-induced elevation in serum creatinine levels of mice. However, SMW did not show any effects in normal mice.

Conclusion

These findings suggested that SMW produced dual hypouricemic actions by suppressing hepatic XOD to reduce uric acid production and down-regulating renal mURAT1 to decrease urate reabsorption and enhance urate excretion in hyperuricemic mice.     

基于叶绿体全基因组的贝母属特异性DNA条形码的筛选

本研究通过对贝母属4个物种叶绿体基因组进行全局分析,分别查找基因区域和基因间区的高变异区域,筛选用于高效鉴别贝母属植物的新DNA条形码序列。相关研究发现贝母属植物的基因区域序列相似度极高,不适用于DNA条形码鉴定研究;共有7个基因间区可以作为潜在的贝母属植物鉴定的特异性DNA条形码。本研究所构建的DNA条形码筛选方法,为筛选用于难鉴定科属的新的DNA条形码提供了通用的方法体系。     

萆薢总皂苷对慢性高尿酸血症大鼠尿酸排泄指标的影响

目的研究萆薢总皂苷（totalsaponinofdioscorea,TSD）对慢性高尿酸血症大鼠尿酸排泄指标的影响以及血尿酸（SUA）水平与尿酸排泄指标之间的相关性。方法90只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,TSD高、中、低剂量组（300、100、30mg／kg）及苯溴马隆（10mg／kg）组,每组15只。以氧嗪酸钾加乙胺丁醇制备慢性高尿酸血症模型。大鼠自由饮水、饮食,从第3周开始灌胃给药,每天1次,连续4周,分别于14、28d测定SUA、血肌酐（SCr）、血尿素氮（BUN）、尿量（UV）、尿尿酸（UUA）、尿肌酐（UCr）含量,计算尿酸排泄指标[包括：24h尿酸排泄量（24hUUA）、尿酸排泄分数（FEUA）、尿酸清除率（CUr）、肌酐清除率（CCr）、单位肾小球滤过尿酸排泄（EurGF）及UUA与UCr比值（UUA／UCr）]。采用Pearson相关分析,对SUA与尿酸排泄指标之间的相关性进行分析。结果模型组大鼠14、28dSUA、SCr均显著升高,UUA、24hUUA、CCr、CUr、FEUA、EurGF、UUA,uCr均显著降低。TsD能剂量依赖性地降低高尿酸血症大鼠SUA,显著增加UUA、24hUUA、CCr、CUr、FEUA及EurGF,其作用与苯溴马隆相近。TSD对高尿酸血症大鼠BUN、UCr、UUA／UCr和UV均无明显影响。相关性分析显示：给药14d和28d,SUA水平与SCr呈正相关（r=0．359,r=0．306）,与CUr、FEUA、CCr呈显著负相关（r=-0．749,-0．733;r=-0．669,-0．646;r=-0．359,-0．273）,与EurGF、UUA／UCr之间无明显相关性（r=0．134,0．078;r=-0．057,-0．065）;14dSUA与24hUUA呈负相关（r=-0．267）,与UUA、UCr之间无相关性;28dSUA与UUA、UCr呈负相关（r=-0．269,r=-0．275）,与24hUUA之间无相关性。结论TSD可促进尿酸排泄,显著提高尿酸排泄指标;SUA水平与SCr呈正相关,与CUr、FEUA、CCr呈显著负相关;FEUA和CUr是肾脏排泄尿酸的敏感指标。     

Effect and mechanism of total saponin of Dioscorea on animal experimental hyperuricemia

In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of Total Saponin of Dioscorea (TSD) on animal experimental hyperuricemia. Mouse and rat hyperuricemic models were made by orally administering yeast extract paste once a day (30 and 20 g/kg, respectively), for 7 days. Yeast would disturb normal purine metabolism by increasing xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity and generating large quantities of uric acid. This model is similar to human hyperuricemia, which is induced by high-protein diets, due to a purine and nucleic acid metabolic disturbance. Another mouse hyperuricemia model was generated by intraperitoneal injection once with uric acid 250 mg/kg or potassium oxonate 300 mg/kg. Potassium oxonate, a urate oxidase inhibitor, can raise the serum uric acid level by inhibiting the decomposition of uric acid. Likewise, injecting uric acid can also increase serum uric acid concentration. The concentration of uric acid in serum or urine was detected by the phosphotungstic acid method, and the activity of XOD was assayed by a test kit. The results showed that TSD (240, 120 and 60 mg/kg, ig) could significantly lower the level of serum uric acid in hyperuricemic mice. TSD (120 and 60 mg/kg, ig) could also lower the level of serum uric acid in hyperuricemic rats, reduce the activity of XOD in the serum and liver of hyperuricemic rats, and increase the level of urine uric acid concentration as well as 24-hour total uric acid excretion. In conclusion, TSD possesses a potent anti-hyperuricemic effect on hyperuricemic animals, and the mechanism may be relevant in accelerating the excretion and decreasing the production of uric acid.     

益母草提取物对大鼠高尿酸血症的调控作用

该研究采用灌胃给予SD大鼠氧嗪酸钾(300 mg·kg·d)制备高尿酸血症模型, 并将其分为正常组、模型组、别嘌醇组、益母草提取物高、中、低剂量组(200, 100, 50 mg·kg·d), 给予氧嗪酸钾1 h后给药, 连续给药7 d。分别测定血清尿酸(serum uric acid, SUA), 肌酐(serum creatinine, SCre), 尿中尿酸(uric acid, UA)及肾脏中相关转运体的表达水平, 研究益母草提取物对高尿酸血症大鼠血尿酸、肾功能的影响及肾脏相关转运体的mRNA的调节作用。结果显示与模型组相比, 益母草提取物可以显著性降低高尿酸血症大鼠血清尿酸, 肌酐的水平, 升高尿尿酸水平;同时, 益母草提取物可以显著性下调肾脏尿酸盐转运体(urate transporter 1, URAT1), 葡萄糖转运蛋白9(glucose transporter 9, GLUT9) mRNA 的表达, 上调有机阳离子转运体(organic cation transportanter, OCT), 肉毒碱转运体(carnitine transporter, OCTN)mRNA的表达, 具有促进肾脏尿酸排泄的作用。