金丝桃苷等5个天然黄酮类化合物的抗抑郁活性筛选研究

目的 对金丝桃苷等5个天然黄酮类化合物的抗抑郁活性进行筛选与验证.方法 采用经典抗抑郁模型小鼠强迫游泳、大鼠强迫游泳、小鼠悬尾实验和小鼠自主活动实验对5个天然黄酮类化合物的抗抑郁活性进行筛选和验证.结果 发现阳性对照盐酸氟西汀(5 mg/kg)、18.66 mg/kg金丝桃苷剂量组与空白相比都能够显著降低小鼠强迫游泳不动时间(P＜0.05,P＜0.05),表明金丝桃苷可能具有一定的抗抑郁活性;同时利用大鼠强迫游泳和小鼠悬尾实验对活性单体金丝桃苷进行了抗抑郁活性的验证,结果显示金丝桃苷10,20 mg/kg两个剂量给药组均能明显缩短小鼠强迫游泳和悬尾的不动时间;各给药组小鼠的自主运动情况与阳性对照和空白之间没有显著差异.结论 表明金丝桃苷具有明确的抗抑郁活性.     

黄芩总黄酮对小鼠的抗抑郁作用

目的:观察黄芩总黄酮的抗抑郁作用。方法:雄性ICR小鼠分为空白对照组和4个治疗组,其中治疗组连续7 dig给予黄芩总黄酮(25,50,100 mg.kg-1)和阳性对照药盐酸氟西汀(20 mg.kg-1)。末次给药1 h后,采用强迫游泳、悬尾以及利血平拮抗实验对小鼠进行行为学观察。结果:黄芩总黄酮(50,100 mg.kg-1)和盐酸氟西汀(20 mg.kg-1)均显著缩短小鼠强迫游泳和悬尾不动时间,并显著拮抗利血平所致的小鼠体温下降、运动不能以及眼睑下垂。结论:黄芩总黄酮具有抗抑郁作用,其机制可能涉及单胺能神经系统。     

复方柴胡口服液抗抑郁作用初步研究

目的:初步探讨复方柴胡口服液抗抑郁作用.方法:采用小鼠悬尾实验及强迫游泳实验等方法观察复方柴胡口服液的抗抑郁作用.结果:在小鼠强迫游泳实验和小鼠悬尾实验中,复方柴胡口服液低剂量(生药4g/kg)能明显缩短两种"行为绝望"模型小鼠的不动时间,中剂量(生药12g/kg)能明显缩短小鼠强迫游泳的不动时间.结论:复方柴胡口服液对"行为绝望"动物模型有抗抑郁作用.     

柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤有效部位抗抑郁作用研究

目的考察柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤有效部位（CLMAF）抗抑郁作用。方法采用小鼠强迫游泳、悬尾、利血平拮抗、5-羟色胺酸（5-HTP）诱导甩头、慢性应激等抑郁动物模型，观察CLMAF的抗抑郁作用。结果CLMAF20，40，80mg／kg均能不同程度地缩短小鼠强迫游泳、悬尾不动时间，能拮抗高剂量利血平降低小鼠体温作用，增加5-HTP诱导小鼠甩头次数，改善慢性应激小鼠被动回避能力。结论CLMAF具有显著的抗抑郁作用。     

豆腐果苷抗抑郁作用研究

目的:初步探讨豆腐果苷的抗抑郁作用。方法:采用小鼠悬尾实验和强迫游泳实验研究豆腐果苷的抗抑郁作用。结果:在开野实验中,各剂量豆腐果苷对小鼠自主活动无显著影响;在小鼠悬尾实验和强迫游泳实验中,豆腐果苷20mg/kg能明显缩短小鼠悬尾不动时间和游泳不动时间,10mg/kg、30mg/kg能明显缩短小鼠悬尾不动时间。结论:豆腐果苷对"行为绝望"动物模型有明显抗抑郁作用。     

小柴胡汤抗抑郁作用研究

目的:观察小柴胡汤的抗抑郁作用.方法:本实验将小鼠随机分成5组,即小柴胡汤高中低剂量组( 27,18,9g·kg -1剂量组,ig每天1次,连续给药7d)、盐酸氟西汀组(20 mg·kg-1)、空白对照组(分别ig给予等体积的生理盐水).采用小鼠悬尾、小鼠强迫游泳实验,以小鼠不动时间为指标来评价小柴胡汤的抗抑郁作用.结果:小柴胡汤高、中、低剂量组均能够显著缩短小鼠悬尾及强迫游泳不动时间.结论:小柴胡汤具有明显的抗抑郁作用.     

柴胡提取组分抗抑郁作用的研究

目的 观察柴胡提取组分( CHB)的抗抑郁作用.方法 采用小鼠强迫游泳、悬尾两种“行为绝望”抑郁动物模型和利血平拮抗模型,观察CHB对小鼠游泳不动时间、悬尾不动时间以及利血平诱导的体温降低、眼睑下垂、运动不能的影响.结果 CHB 100,200 mg/kg均能不同程度地缩短小鼠强迫游泳和悬尾不动时间,能拮抗高剂量利血平致小鼠体温下降,改善利血平诱导的小鼠眼睑下垂,并呈现一定的量效关系.结论 CHB具有一定的抗抑郁作用.     

柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤抗抑郁作用研究

目的：研究柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤抗抑郁作用。方法：采用小鼠强迫游泳、悬尾、高剂量阿朴吗啡拮抗、利血平拮抗、5－HTP诱导甩头等抑郁动物模型，观察柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤的抗抑郁作用。结果：柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤50、200、500mg/kg能缩短小鼠强迫游泳，悬尾不动时间，能拮抗高剂量阿朴吗啡，利血平降低小鼠体温作用，增加5－HTP诱导的甩头次数，结论：柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤具有显的抗抑郁作用。     

石菖蒲对行为绝望动物抑郁模型的抗抑郁作用

目的：对石菖蒲水煎剂的抗抑郁作用进行筛选研究。方法：用小鼠尾悬 挂试验和大鼠强迫游泳试验抑郁模型对石菖蒲水煎剂的抗抑郁作用进行研究。结果：在小鼠尾悬挂试验和大鼠强迫游泳试验中,石菖蒲水煎剂与氟丁汀一样可以使小鼠尾悬挂的失望时间和大鼠强迫游泳的不动时间显著缩短,并呈一定的剂量依赖性,但其药理作用比氟西汀弱。石菖蒲的各剂量组与生理盐水对照组比较,统计学上有非常显著性差异,结论：石菖蒲水煎剂在行为绝望动物抑郁模型上有明显抗抑制作用。     

天麻乙酸乙酯提取物对行为绝望小鼠的抗抑郁作用

目的:研究天麻乙酸乙酯提取物(EtoAc extracts of Gastrodia elata,EEG)的抗抑郁作用.方法:雄性小鼠随机分为空白对照组,氟西汀组(20 mg·kg-1),氯丙咪嗪组(20 mg·kg-1),EEG低、高剂量组(0.063,0.126 g·kg-1),每组连续ig给药7d后,观察小鼠在悬尾实验(tail suspension test,TST),强迫游泳实验(forced swimming test,FST)中不动时间的变化情况以及小鼠在开场实验中自主活动的变化情况.结果:EEG高剂量(0.126 g·kg-1)能明显缩短小鼠悬尾不动时间,EEG高、低剂量(0.126,0.063 g·kg-1)均能明显缩短小鼠强迫游泳不动时间.EEG高、低剂量对小鼠在开场实验中的自主活动次数没有明显影响.结论:天麻乙酸乙酯提取物对“行为绝望”小鼠有抗抑郁作用.     

柴胡有效成分的萃取与抗惊厥作用实验研究

采用超临界CO2萃取法得到柴胡皂甙部分及挥发油部分,并进一步用戊四唑阈值发作模型(MSTT)及最大电休屯模型(MES)来研究其抗惊厥作用.结果柴胡挥发油300mg/kg与柴胡皂甙150mg/kg配伍组有较强的抗戊唑惊厥作用(P＜0.01);挥发油300mg/kg,皂甙150mg/kg与冰片36.4mg/kg配伍后则有显著的抗MES作用(P＜0.001).结论柴胡挥发油与柴胡皂甙合理配伍后有较强的抗惊厥作用.     

柴胡萃取成分抗惊厥作用的实验研究

目的：研究柴胡萃取物的抗惊厥作用。方法：采用超临界CO2萃取法得到柴胡皂甙部分及挥发油部分,用戊四唑阈值发作模型（MSTT）及最大电休克模型（MES）来研究其抗惊厥作用。结果：柴胡挥发油300mg/kg与柴胡皂甙150mg/kg配伍组有较强的抗戊四唑惊厥作用（P＜0．01）;挥发油300mg/kg,皂甙150mg/kg与冰片36．4mg/kg配伍后则有显著的抗EMS作用（P＜0．001）。结论：柴胡挥发油部分与柴胡皂甙部分合理配伍后有较强的抗惊厥作用。     

柴胡皂甙对戊四氮致痫大鼠的作用

目的:探讨柴胡皂甙对大鼠癫痫发作及脑电的影响。方法:观察柴胡皂甙对戊四氮致痫大鼠痫性发作潜伏期、发作程度以及脑电的影响。结果:腹腔注射柴胡皂甙50mg/kg、100mg/kg及150mg/kg三种剂量均能显著延长大鼠惊厥潜伏期,明显减轻大鼠痫样发作程度;对大鼠的脑电图有一定的改善作用。结论:柴胡皂甙具有抑制戊四氮诱发癫痫的作用。     

Reversal of LPS-induced immobility in mice by green tea polyphenols: possible COX-2 mechanism

An endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) is known to activate the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenocortical axis, as well as norepinephrine and indolamine metabolism. Systemically administered LPS produces depression in the forced swimming-induced despair behaviour model in mice. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of green tea extract (GTE) on LPS-induced despair behaviour and to explore the mechanism involved in modulation of LPS-induced immobility by GTE. GTE (10-100 mg/kg) pretreatment reversed LPS-induced immobility in a dose-dependent manner. Rofecoxib (2 mg/kg) and nimesulide (2 mg/kg), COX-2 inhibitors, also reversed the LPS-induced immobility, which was significantly potentiated by concomitant administration of GTE. On the other hand, GTE did not show any potentiating effect on immobility with naproxen (10 mg/kg), which is a nonselective COX blocker. Interestingly the antioxidant, carvedilol (2 mg/kg) did not produce any effect on immobility either in normal or in LPS treated mice. The results of the study implicate the role of COX-2 inhibition by GTE in the reversal of LPS-induced immobility.     

柴胡皂苷D对慢性应激诱导小鼠焦虑症的影响

目的:探讨柴胡皂苷D对慢性应激诱导焦虑模型小鼠的影响及其作用机制。方法:选取50只雄性ICR小鼠,按照随机数字表法分为五组,分别为正常组、慢性应激组、氟西汀组(20 mg/kg)、柴胡皂苷D低剂量组(20 mg/kg)和柴胡皂苷D高剂量组(40 mg/kg)。除正常组外,其余四组予慢性应激诱导小鼠建立焦虑症模型。通过蔗糖偏好实验、旷场试验、强迫游泳试验和悬尾试验检测小鼠行为学。采用酶联免疫技术检测IL-6、IL-β、TNF-α; 采用Western blot技术检测小鼠海马组织RIP140、p-NF-κB-p65、p-IκBα、p-IKKα和p-IKKβ蛋白表达; 采用免疫组化法检测小鼠海马组织RIP140蛋白表达。结果:柴胡皂苷D低剂量组、柴胡皂苷D高剂量组均能改善焦虑症模型小鼠行为学,并能降低血清IL-6、IL-β和TNF-α水平。柴胡皂苷D低剂量组、柴胡皂苷D高剂量组可降低小鼠海马组织RIP140、p-NF-κB-p65、p-IκBα、p-IKKα和p-IKKβ蛋白的表达。结论:柴胡皂苷D可以缓解慢性应激焦虑模型小鼠症状,其机制与调控RIP140/NF-κB信号通路相关。     

Anxiolytic-like actions of leaves of Casimiroa edulis (Rutaceae) in male Wistar rats

Anxiolytic-like actions of an aqueous extract of the leaves of Casimiroa edulis (Ce) La Llave ex Lex. (Rutaceae) were studied in male Wistar rats in the elevated plus-maze test, whether effect on locomotion were studied in the open-field task, and its possible antidepressant-like actions in the forced swimming task. In the elevated plus-maze test, diazepam (Dz) (1.30 mg/kg; P < 0.05) and Casimiroa edulis (25.0 mg/kg, P < 0.05; 35.0 mg/kg, P < 0.05) increased open arms exploration (i.e., anxiolytic-like action). Doses of 45.0 mg/kg (P < 0.05) and 55.0 mg/kg (P < 0.05) of Casimiroa edulis reduced locomotion in the elevated plus-maze test and in the open-field test. In the forced swimming task, desipramine (dmi) (32.0 mg/kg; P < 0.05) reduced immobility (i.e., antidepressant-like action). Conversely, as compared to control rats, neither diazepam (Dz) (1.30 mg/kg) nor Casimiroa edulis (25.0 mg/kg) modified immobility in the forced swimming task. However, diazepam (P < 0.05) or Casimiroa edulis (P < 0.05), when co-administered, canceled the antiimmobility actions of desipramine. In conclusion, the leaves of Casimiroa edulis (Rutaceae) produced anxiolytic-like actions in male Wistar rats, with several side actions, namely, reduced locomotion and neutralization of the antidepressant-like actions of desipramine.     

芍药苷和芍药内酯苷的抗抑郁作用与NO/cGMP信号转导通路的相关性

目的:比较赤芍、白芍及其有效成分芍药苷、芍药内酯苷对小鼠的抗抑郁作用及其与NO/c GMP信号转导通路的相关性。方法:选取小鼠悬尾实验模型,给予赤芍水提物、白芍水提物,记录小鼠悬尾不动时间。采用相同实验方法给予小鼠芍药苷和芍药内酯苷,并检测小鼠大脑皮质及海马组织中NO/c GMP通路相关指标。结果:与模型组比较,2 g/kg赤芍和2 g/kg、1 g/kg白芍组小鼠悬尾不动时间减少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与2 g/kg赤芍同剂量组比较,白芍的小鼠悬尾不动时间减少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与模型组比较,20 mg/kg芍药苷组、20 mg/kg芍药内酯苷组的小鼠悬尾不动时间及NO、c GMP含量明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且与10 mg/kg芍药苷同剂量组比较,芍药内酯苷组的小鼠悬尾不动时间及NO含量明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与模型组比较,20 mg/kg芍药苷组及20mg/kg芍药内酯苷组的小鼠n NOS、GluR1mRNA表达明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:白芍具有抗抑郁作用,芍药苷和芍药内酯苷是白芍抗抑郁作用的物质基础;与白芍比较,赤芍的抗抑郁作用较弱,与其主要含有抗抑郁作用较弱的芍药苷,而不含抗抑郁作用较强的芍药内酯苷有关。     

Effect of lyophilized extracts from guaraná seeds [Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke] on behavioral profiles in rats

The aim of the present study was to investigate the pharmacological properties of the crude lyophilized extract (EBPC) of Paullinia cupana seeds (guaraná) and the semi-purified extracts (EPA and EPB) after acute or chronic administration by the oral route in rats. Anxiolytic-like, antidepressant-like and motor stimulant effects were evaluated using the plus maze (PMT), forced swimming (FST) and open field (OFT) tests, respectively. Acute or chronic administration of EBPC (3.0, 30.0 or 60.0 mg/kg) did not alter the percentage of entries or the time spent in the open arm in the PMT. In the FST, chronic treatment with 30.0 mg EBPC/kg and 4.0 mg EPA/kg extract decreased the immobility time similarly to the antidepressant reference drug, imipramine (20.0 mg/kg). Locomotor activity in the OFT was not increased by these extracts. Caffeine (10.0 mg/kg) significantly reduced the immobility time in the FST, but increased locomotor activity in the OFT, indicating psychostimulant activity. The EPB extract did not induce any effect after acute or chronic treatment in the different models used. The present results suggest that the crude EBPC extract and EPA extract produced an antidepressant-like effect after long-term administration.     

Acute effects of guarana (Paullinia cupana Mart.) on mouse behaviour in forced swimming and open field tests

Guarana, a herbal extract from the seeds of Paullinia cupana Mart. has been evaluated in comparison with caffeine on mouse behaviour in forced swimming and open field tests. Guarana (25 and 50 mg/kg, p.o.) and caffeine (10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) each significantly reduced the duration of immobility in the forced swimming test suggesting an antidepressant-like effect in mice. At these doses, neither substance affected ambulation in the open field test. However, a high dose of guarana (100 mg/kg) and caffeine (30 mg/kg) significantly enhanced the locomotor activity in the open field test. Caffeine, but not guarana, could effectively block an adenosine agonist, cyclopentyl adenosine (CPA)-induced increase in swimming immobility suggesting that mechanism(s) other than the adenosinergic mechanism are involved in the antidepressant-like activity of guarana.     

Effect of Hypericum perforatum on marble-burying by mice

The effect of Hypericum perforatum extract (LI 160) at a dose that exerts an antidepressive-like effect was studied in mice in the marble-burying test. Acute Hypericum perforatum (150, 300 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced immobility time in the forced swimming test. The number of marbles buried, but not locomotor activity, was reduced by acute treatment with Hypericum perforatum (150 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.). However, this effect was not seen after chronic treatment (21 days) with Hypericum perforatum (300 mg/kg, p.o.). Thus, Hypericum perforatum extract, at antidepressant dose, exerts an acute anxiolytic drug effect on the marble-burying test, which could indicate a potential anti-obsessive effect, although the development of tolerance could be an important drawback.