蜂胶总黄酮对犬血流动力学的影响

目的:研究蜂胶总黄酮对犬血流动力学的影响.方法:采用正常麻醉开胸犬测定血流动力学各项指标.结果:蜂胶总黄酮能明显增加冠脉血流量和心输出量,明显增加心脏指数和心搏指数,并可减慢心率、降低血压、降低冠脉阻力和总外周阻力、降低心肌耗氧量,对左室内压和左室舒末压则无明显影响.结论:蜂胶总黄酮对实验犬血流动力学具有明显的改善作用.     

A Polysaccharide from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) peels affects NF-kappaB activation in LPS-stimulated J774 macrophages

We investigated the effect of PS ( 1) on nitrite and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in J774 macrophages stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. PS ( 1) inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner nitrite and ROS production as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression induced by LPS. Incubation of cells with PS ( 1) determined a significant decrease of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)/DNA binding activity which was correlated with a marked reduction of iNOS mRNA levels. These results show that PS ( 1) inhibits NF-kappaB activation and iNOS gene expression by preventing the reactive species production and suggest a role for this compound in controlling oxidative stress and/or inflammation.     

Ethanol extract of propolis inhibits nitric oxide synthase gene expression and enzyme activity

Propolis obtained from honeybee hives has been used in Oriental folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, or immunomodulatory agent. However, the molecular basis for anti-inflammatory properties of propolis has not yet been established. Since nitric oxide (NO) synthesized by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been known to be involved in inflammatory and autoimmune-mediated tissue destruction, modulation of NO synthesis or action represents a new approach to the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The present study, therefore, examined effects of ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) on iNOS expression and activity of iNOS enzyme itself. Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with EEP significantly inhibited NO production and iNOS protein expression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). EEP also inhibited iNOS mRNA expression and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) binding activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, transfection of RAW 264.7 cells with iNOS promoter linked to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene, revealed that EEP inhibited the iNOS promoter activity induced by LPS plus IFN-γ through the NF-κB sites of the iNOS promoter. In addition, EEP directly interfered with the catalytic activity of murine recombinant iNOS enzyme. These results suggest that EEP may exert its anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the iNOS gene expression via action on the NF-κB sites in the iNOS promoter and by directly inhibiting the catalytic activity of iNOS.     

红芪对血液流变性的影响

目的：研究红芪对血液流变性的影响。方法：采用正常、寒凝血瘀(肾上腺素 冰水应激)、气虚血瘀(灌服番泻叶)模型大鼠,观察红芪醇提物和水提物对血液粘度、血沉、红细胞压积、电泳时间等血液流变学指标影响,并考察其对ADP诱导家兔体外血小板聚集的影响。结果：红芪醇提物可明显降低正常大鼠高切(80s^-1)和低切(20s^-1)下全血比粘度,红芪水提物可明显减轻正常大鼠体外血栓的干重,显降低肾上腺素加冰水浴所致血瘀模型大鼠体外血栓湿重及干重,对血栓长度、全血比粘度及血沉等指标有一定抑制趋势;二均可明显降低番泻叶所致气虚血瘀模型大鼠红细胞压积。缩短其红细胞电泳速率;体外125、250、500μm／m1可剂量依赖性地抑制ADP引起的家兔血小板聚集。结论：红芪具有一定活血化瘀作用。     

Effects of ethanol and water extracts of propolis (bee glue) on acute inflammatory animal models

The anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol (EEP) and water (WSD) extracts in ICR mice and Wistar rats were analyzed. Both WSD and EEP exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects in animal models with respect to thoracic capillary vessel leakage in mice, carrageenan-induced oedema, carrageenan-induced pleurisy, acute lung damage in rats. The mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory effects probably involve decreasing prostaglandin-E₂ (PGE₂) and nitric oxide (NO) levels. In rats with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) induced arthritis, propolis extracts significantly inhibited the increase of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in inflamed tissues, but had no significant effect on levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). The results are consistent with the interpretation that EEP and WSD may exert these effects by inhibiting the activation and differentiation of mononuclear macrophages.     

蜂胶总黄酮对急性心肌缺血大鼠心肌梗塞和血液流变学的影响

目的:研究蜂胶总黄酮对急性心肌缺血大鼠心肌梗塞和血液流变学的影响.方法:采用大鼠冠状动脉结扎引起急性心肌梗塞模型,术后48 h测定血清中CK,LDH,AST活性.结果:蜂胶总黄酮可明显减少梗塞面积和降低心肌三酶CK、LDH、AST活性,对血瘀模型大鼠体外血栓形成具有明显的改善作用,对大鼠血液流变学各项指标,除升高血沉外,对全血比黏度、血浆比黏度和红细胞压积均有明显的降低作用.结论:蜂胶总黄酮对急性心肌缺血大鼠可明显减少梗塞面积和改善异常的血液流变学各项指标.     

The influence of propolis ethanol extract on liver microsomal enzymes and glutathione after chronic alcohol administration.

Propolis designates a series of gums, resins and balms of viscous consistency, which are gathered by honeybees from certain parts, mainly the buds and barks of plants, especially those found on coniferous trees. Bees bring propolis back to the hive, where it is modified and mixed with other substances including the bees' own wax and salivary secretions. In this study, the influences of propolis ethanol extract on chronic alcohol induced liver microsomal enzyme changes were investigated. Three grams of alcohol was added to rats' daily diet for four weeks to induce chronic alcohol liver injuries, and two different doses of propolis ethanol extract were p.o. administrated three times per day on the 28th, 29th, and 30th day. During the period of propolis administration, the ethanol diet was continued. After sacrifice, the rat livers were excised for assay of microsomal enzymes activity, glutathione (GSH) concentration, glutathione-S-transferase (GSTase) and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCSase) activity. It was found that 30 mg/kg of propolis ethanol extract significantly prevented the elevations of total cytochrome P-450 enzymes, NADPH-dependent cytochrome C reductase, aniline hydroxylation, 7-ethoxyresorufin hydroxylation (7-ERH), 7-penthoxyresorufin hydroxylation (7-PRH), and lipid peroxidation induced by chronic ethanol administration. Additionally, propolis ethanol extract (100 mg/kg) also induced GSTase and gamma-GCSase activities and decreased glutathione levels in the liver.     

Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide production and iNOS protein expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat aorta and Raw 264.7 macrophages by ethanol extract of a Chinese herbal medicine formula (RCM-101) for allergic rhinitis

AIM OF THE STUDY: A Chinese herbal formula (RCM-101) has shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) in a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of RCM-101 on the actions and synthesis of nitric oxide (NO). l-Arginine-induced endothelium-independent relaxations were studied in rat isolated aorta which was pre-treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: NO production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression were studied in LPS and interferon gamma-stimulated murine macrophages (Raw 264.7), measured by NO sensors and Western blotting. RESULTS: In rat aortic preparations, RCM-101 significantly inhibited endothelium-independent relaxations to l-arginine, but not affected those to sodium nitroprusside (SNP). In Raw 264.7 cells, RCM-101 and some of its individual ingredients (e.g., Radix glycyrrhizae, Radix bupleuri, Radix saposhnikoviae and Atractylodis rhizome macrocephalae) significantly inhibited the NO production and iNOS protein expression. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that RCM-101 may inhibit inducible NO production by suppressing iNOS. In addition, its inhibitory action of iNOS is likely to be mediated by several key herbal ingredients.     

重楼提取物抗骨肉瘤作用及机制研究

目的探讨重楼提取物(PPEE)抗骨肉瘤作用及其机制。方法不同质量浓度的PPEE处理骨肉瘤细胞,采用MTT法、Hoechst 33342染色、流式细胞术、Matrigel培养、免疫印迹法分别检测细胞增殖抑制率、细胞凋亡、细胞周期、血管生成拟态(VM)形成及相关蛋白表达情况。裸鼠移植瘤模型观察PPEE的体内抑瘤效果。结果 PPEE对骨肉瘤细胞半数抑制浓度(IC50)为10～60μg/m L,对成骨细胞增殖影响较小。PPEE可浓度依赖性地将骨肉瘤143B细胞阻滞在G2/M期,上调细胞周期相关蛋白p-CDK1、p-Cdc25C、p-Chk2表达,下调cyclinB1表达;促进细胞凋亡,上调cleavedCaspase-3、8、9和PARP表达,上调Bax/Bcl-2;抑制细胞体外VM形成,下调FAK、Mig-7、MMP-2和MMP-9表达。体内实验显示PPEE能明显抑制骨肉瘤生长和体内VM形成,延长荷瘤裸鼠生存期。结论 PPEE在体内外均具有良好的抗骨肉瘤活性,其作用机制可能与诱导骨肉瘤细胞凋亡、阻滞细胞周期及破坏骨肉瘤VM形成有关。     

Effects of propolis extract on sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents in HeLa and resistant sublines

The effects of a propolis extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction on sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents were examined in HeLa cells and resistant sublines thereof. In addition, the actions of propolis and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a constituent of propolis, on the multidrug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein/MDR1, were evaluated in paclitaxel-resistant HeLa/TXL cells (MDR1-overexpressing cells). In HeLa cells, the sensitivity to paclitaxel and doxorubicin, substrates of MDR1, was unchanged in the presence of propolis. In HeLa/TXL cells, propolis increased sensitivity to these MDR1 substrates. The accumulation of Rhodamine123, also a substrate for MDR1, by HeLa/TXL cells increased in the presence of 50 microg/mL, but not 10 microg/mL, of the extract. However, the growth inhibition of HeLa/TXL cells by paclitaxel was not changed by CAPE, although the accumulation of Rhodamine123 increased significantly in the presence of 100 microm, but not 1 nM or 1 microm, CAPE. Collectively, the extract was suggested to inhibit the function of MDR1 and to increase the sensitivity to MDR1 substrates in HeLa/TXL cells, effects likely to be caused by constituents other than CAPE.     

Effects of the second (ethanol) extract of ginseng on the cardiovascular dynamics of dogs during halothane anesthesia.

An electromagnetic flowmeter probe was chronically implanted around the ascending aorta in a group of dogs. Subsequently, ten dogs were lightly anesthetized with halothane (0.75%), and a second (ethanol) extract of ginseng (40 mg/kg) was administered intravenously. Five dogs were anesthetized without the administration of ginseng. Eleven cardiovascular variables including cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, central venous pressure, total peripheral resistance, pH, PaCO2, PaO2, and base deficit were compared for two hours. The heart rate and mean arterial pressure were significantly decreased following ginseng. There were no other meaningful changes in either group.     

Hydrogen peroxide-induced modulation of intracellular oxidized states in cultured macrophage J774A.1 and neuroactive PC-12 cells,and protection by a novel grape seed proanthocyanidin extract

We have previously compared selected antioxidants including vitamins C and E, β-carotene and a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) with respect to their scavenging abilities against biochemically generated free radicals in both in vitro and in vivo models. The results demonstrated that GSPE is a significantly more potent oxygen free radical scavenger compared with vitamins C and E and β-carotene. GSPE has been reported to exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities including free radical scavenging, antibacterial, antiviral, antiinflammatory, antiallergic and vasodilator actions. In this study hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage was assessed in macrophage J774A.1 and neuroactive adrenal pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and the concentration-dependent ability of GSPE to protect these cells. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to determine intracellular oxidized states. Approximately 5.8- and 4.5-fold increases in fluorescence intensity were observed following incubation of macrophage J774A.1 and PC-12 cells with 0.50 mM H₂O₂ for 24 h, respectively. Pretreatment of the J774A.1 cells with 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L GSPE decreased H₂O₂-induced fluorescence intensity by 36% and 70%, respectively, while under these same conditions approximately 50% and 70% decreases in fluorescence intensities were observed in PC-12 cells. The results indicate that hydrogen peroxide significantly increases oxidative stress in these cells as demonstrated by the increase in intracellular oxidized states. Furthermore, GSPE can significantly protect against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in cultured J774A.1 macrophage and neuronal PC-12 cells. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

当归醇沉物及其中性组份体外对巨噬细胞分泌TNF-α和IL-1的影响

目的观察当归醇沉物(ESA)及其中性组分(ESA-1)体外对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌TNF-α、IL-1的影响.方法L929细胞株细胞毒法测TNF-α;L929细胞增殖法测IL-1.结果ESA、ESA-1与小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞(Mφ)共同培养可显著增强其TNF-α、IL-1的分泌.在5～20μg/mL浓度范围,ESA的这种作用呈剂量依赖性;ESA-1虽有明显的作用,但未表现出剂量依赖.结论当归醇沉物及其中性组分体外可增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌TNF-α、IL-1.     

Suppressive effect of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression by the methanol extract of Actinodaphne lancifolia

Nitric oxide (NO) produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has played a crucial role in various pathophysiological processes including inflammation and carcinogenesis. Therefore, the inhibitors of NO synthesis or iNOS gene expression have been considered as potential anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive agents. In our continuous search for iNOS inhibitors from natural products we have evaluated indigenous Korean plant extracts using an assay for inhibition of nitric oxide formation on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. As a result, the methanolic stem extract of Actinodaphne lancifolia showed an inhibitory activity of NO production in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 2.5 microg/ml). Additional study demonstrated that the extract of Actinodaphne lancifolia significantly suppressed the iNOS protein and gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that Actinodaphne lancifolia could be a potential candidate for developing an iNOS inhibitor from natural products. Further elucidation of active principles for development of new cancer chemopreventive and/or anti-inflammatory agents could be warranted.     

Effects of propolis from Brazil and Bulgaria on fungicidal activity of macrophages against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Paracoccidioidomycosis is the most important systemic mycosis in Latin America. Its etiological agent, Paracoccidoides brasiliensis, affects individuals living in endemic areas through inhalation of airborne conidia or mycelial fragments. The disease may affect different organs and systems, with multiple clinical features, with cell-mediated immunity playing a significant role in host defence. Peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice were stimulated with Brazilian or Bulgarian propolis and subsequently challenged with P. brasiliensis. Data suggest an increase in the fungicidal activity of macrophages by propolis stimulation, independently from its geographic origin.     

Analysis of propolis from Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. (Compositae) and its effects on mouse fibroblasts

This paper confirms Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. (Compositae) as the main botanical source of the propolis from southeastern Brazil (state of São Paulo) investigated to ascertain specific biological activity in relation to mouse NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, skin cells directly involved in the cicatrization processes. Flavonoid and total phenolic compounds were determined by spectrophotometry, and chemical composition by HPLC; the chromatographic profile, characterized largely by flavonoids and aromatic acids, was found to be qualitatively similar to that of Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. The adsorption of phenolic compounds in the propolis to skin powder was also investigated, and 68% of these compounds adsorbed to the skin powder. At concentrations from 0.12 to 7.81 μg/ml, the propolis revealed no statistical significant differences from its control solutions; however, at concentrations of 31.25 μg/ml or more, the propolis was toxic to NIH-3T3 cells. Thus, the propolis from Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. (Compositae) presents an in vitro concentration-dependent toxicity on mouse NIH-3T3 fibroblasts.     

Effects of ethanol extract of Moringa stenopetala leaves on guinea-pig and mouse smooth muscle.

The fresh leaf ethanol (LE) extract of Moringa stenopetala was tested in guinea-pig ileum and mouse duodenum and in uterus strips. There were significant dose and time dependent reductions of the acetylcholine (AC) response with initial stimulatory effects in both the guinea-pig ileum and the mouse duodenum preparations. Spontaneous rhythmic contractions were greatly reduced, suggesting an antispasmodic property of the crude LE extract. The LE extract showed some oxytocic activity on uterus strips of guinea-pigs and mice. The results are indicative of the traditional use of the leaves of Moringa stenopetala for stomach pain and to expel retained placentae by women.