小叶臭黄皮中单萜和倍半萜类成分研究

研究小叶臭黄皮Clausena excavata茎和叶甲醇提取物的单萜和倍半萜类成分。小叶臭黄皮茎和叶提取物的乙酸乙酯部位经硅胶、RP-18和HPLC等色谱技术分离纯化,通过理化常数和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。从小叶臭黄皮茎和叶中分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为:1个单萜,命名为excamonoterpene(1);9个倍半萜,即(6R,9S)-9,10-dihydroxy-4-megastigmen-3-one(2),(3R,6R,7E)-3-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-9-one(3),(3S)-3-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-β-ionone(4),(3S,5R,6S)-3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-β-ionone(5),(6R,9R)-9-hydroxy-4-megastigmen-3-one(6),(3S,5R)-dihydroxy-6,7-megstigmadien-9-one(7),(-)-loliolide(8),caryolane-1,9α-diol(9),2,6-dihydroxyhumula-3(12),7(13),9(E)-triene(10)。化合物1为1个新的单萜,2~10为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

柿叶化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

目的研究柿叶的化学成分。方法利用溶剂萃取、聚酰胺色谱、高效液相色谱等方法对柿叶进行分离和纯化,并根据波谱数据分析(1H,13C-NMR和MS)及文献比对鉴定化合物结构。结果从柿叶中分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为(6R,9R)-3-oxo-α-ionol β-D-glucopyranoside (1);corchoionoside C(2);(E)-4-[3’-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)butylidene]-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-l-one(3);(Z)-4-[3’-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)butylidene]-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-l-one (4);(6E,9S)-9-hydroxy-4,6-megastigmadien-3-one(5);(6Z,9S)-9-hydroxy-4,6-megastigmadien-3-one(6);pipelol A(7);leeaoside (8)。结论化合物1~4、8为首次从柿叶中分离得到。     

雪松松针正丁醇部位化学成分的研究

目的对雪松Cedrus deodara松针正丁醇部位的化学成分进行研究。方法利用硅胶柱及Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱柱分离、纯化,并根据理化性质及波谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从雪松松针正丁醇部位分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为1-(4′-羟基-3′-甲氧基苯基)-2-[4″-(3-丙醇基)-2″-甲氧基苯基]-1,3-丙二醇(1)、(7S,8R)-9,9′-二羟基-3,3′-二甲氧基-7,8-二氢苯并呋喃-1′-丙醇基新木脂素-4-O-β-D-葡糖苷(2)、(7R,8R)-3′,9,9′-三羟基-3-甲氧基-7,8-二氢苯并呋喃-1′-丙醇基新木脂素-4-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(3)、(6R,9R)-6-羟基3-oxo-α-ionol-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(4)、(6R,9R)-3-oxo-α-ionol-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(5)、莽草酸正丁酯(6)、奎宁酸正丁酯(7)、(6S,9R)-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-α-ionol-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(8)、5-p-trans-coumaroylguinic acid(9)、(E)-1-O-对香豆酰基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10)。结论化合物1～7为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

竹根七化学成分的研究

目的研究竹根七Tupistra chinensis Baker的化学成分。方法竹根七60%乙醇提取物采用D101大孔树脂、硅胶、反相C_(18)、SephadexLH-20和半制备HPLC进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。结果从中分离得到15个化合物,分别鉴定为tupichigenin B (1)、1β, 2β, 3β, 4β, 5β, 7α-hexahydroxy-spirost-25(27)-ene-6-one (2)、spirost-25 (27)-ene-1β, 2β, 3β, 4β, 5β, 6β, 7α-heptol(3)、(20S, 22R)-3β,5β-diol-spirost-25(27)-en-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4)、3-epiruscogenin (5)、ranmogenin A (6)、5β-furost-Δ25(27)-en-1β, 2β, 3β, 4β, 5β, 7α, 22ξ, 26-octaol-6-one-26-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7)、tupisteroide B (8)、25(R)-1β-hydroxy-spirost-5-en-3α-yl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9)、aspidoside A (10)、齐墩果酸(11)、1β, 2β, 3β, 4β, 5β, 7α-hexahydroxy-spirost-25(27)-ene-6-one衍生物Ⅱ(12)、tupichinin A(13)、β-豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(14)、3-epi-diosgenin-3-β-D-glucopyranoside (15)。结论化合物15为首次从开口箭属植物中分离得到,化合物9～12为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

苍耳子中萜类化学成分的研究

目的研究苍耳子Xanthium strumarium L.的萜类成分。方法苍耳子70%乙醇提取物采用硅胶色谱柱、ODS反相柱色谱与半制备液相进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。结果从中分离得到13个化合物,分别鉴定为atractyligenin (1)、2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-atractyligenin (2)、junipeionoloside (3)、(1R,6R,9S)-6,9,11-trihydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one 11-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4)、(1R,6R,9S)-6,9,11-trihydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one (5)、(1S,5R,6R,9R)-megastigman-3-on-5,12-epoxy-9-ol (6)、vervenone-10-O-β-Dapiofuranosyl-(1″-6')-β-D-glucopyranoside (7)、11β,13-dihydro-4H-xanthalongin 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8)、11α,13-dihydro-4H-xanthalongin 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9)、 anhydrodehydroivalbin (10)、 4-O-dihydroinusoniolide (11)、lasidiol p-methoxybenzoate (12)、sibiriolide C (13)。结论所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

壮药赪桐的化学成分研究

采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、ODS和制备型HPLC等色谱分离技术对赪桐Clerodendrum japonicum的乙醇提取物的化学成分进行系统的分离纯化,并运用理化性质结合现代波谱解析技术(ESI-MS,1H-NMR,13C-NMR)进行结构鉴定。共分离得到16个单体化合物及1对差向异构体,分别鉴定为7α-hydroxy syringaresinol(1),(–)-syringaresinol(2),(–)-medioresinol(3),2″,3″-O-Acetylmartyonside(4),2″-O-Acetylmartyonside(5),martinoside(6),monoacetyl martinoside(7),cytochalasin O(8),9-epi-blumenol B(9),(6R,9S)和(6R,9R)-9-hydroxy-4-megastigmen-3-one(10a,10b),(6R,9S)-3-oxo-α-ionol(11),(–)-dehydrovomifoliol(12),megastigm-5-en-3,9-diol(13),(3R,6E,10S)-2,6,10-trimethyl-3-hydroxydodeca-6,11-diene-2,10-diol(14),(2R)-butylitaconic acid(15),3-(3'-hydroxybutyl)-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dienone(16),(–)-loliolide(17)。化合物类型涉及萜类、木脂素、苯乙醇苷和生物碱,其中化合物1,15为新的天然产物。除了化合物4,6,7外,其它化合物均为首次从赪桐中分离得到。     

洋金花倍半萜类化合物的分离与鉴定

目的:研究洋金花中倍半萜类化学成分。方法:采用离子交换树脂、大孔吸附树脂、硅胶等柱色谱方法分离,利用多种波谱学测试技术进行化合物的结构鉴定。结果:从洋金花中分离并鉴定了5个倍半萜类化合物,分别为二氢红花菜豆酸(dihydrophaseic acid)(1),(6Z)-4-(3-hydroxybutylidene)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),(6E)-4-(3-hydroxybutylidene)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one-O-β-D-glucopyrano-side(3),Vomifoliol(4)和(6S,9R)-3-oxo-α-ionol-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(5)。结论:化合物1-3为首次从洋金花中分离得到。     

钩吻地上部分的化学成分

目的:研究钩吻Gelsemium elegans地上部分的化学成分.方法:运用各种柱色谱方法和半制备型HPLC技术进行分离纯化,并根据NMR,MS等波谱方法和理化数据对化合物进行结构鉴定.结果:从钩吻中分离鉴定了16个化合物,其中9个生物碱类成分,koumine(1),gelsenicine(2),19-(Z)-akuammidine(3),gelsemoxonine(4),gelsemine(5),gelsevirine(6),humantenine(7),11-methoxygelsemamide(8)和gelegamine D(9);3个megastigmane型苷类化合物,(3R,5S,6S,7E,9R)-me-gastigman-7-ene-3,5,6,9-tetrol-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(10),(6R,7E,9R)-9-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one-9-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside](11)和(6s,7E,9R)-6,9-dihydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one-9-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside](12);2个黄酮碳苷,荭草素(13)和异荭草素(14);1个环烯醚萜苷,獐牙菜苷(15);1个果糖苷,正丁基-α-D-呋喃果糖苷(16).结论:化合物10～16均为首次从钩吻属植物中分离得到.     

天名精化学成分的研究

目的研究天名精Carpesium abrotanoides L.的化学成分。方法天名精70%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。结果从中分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为(3R,6S)-3-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]non-9-en-8-one (1)、蚱蜢酮(2)、(3S,5R,6S)-3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-β-ionone (3)、4-hydroxy-4-(3-oxo-1-butenyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (4)、松脂素(5)、1,4-dimethoxy-2,5-diformylbenzene (6)、9,10-dihydroxythymol (7)、dihydro-p-cinnamic acid (8)、methyl hematinate (9)、对甲基苯甲酸(10)、对羟基苯甲醛(11)。结论所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

野茉莉叶化学成分研究

目的对野茉莉Styraxjaponicus的叶进行化学成分研究。方法通过硅胶、SephadexLH-20凝胶柱色谱及重结晶等方法进行分离和纯化,根据理化性质、波谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从野茉莉叶70%乙醇提取物三氯甲烷萃取部位分离得到16个化合物,包括9个苯丙素和7个其他类化合物,分别鉴定为nectandrinB(1)、豆甾醇(2)、荚果蕨素(3)、eupomatenoid-7(4)、β-谷甾醇(5)、去氢二异丁香酚(6)、4-oxo-4[(3β,22E)-stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-yloxy]butanoic acid(7)、4-(3-methory-4-hydroxy)pheny-3-methyl-3-buten-2-one(8)、熊果酸(9)、香草酸(10)、(+)-(7S,8R,8′R)-4,8′-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-1′,2′,3′,4′,5′,6′-hexanorligna-7,7′-lactone (11)、(+)-(7S,8R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-1′,2′,3′,4′,5′,6′,7′-heptanorlign-8′-one(12)、(2S,3R′)-2,3-dihydro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-5-(2-propen-1-yl)-3-benzofuranmethanol(13)、香草醛(14)、对香豆酸(15)和二氢山柰酚(16)。结论化合物1、3～16均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.     

瑞香科五属植物中酚性聚合物的结构特征、分布及药理活性研究进展

瑞香科植物广泛分布于世界热带和温带地区,其中多种植物可供药用。在对该科植物的研究中发现,黄酮类、木脂素和香豆素等酚性化合物的低聚体为其重要的特征性成分,药理活性主要表现在抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌和抗病毒等方面。对已发现的酚性聚合体的化学结构、植物来源及药理活性进行综述,为瑞香科植物今后的研究和开发利用提供参考。     

HPLC法同时测定沉香化滞丸中11种成分

目的采用HPLC梯度洗脱法同时测定沉香化滞丸中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚11种成分。方法采用Thermo Syncronis C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为水-乙腈,梯度洗脱:0～10 min,20%乙腈;10～20 min,20%～40%乙腈;20～24 min,40%乙腈;24～26 min,40%～52%乙腈;26～30 min,52%乙腈;30～31 min,52%～90%乙腈;31～35 min,90%乙腈;35～40 min,90%～100%乙腈;40～43min,100%乙腈;43～45min,100%～20%乙腈;检测波长215nm,体积流量1.0m L/min,柱温30℃,进样量20μL。结果各成分在43 min内分离良好,沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚的线性范围分别为1.4～13.6、10.0～200.0、31.5～315.0、1.0～120.1、1.8～50.6、0.93～10.1、1.8～30.0、0.2～40.3、1.8～18.1、1.7～25.0、0.45～10.70μg/mL;样品中各成分的平均回收率均在98.90%～100.87%;11种成分精密度RSD在0.55%～1.54%;供试品溶液在30 h内稳定性良好,RSD在0.75%～1.94%;重复性RSD在0.39%～1.73%。6批次样品中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚质量分数分别为92.0～201.0、511.5～9 033.0、5 475.0～12 635.5、54.5～5 095.5、192.0～2 137.5、117.0～391.5、106.5～1 281.5、13.0～136.5、93.5～199.0、177.0～1 207.0、33.5～251.5μg/g。结论本方法准确、快速、简便,重复性好,精密度高,适用于沉香化滞丸中多种活性成分的定量分析。