雷公藤红素-薏苡仁油微乳的制备及其体外抗肿瘤活性评价

目的:制备雷公藤红素-薏苡仁油微乳(CC-MEs)并对其理化性质及体外抗肿瘤活性进行评价。方法:通过考察雷公藤红素在不同介质中的溶解度,筛选CC-MEs的最佳油相、乳化剂及助乳化剂。采用水滴定法制备微乳,根据其粒径,多分散指数(PDI),Zeta电位,包封率和载药量筛选CC-MEs的最佳处方,并对制备微乳的形态、稳定性和体外释放进行考察。通过四甲基偶氮唑盐法考察CC-MEs对宫颈癌HeLa细胞的毒性,评价其体外抗肿瘤活性。结果:CC-MEs最佳处方为雷公藤红素10 mg,薏苡仁油既为药物又兼作油相(用量400 mg),聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油450 mg,聚乙二醇400 150 mg;制备的微乳外观形态圆整,平均粒径(31.63±0.63)nm,PDI 0.06±0.01,Zeta电位(-10.14±1.35)mV,48 h时雷公藤红素体外累积释放度(19.89±0.59)%,具有一定的缓释特性。CC-MEs对HeLa细胞具有较好的增殖抑制作用,其半数抑制浓度以薏苡仁油计为20.7 mg·L~(-1),以雷公藤红素计为0.82μmol·L~(-1),联合用药指数0.93,表明两药联用具有协同作用。结论:CC-MEs粒径小且分布均匀、稳定性好、辅料用量少。雷公藤红素与薏苡仁油组分配伍制剂能够增强对HeLa细胞的增殖抑制作用,二者具有协同抗肿瘤功效。     

川芎嗪微乳的制备及不同粒径微乳体外释放对比研究

目的研究川芎嗪微乳递药系统的制备工艺,对其物理药剂学性质进行评价;以不同油相制备不同粒径大小的微乳,考察粒径因素对制剂释药行为的影响。方法以川芎嗪溶解度为指标,筛选油相、乳化剂、助乳化剂;采用伪三元相图法对微乳处方进行优化;采用超滤离心法对载药量、包封率进行研究;采用马尔文粒径仪对粒径、电位进行检测;采用透析袋法对不同粒径微乳的释药行为进行对比研究。结果成功制备了川芎嗪微乳,外观澄清透明,pH均值约为5.46;成功建立了微乳包封率的检测方法;川芎嗪载药量为1.2 mg/mL时,包封率为(87.43±0.20)%。通过改变油相(油酸乙酯、油酸、IPM)制备不同粒径的微乳,当载药量为1.2 mg/mL时3者的粒径分别为(16.80±0.91)、(129.50±1.21)、(18.51±0.24)nm。释放实验显示,在4 h内3者释放率均能达到90%以上,无显著性差异。结论成功制备了均一、稳定的川芎嗪微乳;不同粒径川芎嗪微乳的释药行为不受粒径因素的影响。     

熊果酸自微乳给药系统的制备及质量评价

目的制备熊果酸自微乳制剂并对其进行质量评价。方法通过溶解度试验、油和表面活性剂配伍试验,绘制伪三元相图,筛选熊果酸自微乳的处方组成;通过粒径分布和载药量优化熊果酸自微乳处方;并对熊果酸自微乳的理化性质及体外溶出进行了考察。结果熊果酸自微乳处方中油相为油酸乙酯(15.0%),乳化剂为Cremophor EL(40.0%),助乳化剂为transcutol P(45%),熊果酸质量分数为10 mg/g。自微乳化后粒径为23 nm,zeta电位为-5.35 mv;体外释放结果表明熊果酸自微乳制剂能明显提高药物的溶出。结论所制备的熊果酸自微乳粒径小、溶出快,符合良好自微乳制剂的要求。     

大黄素-桂皮醛自微乳的制备及体外评价

目的制备大黄素-桂皮醛自微乳,并进行体外评价。方法以油相、乳化剂、助乳化剂用量为影响因素,平均粒径、多分散指数(PDI)、大黄素载药量为评价指标,单纯形网格法优化处方。然后,考察自微乳外观形态、粒径、PDI、Zeta电位、载药量、溶出度。结果最佳处方为油相(肉桂油)用量10%,乳化剂[RH40-吐温80(6∶4)]用量60%,助乳化剂(1,2-丙二醇)用量30%,所得自微乳呈圆球形,大小均匀,平均粒径(17. 5±0. 41)nm,PDI (0. 083±0. 02),Zeta电位(-12. 71±0. 06) m V,大黄素载药量(16. 66±0. 29) mg/g,桂皮醛载药量(91. 36±0. 48) mg/g,20 min内大黄素累积溶出度96. 87%。结论该方法稳定可靠,可用于制备大黄素-桂皮醛自微乳。肉桂油既可作为自微乳中的油相,又可作为药物。     

银耳多糖为乳化剂制备槲皮素微乳研究

目的研究以银耳多糖为乳化剂的槲皮素微乳处方和制备工艺。方法通过溶解度考察、配伍试验和伪三元相图的绘制优选微乳处方;采用银耳多糖为天然乳化剂,以油相、混合乳化剂及助乳化剂比例为考察因素,粒径、载药量及多分散指数(PDI)为评价指标,采用星点设计-效应面法优化槲皮素微乳处方并对其性质、溶出度及稳定性进行评价。结果槲皮素微乳处方中油相为三乙酸甘油酯(36%)、乳化剂为银耳多糖(23%)和聚山梨酯80(23%),助乳化剂为PEG400(18%);所得微乳外观均一透明,乳化后平均粒径为(25.04±0.94)nm,Zeta电位为(?13.20±0.68)mV,PDI为0.311±0.030,载药量为(30.17±1.02)mg/g;溶出度实验表明,槲皮素60 min在人工肠液和人工胃液的累积溶出度为87.95%和70.47%;储存稳定性实验、高速离心和高温实验结果表明,微乳的质量稳定。结论槲皮素微乳制备工艺简单,可以增加槲皮素的溶解度和溶出度,为相关制剂的进一步研究与开发提供参考。     

淫羊藿苷元自微乳在CaCO2细胞模型的肠吸收特性初步研究

目的制备淫羊藿苷元自微乳,考察其理化性质及体外肠吸收特性。方法在考察淫羊藿苷元理化性质的基础上,以油酸乙酯为油相,聚山梨酯80为乳化剂,丙三醇为助乳化剂制备淫羊藿苷元自微乳,采用透射电镜及激光粒度分析仪测定其稀释后所得微乳的形态、粒径分布和Zeta电位,并采用Caco-2细胞模型初步分析其肠吸收特性。结果所制备的淫羊藿苷元自微乳稀释后,微乳平均粒径为55.6 nm,Zeta电位为30.8 mV,在Caco-2细胞模型上的表观渗透系数(Papp)为(3.52±0.3)×10 6cm/s。结论淫羊藿苷元自微乳制剂稳定,体外研究显示自微乳系统能够促进淫羊藿苷元在肠道的吸收。     

补肾温肺微乳口服液的制备工艺优选

目的:优选补肾温肺微乳口服液的制备处方.方法:采用伪三元相图法优选微乳处方,测定其粒径,观察透射电镜视图,并对微乳进行初步物理稳定性考察.结果:优选处方为油相白术、防风、细辛挥发油,水相淫羊藿、黄芪、山茱萸等药材提取浓缩液(3 g·mL-1),表面活性剂Tween-80,助表面活性剂无水乙醇.电镜视图显示微乳呈类球形,平均粒径为(18.25±0.08) nm,多分散指数(PDI)平均值为0.212±0.02,制备的微乳物理稳定性良好.结论:处方中的挥发油可直接作为油相形成微乳,制备的微乳粒径分布均匀,性质稳定.     

“葛花-枳椇子”药对总黄酮微乳的制备及质量评价北大核心CSCD

“葛花-枳椇子”药对中黄酮类有效部位因其不稳定特性,在体内生物利用度较低,该研究利用具有两性载体性质的微乳解决此问题。通过油相与乳化剂、助乳化剂的滴定配伍试验进行伪三元相图的绘制,筛选空白微乳的处方组成;以平均粒径、PDI为评价指标,采用星点设计-效应面法优化处方;得到投药量较高的载药微乳,对其理化性质、外观形态、稳定性进行质量评价。结果发现,以丁酸乙酯为油相、聚山梨酯80(吐温80)为表面活性剂、无水乙醇为助表面活性剂时,得到的微乳区域面积最大,K_(m)在结果相差较小时选择1∶4以保证制剂的使用安全性;利用星点设计-效应面法优化的处方组成为丁酸乙酯(16.28%)-吐温80(9.59%)-无水乙醇(38.34%)。当投药量达到体系总质量3%时制得的总黄酮微乳外观澄清透明,其平均粒径、PDI、电位分别为(74.25±1.58)nm、0.277±0.043、(-0.08±0.07)mV,透射电镜(TEM)下载药微乳呈圆球形,均匀分布;离心稳定性与温度稳定性良好,未见分层、破乳现象;显著提高了总黄酮的体外溶出度。     

甘草黄酮自微乳化释药系统的制备及其质量评价

目的研究甘草黄酮自微乳的处方与制备工艺,并对其质量进行评价。方法通过溶解度实验、油相与乳化剂配伍实验及伪三元相图的绘制,筛选甘草黄酮自微乳的处方组成;以平均粒径、自乳化时间、载药量为评价指标,采用单纯形网格法优化处方,并对甘草黄酮自微乳的理化性质、体外溶出度及稳定性进行评价。结果甘草黄酮自微乳处方中油相为肉桂油(10%)、乳化剂为RH-40(55%)、助乳化剂为1,2-丙二醇(35%)。所得自微乳外观均一透明,自乳化后平均粒径(16.30±0.22)nm,多分散指数0.155±0.008,Zeta电位(-20.11±0.50)m V,载药量(86.03±0.37)mg/g。溶出度实验表明,甘草黄酮30 min累积溶出率达90.65%。稳定性实验表明,高温与光照影响甘草黄酮自微乳的稳定性,应低温避光保存。结论甘草黄酮自微乳制备工艺简单,质量稳定,能显著增加药物的溶解度,从而提高甘草黄酮的口服生物利用度,为该有效部位相关制剂的进一步研究与开发提供参考。     

丹皮酚自微乳经皮给药系统的处方优选及药剂学性质评价

目的:制备丹皮酚自微乳给药系统并评价其透皮吸收特性。方法:采用加乳化剂滴定法绘制伪三元相图,筛选乳化剂、助乳化剂的种类及其各组分比例,考察丹皮酚自微乳的最大载药量,丹皮酚自微乳最优处方加入50倍量水乳化后,通过透射电镜观察丹皮酚自微乳的外观形态,利用激光粒度仪测定粒径分布及Zeta电位,采用Franz扩散池法考察丹皮酚自微乳的透皮吸收特性。结果:丹皮酚自微乳以薄荷油为油相,乳化剂为聚山梨酯-80,助乳化剂为无水乙醇,以上各组分比例为2∶6∶2,最大载药量100 mg·g~(-1),丹皮酚自微乳加水乳化后,外观为规整的球形,分布较均匀,粒径(63.2±0.27)nm,Zeta电位(0.14±0.29)mV;透皮吸收12 h时,丹皮酚自微乳的单位面积累计经皮渗透量589.10μg·cm-2。结论:制备的丹皮酚自微乳给药系统澄清透明、粒径适宜、性质稳定,符合自微乳制剂的要求,且体外透皮吸收效果较好。     

基于ICP-MS法的加味左金丸中无机元素分析

目的 通过电感耦合等离子体质谱（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）法建立加味左金丸中Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、V、Ni、Cu、Li、Sb、Ba、Mo、Sn、Cr、Na、Mg、Al、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Zn、Ga、Se、Sr、Tl共计26种无机元素的测定方法。方法 加味左金丸通过微波消解法处理后,根据相对分子质量的大小选择内标物,其中⁷Li、²³Na、²⁴Mg、²⁷Al、⁴⁰Ca、⁴⁸Ti、⁵¹V、⁵²Cr、⁵⁵Mn、⁵⁶Fe、⁵⁸Ni、⁵⁹Co、⁶³Cu、⁶⁶Zn、⁷⁰Ga、⁷⁵As、⁷⁷Se、⁸⁶Sr以⁷²Ge作为内标;⁹⁵Mo、¹¹⁴Cd、¹¹⁸Sn、¹²¹Sb、¹³⁷Ba以¹¹⁵In作为内标;²⁰²Hg、²⁰⁵Tl、²⁰⁸Pb以²⁰⁹Bi作为内标。对标准品溶液、空白溶液与供试品溶液进行分析,采用标准曲线法进行定量分析。通过ICP-MS法进行测定。结果 26种无机元素线性的相关系数r ≥ 0.999 6,检出限为0.001~1.500μg/L,定量限为0.01~5.00 μg/L,精密度与重复性试验的RSD均小于5%,平均回收率在82.64%~106.44%,RSD均小于5%。对3个厂家的12批样品进行了测定,26种元素的含量差异较大,其中Na、Mg、Ca、Fe 4种元素的含量比较高,均大于500 μg/g,Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、Li、Sb、Mo、Sn、Cr、Se、Tl的含量比较低,均小于1 μg/g。由结果可知,人体的常量元素,如Na、Mg、Ca的含量比较高,Cd、Pb、As、Hg等有害元素含量比较低。根据《中国药典》2020年版一部的要求,本品中Cd、Pb、As、Hg与Cu均符合规定。结论 该方法快速、准确,可以用于加味左金丸中无机元素的测定。     

Erstaunliches Ergebnis einer Schädelakupunktur nach Yamamoto bei Hemihypsarrhythmie rechts

A girl, three and a half years old at the respective date, premature in 25th week of gestation, had been presented. On day three after birth, she had had a IVH III° right and left with severe involvement of parenchyma and other multiple complications, e. a. infant respiratory distress syndrome up to the 42nd day postpartum, and epileptic attacks with apnoeic events.     

七味红花殊胜散对缺血再灌注肝损伤的保护作用

目的::研究七味红花殊胜敬对缺血再灌注肝损伤的保护作用.方法:在大鼠肝缺血再灌注模型上,观察七味红花殊胜散对缺血再灌注肝损伤引起的血清丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、一氧化氮(NO)含量的变化.结果:七味红花殊胜散对大鼠血清MDA、SOD、GSH与再灌组比较有明显差异(P<0.05),NO含量与再灌组比较有明显差异(P<0.05).结论:七味红花殊胜散对大鼠急性缺血再灌注肝损伤具有保护作用.     

Methodology of Canine/Feline YNSA and Tail Acupuncture

BackgroundYamamoto New Scalp Acupuncture (YNSA) is a well-known acupuncture system for human patients which was developed by Dr. Yamamoto.ObjectiveMy aim was to transpose the human YNSA map onto canines and felines.MethodI started researching a canine/feline YNSA map in 2002. I investigated approximately 3,000 canines and felines for YNSA and 2,500 for Tail Acupuncture. The ratio of canines and felines was 6 to 4. I researched and found all the equivalent points by palpating animal patients on the basis of an exact Neck Diagnosis.ResultsI nearly completed the map in 2006. The points in the occipital region are incomplete and my research is still in progress. In the process of researching canine/feline YNSA points, I accidentally found the other microsystems around the tail and named it “Tail Acupuncture”.ConclusionsYNSA and Tail Acupuncture are acupuncture systems utilizing microsystems and support each other in canines and felines. The merits of YNSA and Tail Acupuncture are 1) immediate effects, such as in cases of lameness, 2) simplicity in finding the exact points to treat and 3) the scalp and the tail can be utilized separately or together as treatment zones, according to the situation.     

Chinesische Orthopädie: Teil 1: Die Zukunft der Akupunktur in der Postmoderne

The locomotor system is one of the major fields of application for acupuncture. The results of the large acupuncture studies funded by German Health Insurances from 2000 until 2006 are impressive and repressive: they restrict acupuncture application by allocation of reimbursement and create the necessity of reorientation, since acupuncture can neither be adequately described nor prescribed solely on the basis of disease entities. Regarding these disease entities, it seems rather necessary to analyse the layers of problems and formulate a hierarchy of therapeutic goals instead. Only in this way the effects of acupuncture, related techniques and further therapeutic modalities can be matched with the set of objectives. The article presents general principles and follows their application from biological aspects to implications for the locomotor system and consequences for the application of physical therapy. The manual of acupuncture focuses on therapeutic effects and objectives first, and then goes on to sketch simple therapeutic strategies and finally complex approaches within acupuncture. These may encompass acupuncture, microsystem acupuncture and complex therapeutic modes.     

Patientin mit chronisch rezidivierenden Gelenks- und Wirbelsäulenschmerzen

Background

Acupuncture as a regulative therapy is well-suited for the treatment of functional, reversible disorders. Additionally, the WHO recommends its application for pain therapy in cases of arthritis and back pain due to various causes. This case study should clarify which paths to take in the case of a multi-morbid patient suffering from chronic pains due to polyarthrosis.

Objective

Pain reduction and improvement of quality of life as well as improvement of sleep quality.

Methods

Annual treatment series consisting of 10 sessions each, one session per week.

Results

short-term pain reduction before undergoing endoprosthetic surgery; considerable improvement of general status and sleep.

Conclusions

Acupuncture may bring temporal relief in cases of chronic pain due to osteoarthritis and should therefore be applied in combination with western medicine. Acupuncture is particularly well-suited to treat the co-emergent vegetative symptoms.     

Fallbericht: Patientin mit Schlafstörung

Background

Since the onset of her menopause about ten years ago, a sixty-year old patient has been suffering from hot flashes and sleep disorders causing her to become increasingly anxious and nervous. As the patient's mother had died of breast cancer, substitution of hormones was not advisable. Relaxation methods such as Yoga and Autogenic Training could only mildly alleviate the symptoms.

Objective

To effectively treat the sleep disorder, improve quality of life, lessen frequency and severity of hot flashes

Methods

Weekly sessions with ear- and body acupuncture for ten weeks

Results

After the third acupuncture session the patient reported a decrease of nightly waking episodes but suffered from acute pain in the neck as well as shoulder region. After nine therapy sessions, the patient reported a 50% decrease of nightly waking episodes. The hot flashes, however, remained unchanged.

Discussion

In this case, acupuncture significantly improved the patient's sleeping disorder. It also reduced the symptoms of anxiety and nervousness. Other menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and dryness of mucous tissues, could not be influenced.     

常见证候荷瘤小鼠神经内分泌免疫组织基因转录的总体特征

目的揭示常见证候荷瘤小鼠神经-内分泌-免疫组织基因转录的总体特征。方法采用小鼠标准化四诊及辨证方法，及Gene Chip Mouse Exon1．0ST Array等技术，检测H22荷瘤小鼠早期邪毒壅盛（邪毒）和气虚、中期阳气虚、中晚期气阴阳虚等4个常见证候下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺、睾丸、脾脏、胸腺、肿瘤RNA的转录与剪接。结果正常昆明种雄性小鼠下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺RNA电泳的28S峰低于18S，而睾丸、脾脏、胸腺、肿瘤相反。肿瘤发生的早期，下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺基因表达模式发生显著改变，邪毒尤甚，出现了失代偿。下丘脑28SRNA迅速抬升并持续，气虚强于邪毒。垂体RNA总量降低，28S陡降，邪毒尤甚。肾上腺RNA电泳特征类似垂体，气虚与邪毒相近，中晚期气阴阳虚尤甚。睾丸变化不明显。随着病情发展，脾脏重量持续增加，而胸腺相反，重量持续下降，蛋白合成和糖代谢下降。肿瘤组织蛋白合成与糖代谢，邪毒大于气虚。以上7个组织与正常对照组相比，有9127个基因表达发生差异、51126个外显子剪接发生差异。结论神经-内分泌-免疫网络组织基因转录的差异是荷瘤小鼠不同证候内在重要的物质基础。