低分子量灰树花多糖的分离、纯化和抗肿瘤活性

目的：从灰树花菌丝体中分离纯化低分子量多糖并进行结构鉴定和抗肿瘤活性检测．方法：采用大孔吸附树脂和离子交换纤维素进行分离，SephadexG200柱层析纯化，HPGFC测定分子量，紫外光谱、红外光谱、薄层色谱和高效液相色谱和气相色谱等进行纯度和结构鉴定．用荷瘤小鼠检测抗肿瘤活性．结果：得到大、小两种多糖组分，其中低分子量多糖为白色粉末状，分子量约为2600，单糖组成为D-葡萄糖，含α—1，3，α-1，6，α-1，4-糖苷键，对S180肉瘤、EAC腹水瘤、Heps实体瘤都有明显抑制作用。结论：分离得到一种灰树花菌丝体多糖，为低分子量的α-葡聚糖，初步药效试验表明其具有抗肿瘤作用。     

正交试验法优选铁棍山药闪式提取工艺研究

目的：优选铁棍山药的闪式提取工艺。方法：采用正交试验进行工艺优化,紫外吸收光度法测定山药多糖的含量。结果：以山药多糖含量为指标,优选闪式提取的最佳条件：溶剂比为13,提取时间为3 min,提取次数2次。结论：从提取方式时间短、节约能源等方面考虑,闪式提取法是较好的提取山药多糖的方法。     

白芨多糖的实验及应用研究

正白芨多糖为中药白芨中提取的一种水溶性杂多糖,又称白芨胶、白芨甘露聚糖,由4分子甘露糖和1分子葡萄糖组成的葡萄糖配甘露聚糖[1],分子中还结合有少量金属离子,同时存在β-1,4-甘露糖、β-1,4-葡萄糖和α-1,6-葡萄糖三种残基[2-3]。其分子量分布较宽,平均分子量为10-20k D[4]。白芨多糖是安全高效的医药原料、性能卓越的药用辅料和相当有     

麦冬多糖Md-1、Md-2化学结构的研究

目的：研究中药麦冬中的多糖化学结构。方法：采用柱层析进行纯化，并用红外光谱和核磁等方法阐明Md-1、Md-2的化学结构。结果：两多糖分子量为27064、48651，均由单一的葡萄糖组成，构型为α型，单糖的连接方式为1→4连接。结论：Md-1、Md-2多糖的化学结构均为有一取代甲基的α－D－（1→4）的葡聚糖，两多糖的硫基含量和分子量不同。     

甘草多糖的分级与含量测定方法的建立

目的：对甘草多糖进行提取和分级分离,探究甘草多糖分级沉淀的规律。方法：本试验用煎煮法提取甘草多糖,应用水提醇沉法提取得到甘草粗糖,对其进行分级分离。并采用硫酸-苯酚法,对分级的多糖进行含量测定。结果：乙醇浓度为10%-90%时,测得沉淀中甘草多糖的含量范围为0.961-14.272mg.mL^-1。结论：采用60%的乙醇醇沉浓度,是将甘草多糖分成高分子量和低分子量多糖的分级浓度。     

一大分子量香菇多糖的提取分离纯化

目的 研究从香菇子实体中提取分离纯化得到分子量在4.0×105 Da以上的精制香菇多糖.方法 用碱提-醇沉法提取香菇粗多糖,设计正交试验优化碱提工艺,并通过脱色、超滤分离纯化得到分子量在4.0×105Da以上的精制香菇多糖.苯酚-硫酸法测定总糖量,高效凝胶色谱法测定分子量,紫外光谱检测蛋白质和核酸.结果 正交试验证实碱的浓度是影响提取工艺的主要因素,最优碱提工艺为提取温度为25℃,碱的质量分数为5％,提取时间为24h,苯酚-硫酸法测定超滤后香菇多糖的含糖量为95.00％,高效凝胶色谱法测定香菇多糖的重均分子量为6.054×105Da,紫外光谱中在260 nm、280 nm波长处没有吸收峰.结论 碱提-醇沉法提取香菇粗多糖工艺简单,纯化后的香菇多糖为分子量均一的多糖组分,不含核酸和蛋白质,为以后的结构研究和药理药效研究奠定了基础.     

白背三七多糖的提取纯化及含量测定

目的确定白背三七多糖的最佳提取方案，对其多糖进行分离纯化和含量测定。方法建立正交实验，对其提取方案进行优化；通过Sevage法脱蛋白、乙醇沉淀以及DEAE-52柱层析进行分离纯化；蒽酮-硫酸法测定其总多糖含量。结果温度90％，固料比1：9，提取时间2h；提取次数2次，所得多糖的含量最高。蒽酮-硫酸法测得粗多糖含量为1．49％；DEAE-52柱层析分离纯化分别得到组分Ⅰ、组分Ⅱ、组分Ⅲ。结论水提白背三七多糖工艺简便，投资少，有利实现工业化大生产。     

银杏叶多糖的化学研究

从银杏叶水提液中，得到两种多糖，经凝胶过滤、高效波相色谱、过碘酸钠氧化、Smith降解、红外光谱等方法，证实一种银杏叶多糖的分子量为1．7×106，含葡萄糖、鼠李糖、木糖，其摩尔比为49．82：28．40：21．75，糖基以β-（1→6）（1→3）（1→4）连接；另一种多糖是葡聚糖，分子量为1．4×104，糖基以α－（1→4）（1→3）（1→6）连接。抗氧化效果试验表明银杏叶多糖对有一定清除作用。     

喜马拉雅紫茉莉总多糖和总黄酮的提取与含量测定

目的：建立喜马拉雅紫茉莉总多糖和总黄酮的含量测定方法，并优选其最佳提取工艺。方法：以D-葡萄糖为对照品，采用苯酚-浓硫酸比色法测定喜马拉雅紫茉莉中总多糖的含量；以芦丁为对照品，采用亚 硝酸钠-硝酸铝-氢氧化钠比色法测定喜马拉雅紫茉莉中总黄酮的含量。分别以总多糖和总黄酮含量为指标，采用单因素考察及正交试验法优选喜马拉雅紫茉莉中总多糖和总黄酮的最佳提取工艺。结果：总多糖的最佳 提取工艺为：料液比1∶40、温度100℃、水浴回流提取两次、每次2小时，测得总多糖含量为13.769%；总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为：样品粉碎过4号筛、加入20倍量60%乙醇超声提取30 min，测得总黄酮含量为2.048%。结论： 采用紫外分光光度法测定喜马拉雅紫茉莉中总多糖和总黄酮的含量，简便易行、准确可靠。优选出的最佳提取 工艺稳定可行，为喜马拉雅紫茉莉的质量评价提供科学依据。     

保济丸水溶性多糖的研究

目的 :研究保济丸水溶性多糖 (BJP)的组成和初级结构。方法 :BJP经除杂、醇沉、柱层析分离纯化 ,得到BJPA、BJPB1和BJPB2 三个多糖 ;凝胶柱层析测定多糖分子量 ,用UV、IR、HPLC、高碘酸氧化和Smith降解分析其组成和初级结构。结果 :BJPA、BJPB1、BJPB2 三个多糖均为杂多糖 ,且主要糖苷键均为α -构型 ,量均分子量分别为 5 2× 10 4、9 2× 10 3 、3 5×10 3 。结论 :首次报道了保济丸水溶性多糖的组成及其初级结构分析     

基于ICP-MS法的加味左金丸中无机元素分析

目的 通过电感耦合等离子体质谱（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）法建立加味左金丸中Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、V、Ni、Cu、Li、Sb、Ba、Mo、Sn、Cr、Na、Mg、Al、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Zn、Ga、Se、Sr、Tl共计26种无机元素的测定方法。方法 加味左金丸通过微波消解法处理后,根据相对分子质量的大小选择内标物,其中⁷Li、²³Na、²⁴Mg、²⁷Al、⁴⁰Ca、⁴⁸Ti、⁵¹V、⁵²Cr、⁵⁵Mn、⁵⁶Fe、⁵⁸Ni、⁵⁹Co、⁶³Cu、⁶⁶Zn、⁷⁰Ga、⁷⁵As、⁷⁷Se、⁸⁶Sr以⁷²Ge作为内标;⁹⁵Mo、¹¹⁴Cd、¹¹⁸Sn、¹²¹Sb、¹³⁷Ba以¹¹⁵In作为内标;²⁰²Hg、²⁰⁵Tl、²⁰⁸Pb以²⁰⁹Bi作为内标。对标准品溶液、空白溶液与供试品溶液进行分析,采用标准曲线法进行定量分析。通过ICP-MS法进行测定。结果 26种无机元素线性的相关系数r ≥ 0.999 6,检出限为0.001~1.500μg/L,定量限为0.01~5.00 μg/L,精密度与重复性试验的RSD均小于5%,平均回收率在82.64%~106.44%,RSD均小于5%。对3个厂家的12批样品进行了测定,26种元素的含量差异较大,其中Na、Mg、Ca、Fe 4种元素的含量比较高,均大于500 μg/g,Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、Li、Sb、Mo、Sn、Cr、Se、Tl的含量比较低,均小于1 μg/g。由结果可知,人体的常量元素,如Na、Mg、Ca的含量比较高,Cd、Pb、As、Hg等有害元素含量比较低。根据《中国药典》2020年版一部的要求,本品中Cd、Pb、As、Hg与Cu均符合规定。结论 该方法快速、准确,可以用于加味左金丸中无机元素的测定。     

Erstaunliches Ergebnis einer Schädelakupunktur nach Yamamoto bei Hemihypsarrhythmie rechts

A girl, three and a half years old at the respective date, premature in 25th week of gestation, had been presented. On day three after birth, she had had a IVH III° right and left with severe involvement of parenchyma and other multiple complications, e. a. infant respiratory distress syndrome up to the 42nd day postpartum, and epileptic attacks with apnoeic events.     

七味红花殊胜散对缺血再灌注肝损伤的保护作用

目的::研究七味红花殊胜敬对缺血再灌注肝损伤的保护作用.方法:在大鼠肝缺血再灌注模型上,观察七味红花殊胜散对缺血再灌注肝损伤引起的血清丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、一氧化氮(NO)含量的变化.结果:七味红花殊胜散对大鼠血清MDA、SOD、GSH与再灌组比较有明显差异(P<0.05),NO含量与再灌组比较有明显差异(P<0.05).结论:七味红花殊胜散对大鼠急性缺血再灌注肝损伤具有保护作用.     

Methodology of Canine/Feline YNSA and Tail Acupuncture

BackgroundYamamoto New Scalp Acupuncture (YNSA) is a well-known acupuncture system for human patients which was developed by Dr. Yamamoto.ObjectiveMy aim was to transpose the human YNSA map onto canines and felines.MethodI started researching a canine/feline YNSA map in 2002. I investigated approximately 3,000 canines and felines for YNSA and 2,500 for Tail Acupuncture. The ratio of canines and felines was 6 to 4. I researched and found all the equivalent points by palpating animal patients on the basis of an exact Neck Diagnosis.ResultsI nearly completed the map in 2006. The points in the occipital region are incomplete and my research is still in progress. In the process of researching canine/feline YNSA points, I accidentally found the other microsystems around the tail and named it “Tail Acupuncture”.ConclusionsYNSA and Tail Acupuncture are acupuncture systems utilizing microsystems and support each other in canines and felines. The merits of YNSA and Tail Acupuncture are 1) immediate effects, such as in cases of lameness, 2) simplicity in finding the exact points to treat and 3) the scalp and the tail can be utilized separately or together as treatment zones, according to the situation.     

Chinesische Orthopädie: Teil 1: Die Zukunft der Akupunktur in der Postmoderne

The locomotor system is one of the major fields of application for acupuncture. The results of the large acupuncture studies funded by German Health Insurances from 2000 until 2006 are impressive and repressive: they restrict acupuncture application by allocation of reimbursement and create the necessity of reorientation, since acupuncture can neither be adequately described nor prescribed solely on the basis of disease entities. Regarding these disease entities, it seems rather necessary to analyse the layers of problems and formulate a hierarchy of therapeutic goals instead. Only in this way the effects of acupuncture, related techniques and further therapeutic modalities can be matched with the set of objectives. The article presents general principles and follows their application from biological aspects to implications for the locomotor system and consequences for the application of physical therapy. The manual of acupuncture focuses on therapeutic effects and objectives first, and then goes on to sketch simple therapeutic strategies and finally complex approaches within acupuncture. These may encompass acupuncture, microsystem acupuncture and complex therapeutic modes.     

Patientin mit chronisch rezidivierenden Gelenks- und Wirbelsäulenschmerzen

Background

Acupuncture as a regulative therapy is well-suited for the treatment of functional, reversible disorders. Additionally, the WHO recommends its application for pain therapy in cases of arthritis and back pain due to various causes. This case study should clarify which paths to take in the case of a multi-morbid patient suffering from chronic pains due to polyarthrosis.

Objective

Pain reduction and improvement of quality of life as well as improvement of sleep quality.

Methods

Annual treatment series consisting of 10 sessions each, one session per week.

Results

short-term pain reduction before undergoing endoprosthetic surgery; considerable improvement of general status and sleep.

Conclusions

Acupuncture may bring temporal relief in cases of chronic pain due to osteoarthritis and should therefore be applied in combination with western medicine. Acupuncture is particularly well-suited to treat the co-emergent vegetative symptoms.     

Fallbericht: Patientin mit Schlafstörung

Background

Since the onset of her menopause about ten years ago, a sixty-year old patient has been suffering from hot flashes and sleep disorders causing her to become increasingly anxious and nervous. As the patient's mother had died of breast cancer, substitution of hormones was not advisable. Relaxation methods such as Yoga and Autogenic Training could only mildly alleviate the symptoms.

Objective

To effectively treat the sleep disorder, improve quality of life, lessen frequency and severity of hot flashes

Methods

Weekly sessions with ear- and body acupuncture for ten weeks

Results

After the third acupuncture session the patient reported a decrease of nightly waking episodes but suffered from acute pain in the neck as well as shoulder region. After nine therapy sessions, the patient reported a 50% decrease of nightly waking episodes. The hot flashes, however, remained unchanged.

Discussion

In this case, acupuncture significantly improved the patient's sleeping disorder. It also reduced the symptoms of anxiety and nervousness. Other menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and dryness of mucous tissues, could not be influenced.     

常见证候荷瘤小鼠神经内分泌免疫组织基因转录的总体特征

目的揭示常见证候荷瘤小鼠神经-内分泌-免疫组织基因转录的总体特征。方法采用小鼠标准化四诊及辨证方法，及Gene Chip Mouse Exon1．0ST Array等技术，检测H22荷瘤小鼠早期邪毒壅盛（邪毒）和气虚、中期阳气虚、中晚期气阴阳虚等4个常见证候下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺、睾丸、脾脏、胸腺、肿瘤RNA的转录与剪接。结果正常昆明种雄性小鼠下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺RNA电泳的28S峰低于18S，而睾丸、脾脏、胸腺、肿瘤相反。肿瘤发生的早期，下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺基因表达模式发生显著改变，邪毒尤甚，出现了失代偿。下丘脑28SRNA迅速抬升并持续，气虚强于邪毒。垂体RNA总量降低，28S陡降，邪毒尤甚。肾上腺RNA电泳特征类似垂体，气虚与邪毒相近，中晚期气阴阳虚尤甚。睾丸变化不明显。随着病情发展，脾脏重量持续增加，而胸腺相反，重量持续下降，蛋白合成和糖代谢下降。肿瘤组织蛋白合成与糖代谢，邪毒大于气虚。以上7个组织与正常对照组相比，有9127个基因表达发生差异、51126个外显子剪接发生差异。结论神经-内分泌-免疫网络组织基因转录的差异是荷瘤小鼠不同证候内在重要的物质基础。