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1.
天然产物合成途径解析既是本草基因组学研究的主要目标,也是天然产物合成生物学研究的重要基石。该文综述了近期相关领域的研究进展,提出了天然合成生物合成途径解析的一般策略:即首先通过同位素示踪实验结果和化学反应原理、已分离鉴定的中间产物等信息推测出可能的生物合成途径;然后利用共表达分析和/或基因簇发掘筛选出途径中的候选基因;最后对所有候选基因进行异源表达和酶活性检测确定参与代谢途径的酶,并可在原物种中进行该酶基因的抑制或过表达研究,进一步确认该酶在原物种体内的功能。天然产物生物合成途径的解析将有助于通过合成生物学技术为新药研发提供新的化合物来源,并可为中草药的分子育种研究提供"功能性分子标记",加速优良品种的选育,推动中药农业的发展。  相似文献   

2.
From the Egyptian medicinal plant Polygonum senegalense the fungal endophyte Alternaria sp. was isolated. Extracts of the fungus grown either in liquid culture or on solid rice media exhibited cytotoxic activity when tested in vitro against L5178Y cells. Chromatographic separation of the extracts yielded 15 natural products, out of which seven were new compounds, with both fungal extracts differing considerably with regard to their secondary metabolites. Compounds 1, 2, 3, 6, and 7 showed cytotoxic activity with EC 50 values ranging from 1.7 to 7.8 microg/mL. When analyzed in vitro for their inhibitory potential against 24 different protein kinases, compounds 1- 3, 5- 8, and 15 inhibited several of these enzymes (IC 50 values 0.22-9.8 microg/mL). Interestingly, compounds 1, 3, and 6 were also identified as constituents of an extract derived from healthy leaves of the host plant P. senegalense, thereby indicating that the production of natural products by the endophyte proceeds also under in situ conditions within the plant host.  相似文献   

3.
Diabetes is a disease of serious concern faced by the health care industry today. Primary diabetes mellitus and its complications are still costly to manage with modern drugs. Extensive research on the screening of anti‐diabetic agents in past decades established natural products as one of the major potential sources of drug discovery. However, only a few drugs of plant origin have been scientifically validated. Therefore, the development of new anti‐diabetic drugs is of great demand. Hence, natural products could be explored as potential anti‐diabetic drugs. Natural plants derived extracts and molecules like berberine, ginsenosides, curcumin, stevioside, gingerols, capsaicin, catechins, simple phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, resveratrol, genistein and hesperidin obtained from different species are used for curing diabetes and found to possess different action mechanisms. In this review, the importance of medicinal plants and their active constituents for anti‐diabetic agents are described. The present study also emphasized the importance of diabetes control, reduction in its complications and use of the anti‐diabetic agents. The detailed action mechanism of these extracts/compounds for their activities are also described. However, the anti‐diabetic drugs from plant origin require scientific validation through animal and clinical studies to exploit in terms of modern commercial medicines.  相似文献   

4.
植物异戊二烯生物反应器研究进展   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
肖丹  杨洪岩  由香玲  吴昊 《中草药》2014,45(24):3641-3650
异戊二烯类化合物是一种在自然界广泛存在的植物次生代谢产物.异戊二烯类化合物在植物中扮演着重要角色,既参与植物的生长发育过程,也参与调节植物与环境之间的关系.同时,异戊二烯类化合物在农业、医药、化工等多个领域中也具有重要价值.许多高价值的异戊二烯类化合物在自然界中的产量很低,限制了对其的研究利用.目前,利用植物生物反应器来调控异戊二烯类化合物的合成是生命科学的研究热点之一.在不断深入研究异戊二烯类化合物合成代谢途径的同时,开发利用了植物生物反应器生产异戊二烯类产物的技术,这些生产技术的开发又反过来推动对异戊二烯类化合物合成代谢途径的深入了解.综述了植物异戊二烯类化合物的合成、调控及异戊二烯生物反应器的研究进展,以期为促进其生物合成提供参考.  相似文献   

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In traditional medicine, numerous plant preparations are used to treat inflammation both topically and systemically. Several anti-inflammatory plant extracts and a few natural product-based monosubstances have even found their way into the clinic. Unfortunately, a number of plant secondary metabolites have been shown to trigger detrimental pro-allergic immune reactions and are therefore considered to be toxic. In the phytotherapy research literature, numerous plants are also claimed to exert immunostimulatory effects. However, while the concepts of plant-derived anti-inflammatory agents and allergens are well established, the widespread notion of immunostimulatory plant natural products and their potential therapeutic use is rather obscure, often with the idea that the product is some sort of “tonic” for the immune system without actually specifying the mechanisms. In this commentary it is argued that the paradigm of oral plant immunostimulants lacks clinical evidence and may therefore be a myth, which has originated primarily from in vitro studies with plant extracts. The fact that no conclusive data on orally administered immunostimulants can be found in the scientific literature inevitably prompts us to challenge this paradigm.  相似文献   

8.
Leishmaniasis is a clinical manifestation caused by the parasites of the genus Leishmania. Plants are reservoirs of bioactive compounds, which are known to be chemically balanced, effective and least injurious as compared with synthetic medicines. The current resistance and the toxic effects of the available drugs have brought the trend to assess the antileishmanial effect of various plant extracts and their purified compound/s, which are summarized in this review. Moreover, it also highlights various traditional remedies used by local healers against leishmaniasis. A systematic cross‐sectional study for antileishmanial activity of natural products was carried out using multiple literature databases. The records retrieved since 2000 till year 2016 were analysed and summarized in the form of comprehensive tables and graphs. Natural products are potential source of new and selective agents that can significantly contribute to primary healthcare and probably are promising substitutes of chemicals for the treatment of protozoan diseases like leishmaniasis. Where the researchers prefer to use alcoholic solvents for the extraction of antileishmanial agents from plants, most of the studies are limited to in vitro conditions majorly on using promastigote forms of Leishmania. Thus, there is a need to carry out such activities in vivo and in host macrophages. Further, there is a need of mechanistic studies that can help taking few of the promising pure compounds to clinical level. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

9.
Natural products are becoming more important in modern-day society as man is moving away from synthetic products, which can be detrimental to the environment and human health. Scientific research on the healing properties and bioactivity of natural compounds, especially of plant origin, has been extensive particularly in the Western world. However, a rich heritage of floral biodiversity is found in developing countries. South Africa, a country with a strong history of traditional healing, hosts a variety of around 30000 plant species. Indigenous bulbous plants of importance to South African traditional healers mainly belong to the Amaryllidaceae and Hyacinthaceae families. A number of these plants have particular uses as disinfectants and anti-inflammatory agents, although there is still a lack of scientific research regarding their unique pharmacological compounds.  相似文献   

10.
Natural products continue to provide a diverse and unique source of bioactive lead compounds for drug discovery, but maintaining their continued eminence as source compounds is challenging in the face of the changing face of the pharmaceutical industry and the changing nature of biodiversity prospecting brought about by the Convention on Biological Diversity. This review provides an overview of some of these challenges and suggests ways in which they can be addressed so that natural products research can remain a viable and productive route to drug discovery. Results from International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups (ICBGs) working in Madagascar, Panama, and Suriname are used as examples of what can be achieved when biodiversity conservation is linked to drug discovery.  相似文献   

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